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Die Pflege von internationalen Beziehungen durch die Bundesversammlung und einzelne Parlamentarier scheint ein dynamisch wachsender Ausgabenpunkt zu sein. Diesbezüglich stellen sich folgende Fragen:

1. Wie sieht die Entwicklung der offiziellen, durch die Bundesversammlung finanzierten internationalen Reisetätigkeit der Parlamentarier der letzten zehn Jahre aus?

2. Wie sieht diese Entwicklung aufgeteilt nach Jahr, Grund der Reise wie Präsidentenreisen, Delegationsreisen, Kommissionsreisen, Reisen zu internationalen Organisationen und Konferenzen usw. aus?

3. Wie sieht die Entwicklung der Gesamtkosten für diese Reisetätigkeiten aus?

4. Wie sieht die finanzielle Entwicklung aufgeteilt nach Jahr, Grund und Delegationsgrösse der Reise, Parlamentarier und Ausgabenposten wie Flüge, Hotel, Spesen, Sitzungsgelder, Löhne usw. aus?

5. Werden gewisse Kosten von Parlamentarierreisen durch das EDA oder andere Bundesinstitutionen finanziert?

6. Wie sieht die Personal- und Finanzentwicklung der letzten zehn Jahre des Dienstes für internationale Beziehungen der Bundesversammlung aus?

7. Welches sind die rechtlichen Grundlagen dieser Reisetätigkeiten?

8. Wie sieht der konkrete Nutzen für die Bundesversammlung und die Schweiz aus, der durch diese Reisetätigkeit entsteht?

9. Welche Massnahmen könnten getroffen werden, dass diese Reisetätigkeit nicht dynamisch weiterwächst und den Staatshaushalt nicht weiter belastet?

10. Wie ist die masslose weltweite Reisetätigkeit auf Kosten der Steuerzahler des Ständeratspräsidenten 2013 zu erklären?

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Aus technischen Gründen können die verlangten Angaben zur Reisetätigkeit bis ins Jahr 2006 zurückverfolgt werden. In den Antworten sind deshalb die Angaben ab 2006 zu finden.

1. Die Anzahl internationaler Aktivitäten der Bundesversammlung im In- und Ausland ist seit 2006 grundsätzlich stabil, wobei in den letzten Jahren die Besuche aus dem Ausland zugenommen haben. Die Reisetätigkeit kann von Jahr zu Jahr und je nach Organ variieren. Diejenige der ständigen Delegationen in internationalen parlamentarischen Organisationen ist abhängig von der Agenda der jeweiligen Organisation. Diese Reisen und internationalen Aktivitäten werden über einen delegationsspezifischen Kredit finanziert. Die Summe der Ausgaben der Delegationsmitglieder für Reisen im Rahmen ihres offiziellen Mandats wird jährlich im jeweiligen Delegationsbericht an die Räte publiziert.

Präsidialreisen oder Reisen von Ratspräsidenten mit Delegationen können je nach Anzahl und Destination von Jahr zu Jahr variieren. Die Kosten werden über einen spezifischen Kredit finanziert. Das Budget betrug von 2004 bis 2010 pro Jahr 295 000 Franken. Ab 2011 wurde dieser Kredit auf 350 000 Franken aufgestockt. Mit diesem Kredit werden ebenfalls die Kosten für den Empfang von Delegationen im Inland (im Prinzip Unterkunft, Verpflegung und Transport in der Schweiz für eine im Voraus festgelegte Anzahl Personen) gedeckt. Dieser Kredit wurde 2013 um 127 000 Franken überschritten, sodass ein Nachtragskredit beantragt werden musste.

Auslandreisen von nichtständigen Delegationen von Kommissionen werden über einen separaten kommissions- und ratsspezifischen Kredit finanziert. Wie in den untenstehenden Tabellen ersichtlich, variiert auch die Anzahl dieser Reisen von Jahr zu Jahr.

2. Die Anzahl der Reisen nichtständiger Delegationen (Personenreisetage) für die Jahre 2006 bis 2013 sieht wie folgt aus:

Art der Reise / Jahr	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011 (*)	2012	2013	Mittelwert 2006-2013
Präsidialreisen (inkl. int. Org. und Konferenzen) und Reisen einzelner Parlamentarier (bewilligt von Ratspräsidien)	49	58	49	56	44	29	42	92	52,4
Präsidenten mit Delegationen	71	85	79	33	66	28	76	112	68,8
Kommissionen (APK (mit Wahlbeobachtungen) und andere Kommissionen)	213	114	170	192	194	88	184	262	177,1
Total	333	257	298	281	304	145	302	466	298,3

(*): Im Oktober 2011 fand in Bern die Jubiläumsveranstaltung der 125. Versammlung der Interparlamentarischen Union (IPU) mit 1400 Delegierten aus 135 Ländern statt. Das erklärt unter anderem die tiefere Zahl von Auslandreisen der Ratspräsidien.

