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Um die Kosten im Gesundheitswesen in den Griff zu bekommen, muss die Mengenausweitung gestoppt werden. Aufgrund der speziellen Struktur des Marktes im Gesundheitswesen bestimmt ein komplett falscher Anreiz zu einem guten Teil das Angebot die Nachfrage. Die bestehenden Überkapazitäten im ambulanten wie im stationären Bereich führen zu einer unverhältnismässigen Mengenausweitung und somit auch zu einer Kostenerhöhung.

Da der Leistungskatalog der Grundversicherung nicht positiv formuliert ist, muss dies vorgenommen werden.

Der Leistungskatalog der Grundversicherung hat sich in den letzten Jahren ständig erweitert, sei es aufgrund der Aufnahme von neuen Leistungserbringern oder durch neue Therapieverfahren. Es ist sicherzustellen, dass neue Diagnose- und Therapieverfahren eine medizinische und ökonomische Schwelle zu nehmen haben, bevor sie in den Grundleistungskatalog aufgenommen werden.

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1. Der Bundesrat weist zunächst darauf hin, dass nach der geltenden Krankenversicherungsgesetzgebung nur solche Leistungen kassenpflichtig sind, die einerseits von zugelassenen Leistungserbringern erbracht werden und die andererseits wirksam, zweckmässig und wirtschaftlich sind. Für die ärztlichen Leistungen besteht ein offener Leistungskatalog in dem Sinne, dass die Krankenversicherung im Prinzip alle von einem Arzt oder einer Ärztin vorgenommenen Untersuchungen und Behandlungen vergütet, soweit diese nicht umstritten sind. In der Krankenpflege-Leistungsverordnung (KLV) werden diejenigen ärztlichen Leistungen bezeichnet, die nicht oder nur unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen von der Krankenversicherung übernommen werden. Für die übrigen Leistungen, d. h. die nichtärztlichen Leistungen (z. B. die Leistungen der Physiotherapie oder der Krankenpflege oder die Arzneimittel und Analysen), kennt das geltende Recht hingegen einen geschlossenen Leistungskatalog, d. h. eine abschliessende Aufzählung der kassenpflichtigen Leistungen in der KLV oder in den Listen (z. B. Spezialitätenliste).

Die Bezeichnung der kassenpflichtigen nichtärztlichen und der umstrittenen ärztlichen Leistungen erfolgt durch das Eidgenössische Departement des Innern (EDI) und das Bundesamt für Sozialversicherung. Sie werden dabei von insgesamt fünf Eidgenössischen Fachkommissionen beraten. Das Verfahren hat sich in der Praxis eingespielt und stösst bei allen betroffenen Akteuren auf eine hohe Akzeptanz. Richtschnur für die Bezeichnung der Leistungen bilden stets die gesetzlichen Kriterien der Wirtschaftlichkeit, Zweckmässigkeit und Wirksamkeit. Die Kosten, welche durch die explizite Zulassung neuer Leistungen in den letzten Jahren ausgelöst worden sind, halten sich in Grenzen; sie bewegen sich mit Ausnahme des Jahres 1999 in der Grössenordnung von einem halben Prämienprozent.

2. Ein positiv formulierter Leistungskatalog besteht somit für die nichtärztlichen Leistungen. Insoweit ist das Anliegen des Motionärs bereits erfüllt. Das Gleiche gilt grundsätzlich auch für die Bezeichnung der Leistungen, welche in der Praxis nach gefestigten Kriterien (Wirtschaftlichkeit, Zweckmässigkeit und Wirksamkeit) erfolgt, die sich in den wesentlichen Punkten mit denjenigen der Motion decken. Erfüllt ist das Anliegen der Motion sodann auch bezüglich der Überprüfung des bestehenden Leistungskatalogs, welche eine gesetzlich vorgeschriebene Daueraufgabe ist und in der Praxis auch laufend vorgenommen wird.

Ein positiv formulierter Leistungskatalog auch für die ärztlichen Leistungen lehnt der Bundesrat als nicht zielgerecht ab. Der Bundesrat hat nämlich an seiner Klausursitzung vom 22. Mai 2002 nach einer umfassenden Systemanalyse festgestellt, dass die Kostensteigerung nicht auf den Katalog der Leistungen bzw. die Leistungen als solche zurückzuführen ist. Die Hauptursache für die Kostensteigerung liegt vielmehr in der Mengenausweitung, in der ungenügenden Steuerbarkeit und im unangemessenen Einsatz der Leistungen. Diese Problematik kann jedoch nicht mit einem positiv formulierten Katalog der ärztlichen Leistungen angegangen werden.

