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Gemäss Artikel 70 des Bundesgesetzes über Radio und Fernsehen ist ein Unternehmen abgabepflichtig, wenn es den vom Bundesrat festgelegten Mindestumsatz in der Steuerperiode nach Artikel 34 des Mehrwertsteuergesetzes vom 12. Juni 2009 erreicht hat. Somit ist die Abgabe von denjenigen Unternehmen geschuldet, die im Mehrwertsteuerregister eingetragen sind und einen Jahresumsatz von mindestens 500 000 Franken machen. Diese Zahl umfasst den auf der ganzen Welt erzielten Umsatz, abhängig von den mehrwertsteuerlichen Qualifikationen des Unternehmens, und schliesst auch den Umsatz mit ein, der mit Leistungen erzielt wird, die nicht mehrwertsteuerpflichtig oder die mehrwertsteuerbefreit sind. Unternehmen, deren Umsatz unter 500 000 Franken liegt, sind jedoch von der Radio- und Fernsehabgabe befreit.

Dieses Berechnungskriterium war in seiner Wirkung ursprünglich keiner Kritik ausgesetzt, doch kamen dadurch nun zahlreiche Unternehmen in grosse Schwierigkeiten. Denn der Umsatz entspricht nicht dem tatsächlich erzielten Gewinn.

Sehr viele KMU fallen in die Kategorie der abgabepflichtigen Unternehmen mit einem Umsatz von bis zu fünf Millionen Franken; sie müssen eine Abgabe in der Höhe von 2280 Franken entrichten. Dieser Betrag ist hoch, oft sogar völlig unverhältnismässig in Bezug auf ihren tatsächlich realisierten Gewinn. Und viele dieser Unternehmen können keine Befreiung von dieser Abgabe beantragen. Ohne den Grundsatz der Steuerpflicht von Unternehmen infrage stellen zu wollen, beauftrage ich den Bundesrat daher, ein anderes System zur Berechnung der Abgabe zu prüfen.

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Der Bundesrat wird beauftragt, Alternativen zur Methode der heutigen umsatzabhängigen Berechnung der Radio- und Fernsehabgabe für Unternehmen zu prüfen.

",138637,"20193235_14","Antwort BR / Büro","

Vorab ist festzuhalten, dass die Abgabe eines Unternehmens mit einem Jahresumsatz zwischen 1 und 5 Millionen Franken 910 Franken beträgt, nicht 2280 Franken (vgl. Art. 67b Abs. 2 der Radio- und Fernsehverordnung, RTVV).

Bei der Vorbereitung der Unternehmensabgabe für Radio und Fernsehen hat der Bundesrat verschiedene Modelle geprüft, welche die Empfangsgebühr für Betriebe ablösen könnten. Eine wichtige Anforderung an das neue System war, dass es einfach und effizient ist und weder für die Abgabepflichtigen noch für die Erhebungsstelle einen übermässigen Aufwand verursacht. Ausserdem sollte das Abgabesystem einen kontinuierlichen und berechenbaren Ertrag generieren, um die Finanzierung des Service public bei Radio und Fernsehen zu gewährleisten. Diese Ziele werden mit der Anfang dieses Jahres eingeführten Unternehmensabgabe erreicht. Diese beruht auf dem Gesamtumsatz eines Unternehmens, der im Rahmen der Mehrwertsteuer deklariert wird. Für die Unternehmensabgabe ist keine zusätzliche Erhebung von Daten nötig, keine An- oder Abmeldung bei der Erhebungsstelle und auch keine Kontrollen in den Betrieben. Damit ist ein bedeutender Nachteil der früheren Empfangsgebühr beseitigt, nämlich der grosse Aufwand bei der Erhebung sowohl für die Erhebungsstelle als auch für die betroffenen Unternehmen. Andere Finanzierungsmodelle, die ebenfalls auf bereits erhobenen Daten beruhen, weisen aus Sicht des Bundesrates beträchtliche Nachteile auf. Dabei handelt es sich beispielsweise um die Abgabeerhebung nach Anzahl Angestellte oder der Lohnsumme eines Unternehmens, die Erhebung einer Abgabe zusammen mit der direkten Bundessteuer, die Finanzierung aus dem Ertrag der direkten Bundessteuer oder die Erhebung der Abgabe aufgrund des Gewinns eines Unternehmens.