Eine detaillierte Aufstellung gemäss Grund der Reise, wie in der Interpellation verlangt, ist nach heute verfügbaren Angaben nicht möglich.

3./4. Die erste Tabelle zeigt den Überblick über die Gesamtkosten der Reisen von nichtständigen Delegationen für die Jahre 2006 bis 2013. In den folgenden Tabellen sind die detaillierten Kosten ausgewiesen. Alle Angaben in Franken, gerundet.

Gesamtkosten nach Jahr:

Jahr	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013
Kosten in Franken	343 100	279 000	343 900	379 800	328 300	175 600	328 900	520 200

Der Mittelwert 2006 bis 2013 beträgt 338 600 Franken.

Detaillierte Kosten nach Jahr:

2006
Art der Reise / Kosten	Tagesspesen, Taggelder und Berichterstattung (A)	Flug und Bahnkosten (B)	Übrige Kosten (C)
Präsidialreisen (inkl. int. Org. und Konferenzen) und Reisen einzelner Parlamentarier (1)	35 000	15 000	300
Präsidenten mit Delegationen (2)	36 000	24 000	-
Kommissionen (APK (mit Wahlbeobachtungen) und andere Kommissionen) (3)	147 000	85 000	800
Total 2006	218 000	124 000	1100
2007	(A)	(B)	(C)
(1)	32 000	26 700	800
(2)	43 500	68 200	-
(3)	68 800	38 000	1000
Total 2007	144 300	132 900	1800
2008	(A)	(B)	(C)
(1)	27 200	26 200	200
(2)	41 900	63 300	200
(3)	122 300	60 000	2600
Total 2008	191 400	149 500	3000
2009	(A)	(B)	(C)
(1)	40 000	36 000	400
(2)	40 000	36 200	-
(3)	133 000	91 800	2400
Total 2009	213 000	164 000	2800
2010	(A)	(B)	(C)
(1)	33 500	28 300	300
(2)	26 900	25 300	-
(3)	150 000	61 600	2400
Total 2010	210 400	115 200	2700

2011	(A)	(B)	(C)
(1)	18 000	25 200	200
(2)	16 200	7 600	600
(3)	65 900	41 200	700
Total 2011	100 100	74 000	1500
2012	(A)	(B)	(C)
(1)	25 500	37 300	300
(2)	35 900	22 900	100
(3)	145 200	60 500	1200
Total 2012	206 600	120 700	1600
2013	(A)	(B)	(C)
(1)	58 500	73 400	-
(2)	63 600	32 600	-
(3)	196 700	93 200	2200
Total 2013	318 800	199 200	2200

Eine noch detailliertere Aufstellung der Kosten, wie in der Interpellation verlangt, ist gemäss heute verfügbaren Angaben nicht möglich.

5. Ja. In der Verordnung der Bundesversammlung vom 28. September 2012 über die Pflege der internationalen Beziehungen des Parlamentes (VPiB; SR 171.117; Stand am 1. Januar 2013) ist Folgendes festgehalten:

\"Artikel 12 Beteiligung an Delegationen des Bundesrates

Ratsmitglieder können von Mitgliedern des Bundesrates zu bilateralen Besuchen und Konferenzen im Inland und Ausland eingeladen werden. Sie erhalten dafür ein Taggeld. Weitere Kosten gehen zulasten des Bundesrates.\"

6. Die Stellenentwicklung und die Personalkosten zwischen 2007 und 2013 sehen folgendermassen aus:

Dienst für internationale Beziehungen:

Jahr	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013
Stellen	8,4	8,7	9,2	9,2	9,4	9,95	9,8
Personalkosten in tausend Franken, inkl. Arbeitgeberbeiträge und übriger Personalaufwand	1368	1325	1439	1575	1562	1516	1630

7. Folgende rechtliche Grundlagen sind relevant:

Mit der Bundesverfassung von 1999 wurden der Bundesversammlung erweiterte Mitwirkungsrechte in der Aussenpolitik zugesprochen (s. Art. 166 BV). So wirkt die Bundesversammlung gemäss Artikel 24 Absätze 1 und 4 des Parlamentsgesetzes (ParlG; SR 171.10) bei der Willensbildung über wichtige aussenpolitische Grundsatzfragen und Entscheide sowie in internationalen parlamentarischen Versammlungen mit und pflegt die Beziehungen zu ausländischen Parlamenten.