Ein positiv formulierter Leistungskatalog wäre aber auch nicht sachgerecht, weil die ärztlichen Leistungen zu vielschichtig sind, als dass sie in einem Katalog abschliessend umschrieben werden könnten. Die Tarifstruktur von TarMed wäre als Grundlage für einen positiv formulierten Leistungskatalog kaum geeignet. Aufgrund der Weiterentwicklung der medizinischen Technik und der Therapiemöglichkeiten sowie des laufenden Erkenntnisgewinns auf dem Gebiete der Medizin wird auch diese Tarifstruktur ohne jeden Zweifel kurzfristig mit Analogiepositionen arbeiten und laufend angepasst werden müssen.

3. Der Bundesrat teilt die der Motion zugrundeliegende Einsicht, dass die Mengenausweitung zu stoppen ist und Anreize für einen wirtschaftlichen und angemessenen Einsatz der Leistungen zu setzen sind. Er hat deshalb an seiner Klausursitzung vom 22. Mai 2002 das EDI beauftragt, im Rahmen der KLV vermehrt auf eine bessere Steuerung der Leistungsmengen und der Angemessenheit der Leistungen hinzuwirken. Das EDI wird nun bereits auf den 1. Juli 2002 eine Liste von Leistungen in Kraft setzen, deren Vergütung explizit von der vorgängigen Zustimmung des Vertrauensarztes abhängig gemacht wird. Gemäss Auftrag des Bundesrates ist diese Liste laufend anzupassen und zu erweitern.

Der Bundesrat hat an seiner Klausur das EDI im Sinne eines mittelfristigen Reformschrittes zudem beauftragt, sowohl partnerschaftliche wie zwingende Ansätze zur Steuerung der Leistungsmengen und Beurteilung der Angemessenheit der Leistungen weiterzuverfolgen. Erste Massnahmen wie etwa die Erarbeitung eines Projektes zur systematischen Dokumentation und Evaluation von bestehenden und neuen Leistungen oder die Ausarbeitung von Expertensystemen und Guidelines sind vom EDI bereits in die Wege geleitet worden. Weitere Massnahmen wie etwa die Schaffung einer Rechtsgrundlage für die Einführung einer \"carte de santé\" sollen im Rahmen der laufenden Teilrevision des KVG umgesetzt werden.

Ziel dieser Instrumente ist die Unterstützung des behandelnden Arztes in der Diagnosestellung und hinsichtlich der Wahl der medizinisch notwendigen Therapieform sowie der möglichen Alternativen. In der Regel ist die Leistung im Einzelfall bei richtiger Diagnose sehr wohl angemessen und meist auch kosteneffektiv. Dieselbe Leistung übersteigt hingegen das medizinisch Notwendige (oder hat im Extremfall \"Konsumcharakter\"), wenn sie vom Krankheitsverlauf her zu früh, von der Diagnose her übermässig oder vom Krankheitsbild her unangemessen erbracht wird. Ob eine solche Leistung zu früh, übermässig oder medizinisch unangemessen erbracht wird, ist nach medizinischen Kriterien zu beurteilen. Das Urteil kann je nach Einzelfall unterschiedlich ausfallen. In der medizinischen Literatur wird diese Frage dem Problemkreis der Angemessenheit (\"appropriateness\") von Leistungen zugeordnet. Ausserdem müssen im Zusammenhang mit diesen Arbeiten für Leistungserbringer finanzielle Anreize entwickelt werden, mit denen das Leistungsvolumen beeinflusst werden kann.

4. Aufgrund der vorstehenden Ausführungen lehnt der Bundesrat die Motion ab. Im Hinblick auf die erteilten Aufträge zur Umsetzung, Prüfung und Weiterentwicklung von Massnahmen zur besseren Steuerung der Leistungen und zur Sicherstellung eines angemessenen Einsatzes der Leistungen kann die Motion aber als Postulat angenommen werden.

Der Bundesrat beantragt, die Motion in ein Postulat umzuwandeln.",33977,"20023122_1","Titel des Geschäftes",33979,"20023122_5","Eingereichter Text","

Der Bundesrat wird aufgefordert, folgende Änderungen im Bundesgesetz über die Krankenversicherung vorzunehmen:

1. Vorschlag für einen positiv formulierten Leistungskatalog der Grundversicherung. Die Auswahl erfolgt in Analogie zum TarMed und unter Berücksichtigung der unter Ziffer 3 genannten Kriterien.

2. Die von Gesuchstellern neu beantragten Leistungen werden nur in den Leistungskatalog aufgenommen, wenn hinreichend dargelegt wurde, dass die Zusatznutzen der betreffenden Leistung erwiesen sind.