Der Bundesrat ist weiterhin der Ansicht, dass das System der Unternehmensabgabe unter den denkbaren Alternativen am besten geeignet ist, um die gesteckten Ziele zu erreichen. Zu erwähnen ist auch die Härtefallregelung für die kleinsten unter den abgabepflichtigen Unternehmen, jene mit bis zu einer Million Franken Umsatz. Diese Unternehmen können nach der Radio- und Fernsehverordnung die Rückerstattung der Abgabe verlangen, wenn sie im Abgabejahr einen geringen oder gar keinen Gewinn erzielt haben.

Eine andere Frage ist, ob die Unternehmensabgabe in allen Teilen die erwarteten und erwünschten Auswirkungen zeigt. Derzeit kann noch nicht vollständig überblickt werden, welche konkreten Auswirkungen die Unternehmensabgabe hat; hierzu reichen die Erfahrungen noch nicht aus. Einen neuerlichen Wechsel beim Abgabesystem ins Auge zu fassen, nachdem die Unternehmensabgabe gerade erst gestartet ist, wäre unverhältnismässig und würde zur Verunsicherung der Abgabepflichtigen führen. Der Bundesrat hat jedoch bereits bei seinem Entscheid zur Einführung des neuen Abgabesystems am 18. Oktober 2017 beschlossen, dass er dessen Auswirkungen bis spätestens Mitte 2020 prüfen will, gestützt auf die Erfahrung des ersten Erhebungsjahres. Sollte die Bilanz des neuen Abgabesystems zeigen, dass gesetzgeberischer Handlungsbedarf besteht, wird der Bundesrat die nötigen Schritte unternehmen.

Der Bundesrat beantragt die Ablehnung des Postulates.",138636,"20193235_1","Titel des 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members…","controls_search_placeholder_memberships","Search memberships…","controls_search_placeholder_interests","Search interests…","controls_search_placeholder_organizations","Search organizations…","controls_search_placeholder_votes","Search votes…","controls_search_placeholder_access_badges","Search access badges…","controls_search_placeholder_contributors","Search contributions…","controls_search_placeholder_speeches","Search speeches…","controls_search_hint_people","Searches names, place and postcode.","controls_search_hint_memberships","Searches group/body name, function and membership type.","controls_search_hint_interests","Searches organisation name, function and parliamentary group.","controls_search_hint_votes","Searches the voting title and the affair title.","controls_search_hint_access_badges","Searches guests' name and organisation.","controls_search_hint_contributors","Searches the affair title.","controls_search_hint_speeches","Searches the speech text.","controls_sort_status","Sorted by {field}, {direction}","sort_affair_date","Affair date","sort_role","Role","sort_affair_type","Affair type","sort_affair_number","Affair number","sort_valid_from","Valid from","sort_valid_to","Valid until","sort_version","facet_latest","Latest","gender_f","Female","gender_m","Male","gender_d","Diverse","lang_de","German","lang_fr","French","lang_it","Italian","lang_rm","Romansh","lang_en","English","lang_es","Spanish","bodies_title","affairs_title","no_bodies","No institutions found.","facet_has_parliament","With parliament","sort_canton","Canton","sort_position","Order","sort_population","Population","controls_search_placeholder_bodies","Search institutions…","controls_search_hint_bodies","Searches name, canton and key.","body_population","Residents","body_seats","Seats","controls_no_results","No matches for your search.","controls_loading","Loading results…","body_section_profile","Profile","body_has_parliament","Has parliament","body_languages","Languages","body_seats_legislative","Seats (legislative)","body_executive","Executive","body_seats_executive","Seats (executive)","body_consultations","Consultations","body_elections_votings","Elections & votings","body_flag","Flag","body_key_label","Body key","body_source_lang","Source language","body_people_directory_title","All people of this institution","body_composition_title","Current composition","body_chambers_title","Chambers","body_votings_title","no_votings","No recorded votings.","controls_search_placeholder_votings","Search votings…","controls_search_hint_votings","body_affairs_title","no_affairs","No recorded affairs.","affair_untitled","Untitled affair","affair_long_title","Full title","affair_number","Number","affair_official_record","affair_external_id","External ID","affair_agenda_section","Agenda items","controls_search_placeholder_affairs","Search affairs…","controls_search_hint_affairs","Searches affair title and affair number.","sort_affair_title","facet_state","State","view_all_votings","View all votings","view_all_affairs","View all