Artikel 60 ParlG lautet:

\"Organisation, Aufgaben und Verfahren von Delegationen, welche die Bundesversammlung in internationalen parlamentarischen Versammlungen oder im bilateralen Verkehr mit Parlamenten von Drittstaaten vertreten, werden in einer Verordnung der Bundesversammlung geregelt.\"

Es handelt sich dabei um die Verordnung der Bundesversammlung vom 28. September 2012 über die Pflege der internationalen Beziehungen des Parlamentes (VPiB; SR 171.117). Die Verordnung wurde durch die Weisung der Verwaltungsdelegation betreffend internationale Aktivitäten von ständigen und nichtständigen parlamentarischen Delegationen (Stand am 15. Februar 2013) noch präzisiert. Die Verordnung umschreibt die Aufgaben und Tätigkeiten der aussenpolitischen Delegationen und der ständigen Delegationen. Artikel 5 regelt die nichtständigen Delegationen. Er lautet wie folgt:

\"Artikel 5 Nicht ständige Delegationen

Abs. 1

Die Bundesversammlung kann nicht ständige Delegationen entsenden:

a. in weitere internationale parlamentarische Institutionen und Konferenzen;

b. zur Pflege bilateraler Kontakte mit Parlamenten von Drittstaaten.

Abs. 2

Die nicht ständigen Delegationen werden eingesetzt:

a. von der Präsidentin oder dem Präsidenten des jeweiligen Rates, wenn die Delegation aus einem oder zwei Mitgliedern des gleichen Rates besteht;

b. von dem jeweiligen Büro, wenn die Delegation aus mehr als zwei Mitgliedern des gleichen Rates besteht;

c. von den Präsidentinnen oder Präsidenten der beiden Räte, wenn die Delegation aus höchstens zwei Mitgliedern des National- und des Ständerates besteht;

d. von der Koordinationskonferenz, wenn die Delegation aus mehr als zwei Mitgliedern des National- und des Ständerates besteht.\"

8. Die parlamentarische Diplomatie ist ein wichtiges Element des politischen Dialogs zwischen den Ländern. In den meisten Ländern der Welt unterhalten Parlamente rege Kontakte mit anderen Parlamenten. Die gegenseitigen Besuche dienen der direkten Interessenverfolgung (z. B. Deblockierung eines in einem anderen Parlament hängigen Abkommens mit dem eigenen Land), aber auch dem Meinungsaustausch in Bezug auf aussenpolitische Fragen und dem Erfahrungsaustausch über staats- und demokratiepolitische Angelegenheiten. Die Schweiz mit ihrer grossen Erfahrung in demokratischen und föderalistischen Fragen ist für Parlamentarier vieler Länder ein Modell von grossem Interesse. Im Gegensatz zu anderen diplomatischen Formen bietet die parlamentarische Diplomatie bei diesem Austausch grössere Flexibilität und Offenheit, da sie weniger verpflichtend ist als die diplomatische Aktivität der Regierung. Man kann voneinander lernen und wichtige Fragen thematisieren.

Auslandreisen von parlamentarischen Delegationen ermöglichen auch den Kontakt mit der sogenannten Fünften Schweiz. Besuche bei Schweizer \"communities\" und Treffen mit Schweizer Wirtschaftsvertretern werden von diesen sehr geschätzt. Allfällige Probleme von Schweizer Firmen oder deren Filialen können mit den Behörden thematisiert werden mit dem Ziel, Lösungen im Interesse aller Beteiligten zu finden.

Auslandreisen erlauben es parlamentarischen Delegationen zudem, Projekte der Entwicklungshilfe bzw. der humanitären Hilfe zu besichtigen. Damit können Parlamentarierinnen und Parlamentarier überprüfen, wie die Mittel des Bundes konkret eingesetzt werden.

Ganz generell dienen Auslandreisen der Stärkung der Position der Schweiz im Ausland und der Weiterbildung der Ratsmitglieder in aussenpolitischen Fragen.