3. Überprüfung des Leistungskataloges. Die Zulassungsbehörde achtet insbesondere bei neuen Leistungen darauf, dass diese nicht von der Grundversicherung übernommen werden, wenn sie:

a. sich nicht unmittelbar auf Therapie und Behandlung von Krankheiten beziehen;

b. über das medizinisch Notwendige hinausgehen;

c. Konsumcharakter haben;

d. sich auf geringfügige Gesundheitsstörungen beziehen;

e. eine grosse Preiselastizität der Nachfrage aufweisen;

f. wenig kosten und so das Haushaltsbudget nicht überlasten können.

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options","sort_begin_date","Start","sort_end_date","End","sort_name","Name","facet_all","All","facet_yes","facet_no","facet_payment","Compensation","facet_body","facet_date_from","From","facet_date_to","To","sort_voting_date","Date","sort_voting_title","Title","facet_vote","Vote","vote_yes","vote_no","vote_abstention","Abstention","sort_date_start","Speech date","sort_date_end","End date","facet_has_video","With video","sort_begin","sort_end","sort_group_name","sort_active","facet_type","Type","facet_active","facet_party","facet_group","facet_gender","facet_chamber","Chamber","chamber_both","Both","facet_deceased","Deceased","sort_firstname","First name","people_title","no_people","No people found.","controls_per_page","Per page","facet_country","Country","facet_electoral_district","country_che","Switzerland","country_lie","Liechtenstein","also_active_in","controls_search_placeholder_people","Search people…","controls_search_placeholder_alignment","Search members…","controls_search_placeholder_memberships","Search memberships…","controls_search_placeholder_interests","Search interests…","controls_search_placeholder_organizations","Search organizations…","controls_search_placeholder_votes","Search votes…","controls_search_placeholder_access_badges","Search access badges…","controls_search_placeholder_contributors","Search contributions…","controls_search_placeholder_speeches","Search speeches…","controls_search_hint_people","Searches names, place and postcode.","controls_search_hint_groups","Searches name, abbreviation and description.","controls_search_placeholder_groups","Search committees & groups…","controls_search_hint_organizations","Searches the organization name.","controls_search_hint_agendas","Searches title, description, number and category.","controls_search_placeholder_agendas","Search agenda items…","controls_search_hint_alignment","Searches the name of the compared member.","controls_search_hint_memberships","Searches group/body name, function and membership type.","controls_search_hint_interests","Searches organisation name, function and parliamentary group.","controls_search_hint_votes","Searches the voting title and the affair title.","controls_search_hint_access_badges","Searches guests' name and organisation.","controls_search_hint_contributors","Searches the affair title.","controls_search_hint_speeches","Searches the speech text.","controls_sort_status","Sorted by {field}, {direction}","sort_affair_date","Affair date","sort_role","Role","sort_affair_type","Affair type","sort_affair_number","Affair number","sort_valid_from","Valid from","sort_valid_to","Valid until","sort_version","facet_latest","Latest","gender_f","Female","gender_m","Male","gender_d","Diverse","lang_de","German","lang_fr","French","lang_it","Italian","lang_rm","Romansh","lang_en","English","lang_es","Spanish","bodies_title","affairs_title","no_bodies","No institutions found.","facet_has_parliament","With parliament","sort_canton","Canton","sort_position","Order","sort_population","Population","controls_search_placeholder_bodies","Search institutions…","controls_search_hint_bodies","Searches name, canton and key.","body_population","Residents","body_seats","Seats","controls_no_results","No matches for your search.","controls_filter_search","controls_loading","Loading results…","body_section_profile","Profile","body_has_parliament","Has parliament","body_languages","Languages","body_seats_legislative","Seats (legislative)","body_executive","Executive","body_seats_executive","Seats (executive)","body_consultations","Consultations","body_elections_votings","Elections & votings","body_flag","Flag","body_key_label","Body key","body_source_lang","Source language","body_people_directory_title","All people of this institution","body_composition_title","Current composition","body_chambers_title","Chambers","body_votings_title","no_votings","No recorded votings.","controls_search_placeholder_votings","Search votings…","controls_search_hint_votings","body_affairs_title","no_affairs","No recorded affairs.","affair_untitled","Untitled affair","affair_long_title","Full title","affair_number","Number","affair_official_record","affair_external_id","External ID","affair_agenda_section","Agenda items","controls_search_placeholder_affairs","Search affairs…","controls_search_hint_affairs","Searches affair title and affair number.","sort_affair_title","facet_state","State","view_all_votings","View all