affairs","external_link","External link","docs_title","docs_loading","Searching documents…","section_docs","no_docs","No documents.","view_all_docs","View all documents","controls_search_placeholder_docs","Search documents…","controls_search_hint_docs","Searches name and category.","facet_category","Category","facet_format","Format","facet_lang","facet_case","Case sensitive","facet_word","Whole word","facet_match_on","facet_match_off","section_events","no_events","No recorded events.","view_all_events","View full timeline","controls_search_placeholder_events","Search events…","controls_search_hint_events","Searches title, actor and details.","facet_actor_type","Actor type","event_untitled","Event","texts_title","texts_loading","Searching texts…","section_texts","no_texts","No texts.","view_all_texts","View all texts","controls_search_placeholder_texts","Search texts…","controls_search_hint_texts","Searches type and body text.","sort_type","text_untitled","Text","facet_position_country","facet_position_canton","facet_position_city","City","facet_position_commune","Commune","facet_position_other","Other","votings_title","voting_result_section","voting_decision","Decision","voting_meaning_yes","A yes means","voting_meaning_no","A no means","voting_affair","voting_chart_title","How they voted","chart_export","chart_export_title","Export chart","chart_export_failed","Export failed.","chart_exporting","Exporting…","chart_download","Download","chart_close","chart_fullscreen","Fullscreen","chart_title","chart_title_ph","Optional title","chart_subtitle","Subtitle","chart_subtitle_ph","Optional subtitle","chart_colors","Colours & labels","chart_color_for","Colour for","chart_label_for","Label for","chart_reset","chart_order","chart_output","Output","chart_format","chart_theme","Theme","chart_theme_light","Light","chart_theme_dark","Dark","chart_size","Size","chart_options","Options","chart_show_legend","Show legend","chart_transparent","Transparent background","chart_interactive","Interactive","chart_credits","Credit","voting_chart_no_votes","No votes recorded.","voting_chart_seats","seats","voting_chart_no_seatmap","No seat data available.","voting_chart_col_person","Person","voting_chart_col_party","voting_chart_col_group","voting_chart_col_vote","voting_chart_by_party","Vote by party","voting_chart_by_party_seats","Seats by party","voting_chart_colour_by","Colour seats by","voting_chart_majority","Majority","voting_export_credits","Data: OpenParlData.ch · parlhub.com · CC BY 4.0","voting_export_no_svg","Nothing to export. No seat map is shown.","voting_editor_title","Parliament visualization","voting_editor_disclaimer","Heads up: the real physical seat positions aren't available yet, so seats are arranged by parliamentary group and party rather than by their true location. You can adjust the colours, labels and order below and export the result.","voting_editor_groups","Parliamentary groups","voting_editor_parties","Parties","voting_editor_up","Move up","voting_editor_down","Move down","voting_editor_colour","Colour","voting_editor_display","Display","voting_editor_interactive","Interactive (hover shows the person)","voting_editor_theme","voting_editor_light","voting_editor_dark","voting_editor_export","voting_editor_format","voting_editor_size","voting_editor_small","Small","voting_editor_medium","Medium","voting_editor_large","Large","voting_editor_export_interactive","Interactive (SVG: links to people)","voting_editor_exporting","voting_editor_download","voting_editor_reset","Reset colours, labels & order","voting_chart_edit","Edit & export","voting_chart_seat_note","Seat positions are illustrative, not the real chamber layout. Open the editor to rearrange the colours, labels and order, and export.","voting_editor_show_counts","Show vote counts","voting_editor_show_percent","Show percentages","voting_editor_show_title","Show vote title","voting_editor_show_affair","Show affair title","voting_editor_show_body","Show body title","voting_editor_show_all_titles","Show all titles","voting_editor_show_party_band","Show parliament line","voting_editor_show_group_line","Show group line","voting_editor_transparent","speeches_title","speeches_loading","Searching speeches…","speech_person","Speaker","speech_body","Institution","speech_affair","speech_meeting","groups_title","no_groups","No groups found.","group_untitled","Untitled group","section_meetings","no_meetings","No recorded meetings.","view_all_meetings","View all