9. Mit Ausnahme der Jahre 2011 und 2013 war die Anzahl Reisen (Personenreisetage und Kosten) der nichtständigen Delegationen zwischen 2006 und 2013 stabil.

Ratspräsidentinnen und Ratspräsidenten führen im Prinzip jährlich eine Reise in Begleitung einer Delegation sowie eine Präsidialreise (ohne Delegation) durch. Die Anzahl Länder, welche bei solchen Reisen besucht werden können, ist nicht festgelegt. Die Ratspräsidenten sind ermächtigt, weitere Reisen durchzuführen. Erfahrungsgemäss erfolgen diese Zusatzreisen eher kurzfristig und entweder auf Einladung von Parlamentspräsidenten anderer Länder (es entstehen im Prinzip nur die Reisekosten) oder auf Anfrage eines Bundesrates (als Stellvertretung). Alle Reisen erfolgen in enger Koordination mit dem Bundesrat bzw. mit dem Eidgenössischen Departement für auswärtige Angelegenheiten (EDA).

Nichtständige Delegationen der APK des National- und des Ständerates können jedes Jahr eine Informationsreise durchführen. Falls es zur Beurteilung einer konkreten Vorlage, zur Wahrnehmung der Interessen der Schweiz oder zur Teilnahme an internationalen Konferenzen notwendig erscheint, kann jede Kommission beantragen, eine nichtständige Delegation auf eine Auslandmission zu entsenden. Die APK und die anderen Kommissionen unterbreiten dem Büro ihres Rates frühzeitig ein Gesuch und ein Reisebudget mit Angaben über Transport- und Unterkunftskosten sowie die Anzahl Taggelder und Nebenkosten. Das Büro entscheidet endgültig.

Die Koordinationskonferenz (Koko) wird jeweils im Februar über die im gleichen Jahr geplanten und bereits bekannten Auslandreisen von nichtständigen Delegationen und über die Besuche in der Schweiz in Kenntnis gesetzt. Die Zuständigkeit der Koko im Bereich der Aussenpolitik ist in Artikel 37 Absatz 5 ParlG geregelt: \"Die Koordinationskonferenz, erweitert durch die Präsidentinnen oder die Präsidenten der für die Aussenpolitik zuständigen Kommissionen beider Räte, plant und koordiniert die parlamentarischen Aussenbeziehungen. Die Präsidentinnen oder Präsidenten anderer betroffener Organe der Bundesversammlung werden mit beratender Stimme beigezogen.\"

Die Belastung des Gesamtbudgets (Parlament und Parlamentsdienste) durch die Reisen von nichtständigen Delegationen betrug im Jahr 2013 etwa 0,49 Prozent.

10. Aus den Antworten auf die vorhergehenden Fragen geht der Nutzen der Auslandtätigkeit des Parlamentes hervor, ebenso die dadurch verursachten Kosten. Da das Büro des Nationalrates nicht zuständig ist für die Genehmigung von Auslandreisen des Ständeratspräsidenten, ist es nicht an ihm, dessen Reisetätigkeit zu kommentieren. Die Ratspräsidentinnen und -präsidenten haben die Befugnis, über den Empfang von ausländischen Delegationen und die Annahme von Einladungen ins Ausland selbst zu entscheiden.