votings","view_all_affairs","View all affairs","external_link","External link","docs_title","docs_loading","Searching documents…","section_docs","no_docs","No documents.","view_all_docs","View all documents","controls_search_placeholder_docs","Search documents…","controls_search_hint_docs","Searches name and category.","facet_category","Category","facet_format","Format","facet_lang","facet_case","Case sensitive","facet_word","Whole word","facet_match_on","facet_match_off","section_events","no_events","No recorded events.","view_all_events","View full timeline","controls_search_placeholder_events","Search events…","controls_search_hint_events","Searches title, actor and details.","facet_actor_type","Actor type","event_untitled","Event","texts_title","texts_loading","Searching texts…","section_texts","no_texts","No texts.","view_all_texts","View all texts","controls_search_placeholder_texts","Search texts…","controls_search_hint_texts","Searches type and body text.","sort_type","text_untitled","Text","facet_position_country","facet_position_canton","facet_position_city","City","facet_position_commune","Commune","facet_position_other","Other","votings_title","voting_result_section","voting_decision","Decision","voting_meaning_yes","A yes means","voting_meaning_no","A no means","voting_affair","voting_chart_title","How they voted","voting_chart_alt","Seat map of {count} members, coloured by {mode}. {summary}","voting_table_alt","Table of how {count} members voted, one row per member, with their party and parliamentary group.","chart_export","chart_export_title","Export chart","chart_export_failed","Export failed.","chart_exporting","Exporting…","chart_download","Download","chart_close","chart_fullscreen","Fullscreen","chart_title","chart_title_ph","Optional title","chart_subtitle","Subtitle","chart_subtitle_ph","Optional subtitle","chart_colors","Colours & labels","chart_color_for","Colour for","chart_label_for","Label for","chart_reset","chart_order","chart_output","Output","chart_format","chart_theme","Theme","chart_theme_light","Light","chart_theme_dark","Dark","chart_size","Size","chart_options","Options","chart_show_legend","Show legend","chart_transparent","Transparent background","chart_interactive","Interactive","chart_credits","Credit","voting_chart_no_votes","No votes recorded.","voting_chart_seats","seats","voting_chart_no_seatmap","No seat data available.","voting_chart_col_person","Person","voting_chart_col_party","voting_chart_col_group","voting_chart_col_vote","voting_chart_by_party","Vote by party","voting_chart_by_party_seats","Seats by party","voting_chart_colour_by","Colour seats by","voting_chart_majority","Majority","voting_chart_edit","Edit & export","voting_chart_seat_note","Seat positions are illustrative, not the real chamber layout. Open the editor to rearrange the colours, labels and order, and export.","speeches_title","speeches_loading","Searching speeches…","speech_person","Speaker","speech_body","Institution","speech_affair","speech_meeting","groups_title","no_groups","No groups found.","group_untitled","Untitled group","section_meetings","no_meetings","No recorded meetings.","view_all_meetings","View all meetings","meetings_title","meeting_untitled","meeting_upcoming","Upcoming","facet_time","When","facet_upcoming","facet_past","Past","group_abbreviation","Abbreviation","group_description","Description","group_official_record","Official page","group_contact","member_unknown","section_votings","interests_title","interest_details","Details","interest_person","Declared by","interest_body","Granting body","interest_role","interest_type","interest_group","interest_place","Place","interest_period","Period","meeting_details","meeting_type","meeting_state","meeting_number","meeting_location","Location","meeting_period","meeting_group","meeting_body","group_type","description","controls_search_placeholder_meetings","Search meetings …","controls_search_hint_meetings","Name, location or description","section_agendas","no_agendas","No agenda items.","view_all_agendas","View all agenda items","agenda_untitled","speech_speaker_unknown","video","doc_untitled","Document","doc_body","doc_affair","doc_meeting","doc_agenda","section_contributors","Contributors","no_contributors","No contributors.","view_all_contributors","View all contributors","sort_number","topics_title","Most-used words","topics_intro","The words this person uses most across their speeches, with common filler words removed. Tile size shows how often a word is used.","topics_all_time","All time","topics_last_4y","Last 4 years","topics_last_8y","Last 8 years","topics_from","topics_to","topics_speeches","speeches","topics_words","words (filtered)","topics_distinct","distinct words","topics_uses","uses","topics_alt","Treemap of the {count} most-used words, sized by how often each is used. {ctx}","topics_table_alt","Table of the {count} most-used words and how often each is used. {ctx}","topics_table_toggle","Show as table","topics_table_word","Word","topics_empty","No