meetings","meetings_title","meeting_untitled","meeting_upcoming","Upcoming","facet_time","When","facet_upcoming","facet_past","Past","group_abbreviation","Abbreviation","group_description","Description","group_official_record","Official page","group_contact","member_unknown","section_votings","interests_title","interest_details","Details","interest_person","Declared by","interest_body","Granting body","interest_role","interest_type","interest_group","interest_place","Place","interest_period","Period","meeting_details","meeting_type","meeting_state","meeting_number","meeting_location","Location","meeting_period","meeting_group","meeting_body","group_type","description","controls_search_placeholder_meetings","Search meetings …","controls_search_hint_meetings","Name, location or description","section_agendas","no_agendas","No agenda items.","view_all_agendas","View all agenda items","agenda_untitled","speech_speaker_unknown","video","doc_untitled","Document","doc_body","doc_affair","doc_meeting","doc_agenda","section_contributors","Contributors","no_contributors","No contributors.","view_all_contributors","View all contributors","sort_number","topics_title","Most-used words","topics_intro","The words this person uses most across their speeches, with common filler words removed. Tile size shows how often a word is used.","topics_all_time","All time","topics_last_4y","Last 4 years","topics_last_8y","Last 8 years","topics_from","topics_to","topics_speeches","speeches","topics_words","words (filtered)","topics_distinct","distinct words","topics_uses","uses","topics_alt","Treemap of most-used words.","topics_empty","No speeches with usable text in this period. Try widening the range.","loyalty_title","Party loyalty","loyalty_subtitle","Share of a member's votes cast against their group's majority line (higher = more independent). Abstentions count as a position.","loyalty_axis","Dissent rate: share of votes against own group","loyalty_dissent","dissent","loyalty_ballots","votes","loyalty_empty","No votes in this period meet the thresholds for a loyalty score. Widen the range.","loyalty_chart_alt","Dissent rate of each member, coloured by party.","loyalty_col_member","loyalty_col_party","loyalty_col_group","loyalty_col_ballots","loyalty_col_dissents","Against","loyalty_col_rate","Dissent","loyalty_from","loyalty_to","loyalty_scale","Scale","loyalty_scale_log","Log","loyalty_scale_linear","Linear","cohesion_title","Group cohesion","cohesion_hint","mean Agreement Index (1 = unanimous)","section_alignment","Voting alignment","no_alignment","Not enough shared votes to compare.","view_all_alignment","View full alignment","sort_agreement","Agreement","sort_shared","Shared votes","facet_min_shared","Min. shared","min_shared_10","≥ 10","min_shared_20","≥ 20","min_shared_50","≥ 50","min_shared_100","≥ 100","section_body_alignment","body_alignment_subtitle","How members of this chamber vote relative to one another, from the votes they have in common. In the map, members who vote alike sit close together and opponents far apart. Colours are parties, so blocs and coalitions show up as clusters. The grid gives the average agreement between each pair of parties (the diagonal is each party's own internal cohesion).","alignment_from","alignment_to","alignment_view","View","alignment_view_scatter","Map","alignment_view_heatmap","Party grid","alignment_empty","Not enough votes in this window to build the model.","alignment_window_note","Most meaningful within a single legislative period: the model compares members from the votes they have in common. If the window spans an election or a change in composition, members with different terms barely overlap and positions become less comparable.","alignment_no_parties","No party groups to compare in this window.","alignment_scatter_alt","Members placed by voting similarity","alignment_pairs","pairs","alignment_heatmap_caption","Each cell is the average agreement between members of the two parties (diagonal = a party's internal cohesion). ± is the 95% confidence range and n the number of member-pairs behind it. A small range over many pairs means the alignment is well-established; a wide range means it's only suggestive.","alignment_members_heading","Members","alignment_col_member","alignment_col_party","alignment_col_votes","alignment_col_chamber","Aligns with chamber","alignment_col_party_align","Within party","alignment_zoom_in","Zoom in","alignment_zoom_out","Zoom out","alignment_zoom_reset","Reset zoom","alignment_filters","Filters","section_lobby","Lobby network","lobby_subtitle","The organizations members of this chamber declare in their register of interests, and