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Widen the range.","loyalty_chart_alt","Beeswarm plot of the dissent rate of {count} members, one dot per member, coloured by party. {ctx}","loyalty_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their votes, dissents and dissent rate. {ctx}","loyalty_col_member","loyalty_col_party","loyalty_col_group","loyalty_col_ballots","loyalty_col_dissents","Against","loyalty_col_rate","Dissent","loyalty_from","loyalty_to","loyalty_scale","Scale","loyalty_scale_log","Log","loyalty_scale_linear","Linear","loyalty_filters","Filters","cohesion_title","Group cohesion","cohesion_hint","mean Agreement Index (1 = unanimous)","section_alignment","Voting alignment","no_alignment","Not enough shared votes to compare.","view_all_alignment","View full alignment","alignment_agreed_of_shared","agreed on {agreed} of {shared} shared votes","sort_agreement","Agreement","sort_shared","Shared votes","facet_min_shared","Min. shared","min_shared_10","≥ 10","min_shared_20","≥ 20","min_shared_50","≥ 50","min_shared_100","≥ 100","section_body_alignment","body_alignment_subtitle","How members of this chamber vote relative to one another, from the votes they have in common. In the map, members who vote alike sit close together and opponents far apart. Colours are parties, so blocs and coalitions show up as clusters. The grid gives the average agreement between each pair of parties (the diagonal is each party's own internal cohesion).","alignment_from","alignment_to","alignment_view","View","alignment_view_scatter","Map","alignment_view_heatmap","Party grid","alignment_empty","Not enough votes in this window to build the model.","alignment_window_note","Most meaningful within a single legislative period: the model compares members from the votes they have in common. If the window spans an election or a change in composition, members with different terms barely overlap and positions become less comparable.","alignment_no_parties","No party groups to compare in this window.","alignment_scatter_alt","Scatter plot of {count} members placed by how similarly they voted, coloured by party. {ctx}","alignment_pairs","pairs","alignment_heatmap_note","Each cell is the average agreement between members of the two parties (diagonal = a party's internal cohesion). ± is the 95% confidence range and n the number of member-pairs behind it. A small range over many pairs means the alignment is well-established; a wide range means it's only suggestive.","alignment_heatmap_alt","Grid of the average voting agreement between {count} parties. {ctx}","alignment_members_heading","Members","alignment_members_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their agreement with the chamber and with their own party. {ctx}","alignment_col_member","alignment_col_party","alignment_col_votes","alignment_col_chamber","Aligns with chamber","alignment_col_party_align","Within party","alignment_zoom_in","Zoom in","alignment_zoom_out","Zoom out","alignment_zoom_reset","Reset zoom","alignment_filters","section_lobby","Lobby network","lobby_subtitle","The organizations members of this chamber declare in their register of interests, and where those ties overlap. In the network, members are dots (coloured by party) and organizations shared by two or more members are squares. Members who share the same organizations pull together. The breakdown shows how many mandates are paid versus unpaid, and who holds the most.","lobby_empty","No declared interests for this chamber in this window.","lobby_no_shared","No organizations are shared by two or more members here. See the breakdown.","lobby_network_alt","Network graph of {members} members and the {orgs} organizations they share, linked by declared interests. {ctx}","lobby_mandates","mandates","lobby_members_tied","members","lobby_unknown","Unknown","lobby_org_node","Organization","lobby_payment_heading","Paid vs unpaid mandates","lobby_top_orgs","Most-shared organizations","lobby_top_members","Members by mandates","discussion_title","Speech profiles","discussion_intro","Where members sit on a latent axis derived purely from the words they use in their speeches (Wordfish scaling).","discussion_calculating","Scaling speeches…","lobby_calculating","Computing lobby network…","discussion_error","The speech scaling could not be computed.","discussion_converged","Model converged","discussion_not_converged","Model did not fully converge. Read positions with extra caution.","discussion_members_scored","Members scored","discussion_vocab","Vocabulary","discussion_window","Window","discussion_show_all","discussion_show_reliable","Reliable only","discussion_methodology","How this is computed","discussion_range_label","Time range","discussion_range_1y","1 year","discussion_range_2y","2 years","discussion_range_4y","4 years","discussion_range_8y","8 years","discussion_plot_alt","Beeswarm plot of {count} members placed along a word-choice