speeches with usable text in this period. Try widening the range.","loyalty_title","Party loyalty","loyalty_subtitle","Share of a member's votes cast against their group's majority line (higher = more independent). Abstentions count as a position.","loyalty_axis","Dissent rate: share of votes against own group","loyalty_dissent","dissent","loyalty_ballots","votes","loyalty_empty","No votes in this period meet the thresholds for a loyalty score. Widen the range.","loyalty_chart_alt","Beeswarm plot of the dissent rate of {count} members, one dot per member, coloured by party. {ctx}","loyalty_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their votes, dissents and dissent rate. {ctx}","loyalty_col_member","loyalty_col_party","loyalty_col_group","loyalty_col_ballots","loyalty_col_dissents","Against","loyalty_col_rate","Dissent","loyalty_from","loyalty_to","loyalty_scale","Scale","loyalty_scale_log","Log","loyalty_scale_linear","Linear","loyalty_filters","Filters","cohesion_title","Group cohesion","cohesion_hint","mean Agreement Index (1 = unanimous)","section_alignment","Voting alignment","no_alignment","Not enough shared votes to compare.","view_all_alignment","View full alignment","alignment_agreed_of_shared","agreed on {agreed} of {shared} shared votes","sort_agreement","Agreement","sort_shared","Shared votes","facet_min_shared","Min. shared","min_shared_10","≥ 10","min_shared_20","≥ 20","min_shared_50","≥ 50","min_shared_100","≥ 100","section_body_alignment","body_alignment_subtitle","How members of this chamber vote relative to one another, from the votes they have in common. In the map, members who vote alike sit close together and opponents far apart. Colours are parties, so blocs and coalitions show up as clusters. The grid gives the average agreement between each pair of parties (the diagonal is each party's own internal cohesion).","alignment_from","alignment_to","alignment_view","View","alignment_view_scatter","Map","alignment_view_heatmap","Party grid","alignment_empty","Not enough votes in this window to build the model.","alignment_window_note","Most meaningful within a single legislative period: the model compares members from the votes they have in common. If the window spans an election or a change in composition, members with different terms barely overlap and positions become less comparable.","alignment_no_parties","No party groups to compare in this window.","alignment_scatter_alt","Scatter plot of {count} members placed by how similarly they voted, coloured by party. {ctx}","alignment_pairs","pairs","alignment_heatmap_note","Each cell is the average agreement between members of the two parties (diagonal = a party's internal cohesion). ± is the 95% confidence range and n the number of member-pairs behind it. A small range over many pairs means the alignment is well-established; a wide range means it's only suggestive.","alignment_heatmap_alt","Grid of the average voting agreement between {count} parties. {ctx}","alignment_members_heading","Members","alignment_members_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their agreement with the chamber and with their own party. {ctx}","alignment_col_member","alignment_col_party","alignment_col_votes","alignment_col_chamber","Aligns with chamber","alignment_col_party_align","Within party","alignment_zoom_in","Zoom in","alignment_zoom_out","Zoom out","alignment_zoom_reset","Reset zoom","alignment_filters","section_lobby","Lobby network","lobby_subtitle","The organizations members of this chamber declare in their register of interests, and where those ties overlap. In the network, members are dots (coloured by party) and organizations shared by two or more members are squares. Members who share the same organizations pull together. The breakdown shows how many mandates are paid versus unpaid, and who holds the most.","lobby_empty","No declared interests for this chamber in this window.","lobby_no_shared","No organizations are shared by two or more members here. See the breakdown.","lobby_network_alt","Network graph of {members} members and the {orgs} organizations they share, linked by declared interests. {ctx}","lobby_mandates","mandates","lobby_members_tied","members","lobby_unknown","Unknown","lobby_org_node","Organization","lobby_payment_heading","Paid vs unpaid mandates","lobby_top_orgs","Most-shared organizations","lobby_top_members","Members by mandates","discussion_title","Speech profiles","discussion_intro","Where members sit on a latent axis derived purely from the words they use in their speeches (Wordfish scaling).","discussion_calculating","Scaling speeches…","lobby_calculating","Computing lobby network…","discussion_error","The speech scaling could not be computed.","discussion_converged","Model converged","discussion_not_converged","Model did not fully converge. Read positions with extra caution.","discussion_members_scored","Members scored","discussion_vocab","Vocabulary","discussion_window","Window","discussion_show_all","discussion_show_reliable","Reliable