where those ties overlap. In the network, members are dots (coloured by party) and organizations shared by two or more members are squares. Members who share the same organizations pull together. The breakdown shows how many mandates are paid versus unpaid, and who holds the most.","lobby_empty","No declared interests for this chamber in this window.","lobby_no_shared","No organizations are shared by two or more members here. See the breakdown.","lobby_network_alt","Members and the organizations they share","lobby_mandates","mandates","lobby_members_tied","members","lobby_unknown","Unknown","lobby_org_node","Organization","lobby_payment_heading","Paid vs unpaid mandates","lobby_top_orgs","Most-shared organizations","lobby_top_members","Members by mandates","discussion_title","Speech profiles","discussion_intro","Where members sit on a latent axis derived purely from the words they use in their speeches (Wordfish scaling).","discussion_calculating","Scaling speeches…","lobby_calculating","Computing lobby network…","discussion_error","The speech scaling could not be computed.","discussion_converged","Model converged","discussion_not_converged","Model did not fully converge. Read positions with extra caution.","discussion_members_scored","Members scored","discussion_vocab","Vocabulary","discussion_window","Window","discussion_show_all","discussion_show_reliable","Reliable only","discussion_methodology","How this is computed","discussion_range_label","Time range","discussion_range_1y","1 year","discussion_range_2y","2 years","discussion_range_4y","4 years","discussion_range_8y","8 years","discussion_plot_alt","Members placed along a word-choice axis","discussion_plot_caption","Each dot is one member, placed by the words they use in their speeches. Members who reach for the same distinctive words sit close together; members who talk very differently sit far apart. So a member's spot isn't assigned by us; it comes out of how they actually speak. For example, someone who keeps saying “tax”, “budget” and “spending” lands far from someone who mostly says “asylum”, “border” and “integration”. Hover any dot for its details. Filled dots have enough speech to place reliably; hollow rings spoke too little, so read their position with caution.","discussion_empty","No speeches are available for this parliament, so its members can't be placed on the axis. This scaling reads the words members actually speak, and the data set only holds speech transcripts for a few parliaments: the federal chambers and a handful of cantons such as Bern, Basel-Stadt or St. Gallen. You can also try a longer time range above.","discussion_empty_sparse","There is too little speech transcript text for this parliament to place its members on the axis. Try a longer time range above.","discussion_pole_a","One pole","discussion_pole_b","Other pole","discussion_col_party","discussion_key_filled","Enough text (reliable)","discussion_key_ring","Below the word floor (low confidence)","discussion_align_title","Does the axis track party?","discussion_align_hint","How much of the spread in positions is explained by party membership (η²): 100% = parties are perfectly separated, ~0% = party tells you nothing.","discussion_align_strong","parties are clearly separated","discussion_align_moderate","parties are partly separated","discussion_align_weak","party barely explains the axis","discussion_poles_title","What the axis is made of","discussion_poles_hint","The words that most pull members towards each pole. The axis only means something once you read these. Its direction is arbitrary.","discussion_no_party","No party","discussion_col_name","discussion_col_position","Position","discussion_col_words","Words","discussion_col_speeches","discussion_low_confidence","low confidence","discussion_table_title","discussion_read_title","How to read this","discussion_read_direction","The axis direction is arbitrary: Wordfish finds the split, not which side is “left” or “right”. Read the word poles to see what each side means.","discussion_read_uncertainty","Positions are standardized, so the spread is a convention, not a real distance. Wider error bars (and hollow dots) mean less certainty, so don't over-read those members.","discussion_read_confound","Speech style reflects role as much as ideology: committee chairs, ministers and frequent speakers can land at a pole because of what they do, not only what they believe.","organizations_title","organizations_none","No organizations.","org_members","org_mandates","org_bodies","org_members_heading","org_no_members","No