axis, one dot per member. {ctx}","discussion_plot_caption","Each dot is one member, placed by the words they use in their speeches. Members who reach for the same distinctive words sit close together; members who talk very differently sit far apart. So a member's spot isn't assigned by us; it comes out of how they actually speak. For example, someone who keeps saying “tax”, “budget” and “spending” lands far from someone who mostly says “asylum”, “border” and “integration”. Hover any dot for its details. Filled dots have enough speech to place reliably; hollow rings spoke too little, so read their position with caution.","discussion_empty","No speeches are available for this parliament, so its members can't be placed on the axis. This scaling reads the words members actually speak, and the data set only holds speech transcripts for a few parliaments: the federal chambers and a handful of cantons such as Bern, Basel-Stadt or St. Gallen. You can also try a longer time range above.","discussion_empty_sparse","There is too little speech transcript text for this parliament to place its members on the axis. Try a longer time range above.","discussion_pole_a","One pole","discussion_pole_b","Other pole","discussion_col_party","discussion_key_filled","Enough text (reliable)","discussion_key_ring","Below the word floor (low confidence)","discussion_align_title","Does the axis track party?","discussion_align_hint","How much of the spread in positions is explained by party membership (η²): 100% = parties are perfectly separated, ~0% = party tells you nothing.","discussion_align_strong","parties are clearly separated","discussion_align_moderate","parties are partly separated","discussion_align_weak","party barely explains the axis","discussion_poles_title","What the axis is made of","discussion_poles_hint","The words that most pull members towards each pole. The axis only means something once you read these. Its direction is arbitrary.","discussion_no_party","No party","discussion_col_name","discussion_col_position","Position","discussion_col_words","Words","discussion_col_speeches","discussion_low_confidence","low confidence","discussion_table_title","discussion_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their position on the word-choice axis. {ctx}","discussion_read_title","How to read this","discussion_read_direction","The axis direction is arbitrary: Wordfish finds the split, not which side is “left” or “right”. Read the word poles to see what each side means.","discussion_read_uncertainty","Positions are standardized, so the spread is a convention, not a real distance. Wider error bars (and hollow dots) mean less certainty, so don't over-read those members.","discussion_read_confound","Speech style reflects role as much as ideology: committee chairs, ministers and frequent speakers can land at a pole because of what they do, not only what they believe.","organizations_title","organizations_none","No organizations.","org_members","org_mandates","org_bodies","org_members_heading","org_members_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their party, body, role, payment and period. {ctx}","org_no_members","No members.","org_col_member","org_col_party","org_col_body","org_col_role","org_col_payment","Payment","org_col_period","sort_members","sort_mandates","Mandates","interest_unknown","lobby_panel_person","Declared organizations","lobby_panel_org","Members with this mandate","lobby_table_heading","Who is tied to what","lobby_table_explain","The full matrix marks every member against every shared organization: one dot per declared tie, the exhaustive view of who is tied to what.","lobby_table_large","For this chamber that is","lobby_table_cells","cells","lobby_table_show","Show table","lobby_table_alt","Table marking each of {count} members against the {orgs} organizations they are tied to, one dot per declared tie. {ctx}","lobby_select_hint","Select a member or organization to see its ties.","lobby_filters","lobby_error","The lobby network could not be computed.","lobby_clear_selection","Clear selection","close","not_found_person","Person not found","not_found_body","Parliament not found","not_found_affair","Affair not found","not_found_group","Committee or group not found","not_found_voting","Voting not found","not_found_meeting","Meeting not found","not_found_interest","Interest not found","not_found_organization","Organization not found","not_found_text","Text not found","not_found_doc","Document not found","not_found_speech","Speech not found","not_found_hint","There is no entry with the ID {id}. It may have been removed, or the link may be outdated.","not_found_back","Back to the