only","discussion_methodology","How this is computed","discussion_range_label","Time range","discussion_range_1y","1 year","discussion_range_2y","2 years","discussion_range_4y","4 years","discussion_range_8y","8 years","discussion_plot_alt","Beeswarm plot of {count} members placed along a word-choice axis, one dot per member. {ctx}","discussion_plot_caption","Each dot is one member, placed by the words they use in their speeches. Members who reach for the same distinctive words sit close together; members who talk very differently sit far apart. So a member's spot isn't assigned by us; it comes out of how they actually speak. For example, someone who keeps saying “tax”, “budget” and “spending” lands far from someone who mostly says “asylum”, “border” and “integration”. Hover any dot for its details. Filled dots have enough speech to place reliably; hollow rings spoke too little, so read their position with caution.","discussion_empty","No speeches are available for this parliament, so its members can't be placed on the axis. This scaling reads the words members actually speak, and the data set only holds speech transcripts for a few parliaments: the federal chambers and a handful of cantons such as Bern, Basel-Stadt or St. Gallen. You can also try a longer time range above.","discussion_empty_sparse","There is too little speech transcript text for this parliament to place its members on the axis. Try a longer time range above.","discussion_pole_a","One pole","discussion_pole_b","Other pole","discussion_col_party","discussion_key_filled","Enough text (reliable)","discussion_key_ring","Below the word floor (low confidence)","discussion_align_title","Does the axis track party?","discussion_align_hint","How much of the spread in positions is explained by party membership (η²): 100% = parties are perfectly separated, ~0% = party tells you nothing.","discussion_align_strong","parties are clearly separated","discussion_align_moderate","parties are partly separated","discussion_align_weak","party barely explains the axis","discussion_poles_title","What the axis is made of","discussion_poles_hint","The words that most pull members towards each pole. The axis only means something once you read these. Its direction is arbitrary.","discussion_no_party","No party","discussion_col_name","discussion_col_position","Position","discussion_col_words","Words","discussion_col_speeches","discussion_low_confidence","low confidence","discussion_table_title","discussion_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their position on the word-choice axis. {ctx}","discussion_read_title","How to read this","discussion_read_direction","The axis direction is arbitrary: Wordfish finds the split, not which side is “left” or “right”. Read the word poles to see what each side means.","discussion_read_uncertainty","Positions are standardized, so the spread is a convention, not a real distance. Wider error bars (and hollow dots) mean less certainty, so don't over-read those members.","discussion_read_confound","Speech style reflects role as much as ideology: committee chairs, ministers and frequent speakers can land at a pole because of what they do, not only what they believe.","organizations_title","organizations_none","No organizations.","org_members","org_mandates","org_bodies","org_members_heading","org_members_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their party, body, role, payment and period. {ctx}","org_no_members","No members.","org_col_member","org_col_party","org_col_body","org_col_role","org_col_payment","Payment","org_col_period","sort_members","sort_mandates","Mandates","interest_unknown","lobby_panel_person","Declared organizations","lobby_panel_org","Members with this mandate","lobby_table_heading","Who is tied to what","lobby_table_explain","The full matrix marks every member against every shared organization: one dot per declared tie, the exhaustive view of who is tied to what.","lobby_table_large","For this chamber that is","lobby_table_cells","cells","lobby_table_show","Show table","lobby_table_alt","Table marking each of {count} members against the {orgs} organizations they are tied to, one dot per declared tie. {ctx}","lobby_select_hint","Select a member or organization to see its ties.","lobby_filters","lobby_error","The lobby network could not be computed.","lobby_clear_selection","Clear selection","close","not_found_person","Person not found","not_found_body","Parliament not found","not_found_affair","Affair not found","not_found_group","Committee or group not found","not_found_voting","Voting not found","not_found_meeting","Meeting not found","not_found_interest","Interest not found","not_found_organization","Organization not found","not_found_text","Text not found","not_found_doc","Document not found","not_found_speech","Speech not found","not_found_hint","There is no entry with the ID {id}. It may have been removed, or the link may be outdated.","not_found_back","Back to the