members.","org_col_member","org_col_party","org_col_body","org_col_role","org_col_payment","Payment","org_col_period","sort_members","sort_mandates","Mandates","interest_unknown","lobby_panel_person","Declared organizations","lobby_panel_org","Members with this mandate","lobby_table_heading","Who is tied to what","lobby_table_explain","The full matrix marks every member against every shared organization: one dot per declared tie, the exhaustive view of who is tied to what.","lobby_table_large","For this chamber that is","lobby_table_cells","cells","lobby_table_show","Show table","lobby_select_hint","Select a member or organization to see its ties.","close","not_found_person","Person not found","not_found_body","Parliament not found","not_found_affair","Affair not found","not_found_group","Committee or group not found","not_found_voting","Voting not found","not_found_meeting","Meeting not found","not_found_interest","Interest not found","not_found_organization","Organization not found","not_found_text","Text not found","not_found_doc","Document not found","not_found_speech","Speech not found","not_found_hint","There is no entry with the ID {id}. It may have been removed, or the link may be outdated.","not_found_back","Back to the overview","about","About","faq","FAQ","section_title","section_title_bodies","section_title_affairs","section_title_votings","section_title_texts","section_title_docs","section_subtitle_search","section_subtitle_discussion",{"_1640":1641,"_1657":809,"_1658":1659,"_1660":1661,"_1662":983,"_1361":571,"_1341":371,"_78":575,"_1663":578,"_1646":381,"_1664":1665,"_1666":780,"_1459":331,"_74":341,"_1643":483,"_19":351,"_76":581,"_81":361,"_1667":1093,"_1668":1280,"_1669":1316,"_1670":1280,"_1671":1672,"_1673":1280,"_1674":1675,"_1676":571,"_1677":748,"_1678":1280,"_1679":1661,"_1680":575,"_1647":450,"_1681":1682,"_1279":1280,"_1683":688,"_1292":1280,"_72":586,"_1684":1487,"_1685":1353,"_1686":1387,"_1687":1665,"_1688":1471,"_1648":391,"_1689":1463,"_1690":1280},"section_switcher",{"_1638":1639,"_1640":1641,"_1642":331,"_70":527,"_74":341,"_1643":483,"_1644":417,"_1341":371,"_81":361,"_1645":351,"_1646":381,"_1647":450,"_1648":391,"_1649":1650,"_1651":1652,"_1653":1654,"_1655":1656},"section_title_speeches","section_title_groups","section_title_interests","section_title_meetings","section_title_organizations","label_section","Section","home","Home","people","affairs","groups","documents","interests","meetings","organizations","group_parliament","Actors","group_proceedings","Proceedings","group_records","Records","group_lobbying","Lobbying","search","eyebrow","Data on {{name}}","overview","Overview","personal_data","memberships","access_badges","Lobby","images","texts_overview","text_details","docs_overview","doc_details","votings_overview","Voting","voting_details","voting_diagram","Diagram","voting_tally","speeches_overview","speech_details","groups_overview","contributions","interests_overview","Interest","meetings_overview","vocabulary","loyalty","alignment","lobby","discussion","organizations_overview","org_details",{"_1734":1735,"_1736":1737,"_1692":1738,"_282":1739},"intro",{"_1694":1695,"_1696":1697,"_1698":1699,"_1700":1701,"_1702":1703},"en",{"_1704":1729,"_1706":1730,"_1708":1731,"_1710":1732,"_1712":1733},"de",{"_1704":1724,"_1706":1725,"_1708":1726,"_1710":1727,"_1712":1728},"fr",{"_1704":1719,"_1706":1720,"_1708":1721,"_1710":1722,"_1712":1723},"it",{"_1704":1714,"_1706":1715,"_1708":1716,"_1710":1717,"_1712":1718},"es",{"_1704":1705,"_1706":1707,"_1708":1709,"_1710":1711,"_1712":1713},"cookie","Solo utilizamos cookies esenciales y funcionales. Sin análisis, sin seguimiento.","dataLang","Suiza tiene cuatro lenguas nacionales, y estos datos existen en varias de ellas. Algunos registros están en varias lenguas, otros en una sola. Puede elegir en qué idioma se muestra el contenido; cuando su elección no está disponible para un registro, se utilizan las demás lenguas en un orden de prioridad fijo. Esto es independiente del idioma de la interfaz. Configúrelo en Ajustes › Idioma del contenido (arriba a la derecha).","alt","Esta página también está disponible en español.","switch","Ver en español","dismiss","No volver a mostrar","Utilizziamo solo cookie essenziali e funzionali. Nessuna analisi, nessun tracciamento.","La Svizzera ha quattro lingue nazionali e questi dati esistono in diverse di esse. Alcune voci sono in più lingue, altre in una sola. Puoi scegliere in quale lingua mostrare i contenuti; se la tua scelta non è disponibile per una voce, vengono usate le altre lingue