overview","about","About","faq","FAQ","section_title","section_title_bodies","section_title_affairs","section_title_votings","section_title_texts","section_title_docs","section_subtitle_search","section_subtitle_discussion",{"_1605":1606,"_1622":788,"_1623":1624,"_1625":1626,"_1627":975,"_1306":548,"_1280":348,"_19":552,"_1628":555,"_1611":358,"_1629":1630,"_1631":759,"_1413":308,"_118":318,"_1608":460,"_123":328,"_120":558,"_125":338,"_1632":1085,"_1633":1219,"_1634":1255,"_1635":1219,"_1636":1637,"_1638":1219,"_1639":1640,"_1641":548,"_1642":727,"_1643":1219,"_1644":1626,"_1645":552,"_1612":427,"_1646":1647,"_1218":1219,"_1648":665,"_1231":1219,"_116":563,"_1649":1441,"_1650":1298,"_1651":1336,"_1652":1630,"_1653":1425,"_1613":368,"_1654":1417,"_1655":1219},"section_switcher",{"_1603":1604,"_1605":1606,"_1607":308,"_114":504,"_118":318,"_1608":460,"_1609":394,"_1280":348,"_125":338,"_1610":328,"_1611":358,"_1612":427,"_1613":368,"_1614":1615,"_1616":1617,"_1618":1619,"_1620":1621},"section_title_speeches","section_title_groups","section_title_interests","section_title_meetings","section_title_organizations","label_section","Section","home","Home","people","affairs","groups","documents","interests","meetings","organizations","group_parliament","Actors","group_proceedings","Proceedings","group_records","Records","group_lobbying","Lobbying","search","eyebrow","Data on {{name}}","overview","Overview","personal_data","memberships","access_badges","Lobby","images","texts_overview","text_details","docs_overview","doc_details","votings_overview","Voting","voting_details","voting_diagram","Diagram","voting_tally","speeches_overview","speech_details","groups_overview","contributions","interests_overview","Interest","meetings_overview","vocabulary","loyalty","alignment","lobby","discussion","organizations_overview","org_details",{"_1713":1714,"_1715":1716,"_1657":1717,"_259":1718},"intro",{"_1659":1660,"_1661":1662,"_1663":1664,"_1665":1666,"_1667":1668,"_1669":1670,"_1671":1672},"en",{"_1673":1708,"_1675":1709,"_1677":1710,"_1679":1711,"_1681":1712},"de",{"_1673":1703,"_1675":1704,"_1677":1705,"_1679":1706,"_1681":1707},"fr",{"_1673":1698,"_1675":1699,"_1677":1700,"_1679":1701,"_1681":1702},"it",{"_1673":1693,"_1675":1694,"_1677":1695,"_1679":1696,"_1681":1697},"es",{"_1673":1688,"_1675":1689,"_1677":1690,"_1679":1691,"_1681":1692},"pt",{"_1673":1683,"_1675":1684,"_1677":1685,"_1679":1686,"_1681":1687},"rm",{"_1673":1674,"_1675":1676,"_1677":1678,"_1679":1680,"_1681":1682},"cookie","Nus duvrain mo cookies essenzials e funcziunals. Nagina analitica, nagin tracking.","dataLang","La Svizra ha quatter linguas naziunalas, e questas datas datti en pliras da quellas. Intgins records èn plurilings, auters mo en ina lingua. Vus pudais tscherner en tge lingua ch'il cuntegn vegn mussà; sche vossa tscherna n'è betg disponibla per in record, vegnan duvradas las autras linguas en in urden da prioritad fix. Quai è independent da la lingua da l'interfatscha. As lascha reglar sut Configuraziuns › Lingua dal cuntegn (sura a dretga).","alt","Questa pagina è era disponibla per rumantsch.","switch","Mussar per rumantsch","dismiss","Betg pli mussar","Utilizamos apenas cookies essenciais e funcionais. Sem análises, sem rastreio.","A Suíça tem quatro línguas nacionais, e estes dados existem em várias delas. Alguns registos estão em várias línguas, outros apenas numa. Pode escolher em que idioma os conteúdos são apresentados; quando a sua escolha não está disponível para um registo, as restantes línguas são usadas por uma ordem de prioridade fixa. Isto é independente do idioma da interface. Configure em Definições › Idioma dos conteúdos (canto superior direito).","Esta página também está disponível em português.","Ver em português","Não mostrar novamente","Solo utilizamos cookies esenciales y funcionales. Sin análisis, sin seguimiento.","Suiza tiene cuatro lenguas nacionales, y estos datos existen en varias de ellas. Algunos registros están en varias lenguas, otros en una sola. Puede elegir en qué idioma se muestra el contenido; cuando su elección no está disponible para un registro, se utilizan las demás lenguas en un orden de prioridad fijo. Esto es independiente del idioma de la interfaz. Configúrelo en Ajustes › Idioma del contenido (arriba a la derecha).","Esta página también está disponible en español.","Ver en español","No volver a mostrar","Utilizziamo solo cookie essenziali e funzionali. Nessuna analisi, nessun tracciamento.","La Svizzera ha quattro lingue nazionali e questi dati esistono in diverse di esse. Alcune voci sono in più lingue, altre in una sola. Puoi scegliere in quale lingua mostrare i contenuti; se la tua scelta non è disponibile per una voce, vengono usate le altre lingue secondo un ordine di priorità prestabilito. Questo è indipendente dalla lingua dell'interfaccia. Impostabile in Impostazioni › Lingua del contenuto (in alto a destra).","Questa pagina è disponibile anche in italiano.","Vedi in italiano","Non mostrare più","Nous utilisons uniquement des cookies essentiels et fonctionnels. Aucune analyse, aucun suivi.","La Suisse a quatre langues nationales, et ces données existent dans plusieurs d'entre