overview","about","About","faq","FAQ","section_title","section_title_bodies","section_title_affairs","section_title_votings","section_title_texts","section_title_docs","section_subtitle_search","section_subtitle_discussion",{"_1639":1640,"_1656":822,"_1657":1658,"_1659":1660,"_1661":1009,"_1340":582,"_1314":382,"_78":586,"_1662":589,"_1645":392,"_1663":1664,"_1665":793,"_1447":342,"_74":352,"_1642":494,"_19":362,"_76":592,"_81":372,"_1666":1119,"_1667":1253,"_1668":1289,"_1669":1253,"_1670":1671,"_1672":1253,"_1673":1674,"_1675":582,"_1676":761,"_1677":1253,"_1678":1660,"_1679":586,"_1646":461,"_1680":1681,"_1252":1253,"_1682":699,"_1265":1253,"_72":597,"_1683":1475,"_1684":1332,"_1685":1370,"_1686":1664,"_1687":1459,"_1647":402,"_1688":1451,"_1689":1253},"section_switcher",{"_1637":1638,"_1639":1640,"_1641":342,"_70":538,"_74":352,"_1642":494,"_1643":428,"_1314":382,"_81":372,"_1644":362,"_1645":392,"_1646":461,"_1647":402,"_1648":1649,"_1650":1651,"_1652":1653,"_1654":1655},"section_title_speeches","section_title_groups","section_title_interests","section_title_meetings","section_title_organizations","label_section","Section","home","Home","people","affairs","groups","documents","interests","meetings","organizations","group_parliament","Actors","group_proceedings","Proceedings","group_records","Records","group_lobbying","Lobbying","search","eyebrow","Data on {{name}}","overview","Overview","personal_data","memberships","access_badges","Lobby","images","texts_overview","text_details","docs_overview","doc_details","votings_overview","Voting","voting_details","voting_diagram","Diagram","voting_tally","speeches_overview","speech_details","groups_overview","contributions","interests_overview","Interest","meetings_overview","vocabulary","loyalty","alignment","lobby","discussion","organizations_overview","org_details",{"_1747":1748,"_1749":1750,"_1691":1751,"_293":1752},"intro",{"_1693":1694,"_1695":1696,"_1697":1698,"_1699":1700,"_1701":1702,"_1703":1704,"_1705":1706},"en",{"_1707":1742,"_1709":1743,"_1711":1744,"_1713":1745,"_1715":1746},"de",{"_1707":1737,"_1709":1738,"_1711":1739,"_1713":1740,"_1715":1741},"fr",{"_1707":1732,"_1709":1733,"_1711":1734,"_1713":1735,"_1715":1736},"it",{"_1707":1727,"_1709":1728,"_1711":1729,"_1713":1730,"_1715":1731},"es",{"_1707":1722,"_1709":1723,"_1711":1724,"_1713":1725,"_1715":1726},"pt",{"_1707":1717,"_1709":1718,"_1711":1719,"_1713":1720,"_1715":1721},"rm",{"_1707":1708,"_1709":1710,"_1711":1712,"_1713":1714,"_1715":1716},"cookie","Nus duvrain mo cookies essenzials e funcziunals. Nagina analitica, nagin tracking.","dataLang","La Svizra ha quatter linguas naziunalas, e questas datas datti en pliras da quellas. Intgins records èn plurilings, auters mo en ina lingua. Vus pudais tscherner en tge lingua ch'il cuntegn vegn mussà; sche vossa tscherna n'è betg disponibla per in record, vegnan duvradas las autras linguas en in urden da prioritad fix. Quai è independent da la lingua da l'interfatscha. As lascha reglar sut Configuraziuns › Lingua dal cuntegn (sura a dretga).","alt","Questa pagina è era disponibla per rumantsch.","switch","Mussar per rumantsch","dismiss","Betg pli mussar","Utilizamos apenas cookies essenciais e funcionais. Sem análises, sem rastreio.","A Suíça tem quatro línguas nacionais, e estes dados existem em várias delas. Alguns registos estão em várias línguas, outros apenas numa. Pode escolher em que idioma os conteúdos são apresentados; quando a sua escolha não está disponível para um registo, as restantes línguas são usadas por uma ordem de prioridade fixa. Isto é independente do idioma da interface. Configure em Definições › Idioma dos conteúdos (canto superior direito).","Esta página também está disponível em português.","Ver em português","Não mostrar novamente","Solo utilizamos cookies esenciales y funcionales. Sin análisis, sin seguimiento.","Suiza tiene cuatro lenguas nacionales, y estos datos existen en varias de ellas. Algunos registros están en varias lenguas, otros en una sola. Puede elegir en qué idioma se muestra el contenido; cuando su elección no está disponible para un registro, se utilizan las demás lenguas en un orden de prioridad fijo. Esto es independiente del idioma de la interfaz. Configúrelo en Ajustes › Idioma del contenido (arriba a la derecha).","Esta página también está disponible en español.","Ver en español","No volver a mostrar","Utilizziamo solo cookie essenziali e funzionali. Nessuna analisi, nessun tracciamento.","La Svizzera ha quattro lingue nazionali e questi dati esistono in diverse di esse. Alcune voci sono in più lingue, altre in una sola. Puoi scegliere in quale lingua mostrare i contenuti; se la tua scelta non è disponibile per una voce, vengono usate le altre lingue secondo un ordine di priorità prestabilito. Questo è indipendente dalla lingua dell'interfaccia. Impostabile in Impostazioni › Lingua del contenuto (in alto a destra).","Questa pagina è disponibile anche in italiano.","Vedi in italiano","Non mostrare più","Nous utilisons uniquement des cookies essentiels et fonctionnels. Aucune analyse, aucun