secondo un ordine di priorità prestabilito. Questo è indipendente dalla lingua dell'interfaccia. Impostabile in Impostazioni › Lingua del contenuto (in alto a destra).","Questa pagina è disponibile anche in italiano.","Vedi in italiano","Non mostrare più","Nous utilisons uniquement des cookies essentiels et fonctionnels. Aucune analyse, aucun suivi.","La Suisse a quatre langues nationales, et ces données existent dans plusieurs d'entre elles. Certaines entrées sont en plusieurs langues, d'autres dans une seule. Vous pouvez choisir la langue d'affichage du contenu ; si votre choix n'est pas disponible pour une entrée, les autres langues sont utilisées selon un ordre de priorité défini. Ceci est indépendant de la langue de l'interface. Réglable dans Paramètres › Langue du contenu (en haut à droite).","Cette page est aussi disponible en français.","Voir en français","Ne plus afficher","Wir verwenden nur essenzielle, funktionale Cookies. Keine Analyse, kein Tracking.","Die Schweiz hat vier Landessprachen, und diese Daten liegen in mehreren davon vor. Manche Einträge sind mehrsprachig, andere nur in einer Sprache. Sie können wählen, in welcher Sprache die Inhalte angezeigt werden; ist Ihre Wahl für einen Eintrag nicht verfügbar, werden die übrigen Sprachen in einer festen Prioritätsreihenfolge verwendet. Dies ist unabhängig von der Oberflächensprache. Einstellbar unter Einstellungen › Inhaltssprache (oben rechts).","Diese Seite ist auch auf Deutsch verfügbar.","Auf Deutsch anzeigen","Nicht mehr anzeigen","We use only essential, functional cookies. No analytics, no tracking.","Switzerland has four national languages, and this data comes in several of them. Some records are in multiple languages, some in only one. You can choose which language the content is shown in; when your choice isn't available for a record, the remaining languages are used in a set priority order. This is independent of the interface language. Set it under Settings › Content language (top right).","This page is also available in English.","View in English","Don't show again","settings",{"_1776":1777,"_1778":1779,"_1780":1144,"_1781":1782,"_1783":1146,"_1784":1148,"_1785":1786,"_1787":1788,"_1789":1790,"_1791":1792,"_1793":1794,"_636":637,"_1795":1796,"_1797":1798,"_1799":1800,"_1801":1802,"_1803":1804},"nav",{"_1640":1748,"_1749":686,"_1750":1751,"_1752":1753,"_1649":1650,"_1651":1652,"_1653":1654,"_1655":1656,"_1642":331,"_70":527,"_1644":417,"_1643":483,"_74":341,"_1647":450,"_1341":371,"_81":361,"_1645":351,"_1646":381,"_1648":391,"_1754":1741,"_1755":1756,"_1618":1619,"_1757":1758,"_1620":1621,"_1759":1760,"_1761":1762,"_1763":1764,"_1765":1766,"_1767":1768,"_1769":1745,"_1770":1771,"_1772":1773,"_1774":1775},{"_1704":1729,"_1706":1730,"_1708":1731,"_1710":1732,"_1712":1733},{"_1740":1741,"_1742":1743,"_1744":1745,"_1746":1747},"project.title","Project","project.desc","About parlhub: what the portal is, answers to common questions, and how the data fits together.","experiments.title","Experiments","experiments.desc","Experimental analyses and methodology showcases on parlhub, including the Wordfish scaling of parliaments from their speeches.","parlhub home","explore","start","Start here","start_desc","Quicklinks to chambers, cantons and communes","project","project_desc","The project at a glance","about_desc","What parlhub is and who is behind it","faq_desc","Answers to common questions","data_guide","Data guide","data_guide_desc","Every kind of data, in plain terms, with examples","data_map","Data map","data_map_desc","How the data fits together, at a glance","experiments","experiments_desc","Experimental analyses and methodology write-ups","wordfish","Wordfish scaling","wordfish_desc","Placing members on an axis by the words in their speeches","menu_label","Settings","appearance","Appearance","theme","theme_system","System","theme_light","theme_dark","font_size","Font size","font_size_decrease","Decrease font size","font_size_increase","Increase font size","high_contrast","High contrast","grayscale","Grayscale","interface_language","Interface","content_language","Content language","content_language_auto","Auto (follow interface)","content_language_note","Language of the displayed data (names, titles, texts). Independent of the interface; when a record isn't available, the next language is used.","content_language_priority","Priority",{"_1780":1806,"_1785":1807,"_1808":218,"_1809":200,"_1810":200,"_1811":218,"_1812":-5},"system",100,"show_cookie_consent_message","ui_high_contrast","ui_grayscale","msg_lang_hint","content_lang"]