elles. Certaines entrées sont en plusieurs langues, d'autres dans une seule. Vous pouvez choisir la langue d'affichage du contenu ; si votre choix n'est pas disponible pour une entrée, les autres langues sont utilisées selon un ordre de priorité défini. Ceci est indépendant de la langue de l'interface. Réglable dans Paramètres › Langue du contenu (en haut à droite).","Cette page est aussi disponible en français.","Voir en français","Ne plus afficher","Wir verwenden nur essenzielle, funktionale Cookies. Keine Analyse, kein Tracking.","Die Schweiz hat vier Landessprachen, und diese Daten liegen in mehreren davon vor. Manche Einträge sind mehrsprachig, andere nur in einer Sprache. Sie können wählen, in welcher Sprache die Inhalte angezeigt werden; ist Ihre Wahl für einen Eintrag nicht verfügbar, werden die übrigen Sprachen in einer festen Prioritätsreihenfolge verwendet. Dies ist unabhängig von der Oberflächensprache. Einstellbar unter Einstellungen › Inhaltssprache (oben rechts).","Diese Seite ist auch auf Deutsch verfügbar.","Auf Deutsch anzeigen","Nicht mehr anzeigen","We use only essential, functional cookies. No analytics, no tracking.","Switzerland has four national languages, and this data comes in several of them. Some records are in multiple languages, some in only one. You can choose which language the content is shown in; when your choice isn't available for a record, the remaining languages are used in a set priority order. This is independent of the interface language. Set it under Settings › Content language (top right).","This page is also available in English.","View in English","Don't show again","settings",{"_1781":1782,"_1783":1784,"_1785":1140,"_1786":1787,"_1788":1142,"_1789":1144,"_1790":1791,"_1792":1793,"_1794":1795,"_1796":1797,"_1798":1799,"_613":614,"_1800":1801,"_1802":1803,"_1804":1805,"_1806":1807,"_1808":1809},"nav",{"_1605":1727,"_1728":1729,"_1730":663,"_1731":1732,"_1733":1734,"_1614":1615,"_1616":1617,"_1618":1619,"_1620":1621,"_1607":308,"_114":504,"_1609":394,"_1608":460,"_118":318,"_1612":427,"_1280":348,"_125":338,"_1610":328,"_1611":358,"_1613":368,"_1735":1720,"_1736":1737,"_1583":1584,"_1738":1739,"_1585":1586,"_1740":1741,"_1742":1743,"_1744":1745,"_1746":1747,"_1748":1749,"_1750":1751,"_1752":1753,"_1754":1755,"_1756":1757,"_1758":1759,"_1760":1761,"_1762":1763,"_1764":1765,"_1766":1767,"_1768":1769,"_1770":1771,"_1772":1773,"_1774":1724,"_1775":1776,"_1777":1778,"_1779":1780},{"_1673":1708,"_1675":1709,"_1677":1710,"_1679":1711,"_1681":1712},{"_1719":1720,"_1721":1722,"_1723":1724,"_1725":1726},"project.title","Project","project.desc","About parlhub: what the portal is, answers to common questions, and how the data fits together.","experiments.title","Experiments","experiments.desc","Experimental analyses and methodology showcases on parlhub, including the Wordfish scaling of parliaments from their speeches.","parlhub home","skip_to_content","Skip to main content","explore","start","Start here","start_desc","Quicklinks to chambers, cantons and communes","project","project_desc","The project at a glance","about_desc","What parlhub is and who is behind it","faq_desc","Answers to common questions","sustainability","Sustainability","sustainability_desc","How parlhub is hosted and what it costs the planet","accessibility","Accessibility","accessibility_desc","What works, what doesn't, and how to report a barrier","traffic_stats","Traffic statistics","traffic_stats_desc","Which parts of the site get requested, and by whom","imprint","Imprint","imprint_desc","Who runs parlhub, contact, and the licenses","github","GitHub","github_desc","The project's source code on GitHub","data_guide","Data guide","data_guide_desc","Every kind of data, in plain terms, with examples","data_map","Data map","data_map_desc","How the data fits together, at a glance","methodology","Methodology","methodology_desc","How each figure is calculated, with links to the code","experiments","experiments_desc","Experimental analyses and methodology write-ups","wordfish","Wordfish scaling","wordfish_desc","Placing members on an axis by the words in their speeches","menu_label","Settings","appearance","Appearance","theme","theme_system","System","theme_light","theme_dark","font_size","Font size","font_size_decrease","Decrease font size","font_size_increase","Increase font size","high_contrast","High contrast","grayscale","Grayscale","interface_language","Interface","content_language","Content language","content_language_auto","Auto (follow interface)","content_language_note","Language of the displayed data (names, titles, texts). Independent of the interface; when a record isn't available, the next language is used.","content_language_priority","Priority",{"_1785":1811,"_1790":1812,"_1813":192,"_1814":172,"_1815":172,"_1816":192,"_1817":-5},"system",100,"show_cookie_consent_message","ui_high_contrast","ui_grayscale","msg_lang_hint","content_lang"]