suivi.","La Suisse a quatre langues nationales, et ces données existent dans plusieurs d'entre elles. Certaines entrées sont en plusieurs langues, d'autres dans une seule. Vous pouvez choisir la langue d'affichage du contenu ; si votre choix n'est pas disponible pour une entrée, les autres langues sont utilisées selon un ordre de priorité défini. Ceci est indépendant de la langue de l'interface. Réglable dans Paramètres › Langue du contenu (en haut à droite).","Cette page est aussi disponible en français.","Voir en français","Ne plus afficher","Wir verwenden nur essenzielle, funktionale Cookies. Keine Analyse, kein Tracking.","Die Schweiz hat vier Landessprachen, und diese Daten liegen in mehreren davon vor. Manche Einträge sind mehrsprachig, andere nur in einer Sprache. Sie können wählen, in welcher Sprache die Inhalte angezeigt werden; ist Ihre Wahl für einen Eintrag nicht verfügbar, werden die übrigen Sprachen in einer festen Prioritätsreihenfolge verwendet. Dies ist unabhängig von der Oberflächensprache. Einstellbar unter Einstellungen › Inhaltssprache (oben rechts).","Diese Seite ist auch auf Deutsch verfügbar.","Auf Deutsch anzeigen","Nicht mehr anzeigen","We use only essential, functional cookies. No analytics, no tracking.","Switzerland has four national languages, and this data comes in several of them. Some records are in multiple languages, some in only one. You can choose which language the content is shown in; when your choice isn't available for a record, the remaining languages are used in a set priority order. This is independent of the interface language. Set it under Settings › Content language (top right).","This page is also available in English.","View in English","Don't show again","settings",{"_1815":1816,"_1817":1818,"_1819":1174,"_1820":1821,"_1822":1176,"_1823":1178,"_1824":1825,"_1826":1827,"_1828":1829,"_1830":1831,"_1832":1833,"_647":648,"_1834":1835,"_1836":1837,"_1838":1839,"_1840":1841,"_1842":1843},"nav",{"_1639":1761,"_1762":1763,"_1764":697,"_1765":1766,"_1767":1768,"_1648":1649,"_1650":1651,"_1652":1653,"_1654":1655,"_1641":342,"_70":538,"_1643":428,"_1642":494,"_74":352,"_1646":461,"_1314":382,"_81":372,"_1644":362,"_1645":392,"_1647":402,"_1769":1754,"_1770":1771,"_1617":1618,"_1772":1773,"_1619":1620,"_1774":1775,"_1776":1777,"_1778":1779,"_1780":1781,"_1782":1783,"_1784":1785,"_1786":1787,"_1788":1789,"_1790":1791,"_1792":1793,"_1794":1795,"_1796":1797,"_1798":1799,"_1800":1801,"_1802":1803,"_1804":1805,"_1806":1807,"_1808":1758,"_1809":1810,"_1811":1812,"_1813":1814},{"_1707":1742,"_1709":1743,"_1711":1744,"_1713":1745,"_1715":1746},{"_1753":1754,"_1755":1756,"_1757":1758,"_1759":1760},"project.title","Project","project.desc","About parlhub: what the portal is, answers to common questions, and how the data fits together.","experiments.title","Experiments","experiments.desc","Experimental analyses and methodology showcases on parlhub, including the Wordfish scaling of parliaments from their speeches.","parlhub home","skip_to_content","Skip to main content","explore","start","Start here","start_desc","Quicklinks to chambers, cantons and communes","project","project_desc","The project at a glance","about_desc","What parlhub is and who is behind it","faq_desc","Answers to common questions","sustainability","Sustainability","sustainability_desc","How parlhub is hosted and what it costs the planet","accessibility","Accessibility","accessibility_desc","What works, what doesn't, and how to report a barrier","traffic_stats","Traffic statistics","traffic_stats_desc","Which parts of the site get requested, and by whom","imprint","Imprint","imprint_desc","Who runs parlhub, contact, and the licenses","github","GitHub","github_desc","The project's source code on GitHub","data_guide","Data guide","data_guide_desc","Every kind of data, in plain terms, with examples","data_map","Data map","data_map_desc","How the data fits together, at a glance","methodology","Methodology","methodology_desc","How each figure is calculated, with links to the code","experiments","experiments_desc","Experimental analyses and methodology write-ups","wordfish","Wordfish scaling","wordfish_desc","Placing members on an axis by the words in their speeches","menu_label","Settings","appearance","Appearance","theme","theme_system","System","theme_light","theme_dark","font_size","Font size","font_size_decrease","Decrease font size","font_size_increase","Increase font size","high_contrast","High contrast","grayscale","Grayscale","interface_language","Interface","content_language","Content language","content_language_auto","Auto (follow interface)","content_language_note","Language of the displayed data (names, titles, texts). Independent of the interface; when a record isn't available, the next language is used.","content_language_priority","Priority",{"_1819":1845,"_1824":1846,"_1847":218,"_1848":202,"_1849":202,"_1850":218,"_1851":-5},"system",100,"show_cookie_consent_message","ui_high_contrast","ui_grayscale","msg_lang_hint","content_lang"]