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Gemäss dem Schwerverkehrsabgabegesetz (SR 641.81; Art. 6) kann die LSVA in Abhängigkeit vom Energieverbrauch und von den Schadstoffemissionen erhoben werden. Näher umschrieben werden die einzelnen Abgabensätze in der Schwerverkehrsabgabeverordnung (SR 641.811; Art. 14), die insgesamt zwischen drei verschieden teuren Tarifkategorien unterscheidet und auch die Zuteilung der Fahrzeugtypen regelt. Kriterium dafür sind die sogenannten Euro-Normen 0 bis 5, d. h. die Schadstoffklassen der Lastwagen. Derzeit gehören die Euro-Normen 0, 1 und 2 in die teuerste und die Euro-Normen 3, 4 und 5 in die billigste Kategorie. Gemäss den Vorgaben im Landverkehrsabkommen (SR 0.740.72; Art. 40) hat der Gemischte Ausschuss Schweiz/EU jedoch das Recht, den Durchschnitt der LSVA-Tarife und damit die Zuteilung der Euro-Normen anzupassen.

Dabei droht jedoch die Gefahr, dass Abklassierungen, d. h. die Versetzung von Euro-Normen in eine teurere Abgabekategorie, entgegen dem anfänglichen Ziel der LSVA nicht aus umwelt-, sondern primär aus finanzpolitischen Überlegungen vorgenommen werden. Mit der beschlossenen LSVA-Erhöhung per 1. Januar 2008 z. B. soll die Euro-Norm 3 bereits 2009 in die mittlere Klasse zurückgestuft werden, obwohl diese modernen Fahrzeuge teilweise erst zwei Jahre alt sind! Aus Gründen der Investitionssicherheit muss die Wirtschaft und das Transportgewerbe allerdings zwingend die Gewissheit haben, dass ein neu angeschafftes Fahrzeug mindestens für die nächsten zehn Jahre in der besten Abgabekategorie verbleibt. Nur so können die Kosten für Anschaffung, Unterhalt und Amortisation langfristig verlässlich kalkuliert werden. Eine willkürliche Abklassierung hingegen, die nicht vorhersehbar ist, kommt einer Enteignung gleich, da die höhere LSVA sofort den Aufwand steigert und die Investition vor allem enorm an Wert verliert.

Für eine Planung, die auf festen Grundlagen ruht, braucht es deshalb eine klare gesetzliche Regelung, unter welchen Voraussetzung und vor allem in welchem Rhythmus künftig Abklassierung stattfinden dürfen. Finanzpolitische Gründe sind dabei nicht zulässig; als minimaler Zeitraum sind mindestens zehn Jahre vorzusehen.

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Der Bundesrat wird aufgefordert, mit einer gesetzlichen Regelung (Schwerverkehrsabgabegesetz, Schwerverkehrsabgabeverordnung) zu gewährleisten, dass Fahrzeuge für mindestens zehn Jahre in der billigsten Abgabekategorie eingeteilt bleiben und dass die Tarifierung längerfristig absehbar ist.

",62335,"20083264_14","Antwort BR / Büro","

Die Grundidee der leistungsabhängigen Schwerverkehrsabgabe (LSVA) ist, die langfristige Deckung der vom Schwerverkehr der Allgemeinheit verursachten Kosten sicherzustellen, falls diese Kosten nicht durch andere Leistungen oder Abgaben gedeckt sind (Art. 85 der Bundesverfassung). Um dies zu erreichen, hat der Bundesrat die Tarife in Abhängigkeit der gefahrenen Kilometer, des maximal zulässigen Gesamtgewichts und der Emissionsklasse (Euro 0 bis Euro 5) festgelegt. Im Landverkehrsabkommen mit der Europäischen Gemeinschaft vom 21. Juni 1999 ist gestützt darauf der durchschnittliche Preis für die Strecke Basel-Chiasso festgelegt. Die Einteilung der Emissionsklassen in die drei LSVA-Satzkategorien wird regelmässig an die Entwicklung der Fahrzeugflotte angepasst. Die Einteilung der Fahrzeuge und die Höhe der Sätze pro Abgabekategorie werden so festgesetzt, dass der Einsatz der ökologisch besten Fahrzeuge gefördert wird. Die Sätze der günstigsten und der teuersten Kategorie dürfen gemäss Landverkehrsabkommen maximal 15 Prozent unter bzw. 15 Prozent über der mittleren Kategorie liegen.

Der Vorschlag des Motionärs, neu angeschaffte Fahrzeuge während einem Zeitraum von zehn Jahren in der günstigsten Abgabekategorie zu belassen, würde die ökologischen Anreize abschwächen. Diese Massnahme hätte nämlich zur Folge, dass die Mehrheit der Lastwagenflotte auf lange Sicht in der günstigsten Kategorie verbleiben würde. Bereits heute werden wegen des Verzichts auf die Abklassierung der Euro-3-Fahrzeuge auf 1. Januar 2008 über 84 Prozent aller Fahrzeugkilometer von Fahrzeugen der günstigsten LSVA-Kategorie erbracht. Preisliche Anreize, auf Euro-4- oder -5-Fahrzeuge zu wechseln, bestehen somit vor allem noch bei den verbleibenden 16 Prozent der Fahrzeuge, die den Euro-Klassen 0 bis 2 angehören.

Jegliche Anpassungen im Sinne des Motionärs müssten mit der EU ausgehandelt werden. Gemäss Artikel 40 Absatz 6 des Landverkehrsabkommens legt der Gemischte Ausschuss Landverkehr die Einteilung der Fahrzeuge gemäss Entwicklung der Euro-Norm-Kategorien und des Fahrzeugparks in die jeweilige LSVA-Kategorie fest. Die Fahrzeuganteile je LSVA-Kategorie müssen alle zwei Jahre überprüft werden. Falls nötig, muss die Einteilung der Fahrzeugkategorien angepasst werden. Nach der Anpassung der Sätze auf Anfang 2008 ist die nächste Überprüfung für Anfang 2010 vorgesehen. Der Vorschlag des Motionärs fixiert die Einteilung der Fahrzeuge für mindestens zehn Jahre in der günstigsten Kategorie und widerspricht aufgrund der Entwicklung des Fahrzeugparks und der Euro-Norm-Kategorien Artikel 40 Absatz 6 des Landverkehrsabkommens.

Der Bundesrat hat sich bereits mit mehreren Vorstössen zu diesem Thema befasst (Motion Müri 06.3678; Postulat Rime 06.3724; Interpellation Büchler 06.3677). Zum Thema Planungssicherheit hat sich der Bundesrat bereits in seiner Antwort auf die Motion Müri 06.3678 und die Interpellation Büchler 06.3677 geäussert. Trotzdem prüfte der Bundesrat zwei Möglichkeiten, um das Strassentransportgewerbe zu entlasten:

1. Verbleib der Euro-3-Fahrzeuge in der billigsten Abgabeklasse der LSVA bis 2010 oder 2011. Der Bundesrat verzichtet jedoch auf diese Massnahme, weil sie den Anreiz zur raschen Erneuerung der Fahrzeugflotte schwächen würde und mit der Europäischen Gemeinschaft neu ausgehandelt werden müsste. Aufgrund der Entwicklung der Fahrzeugflotte und der Euro-Normen steht die fixe Einteilung der Euro-3-Fahrzeuge in die billigste Abgabekategorie in den Jahren 2010 oder 2011 im Gegensatz zum Landverkehrsabkommen. Wie oben erwähnt, ist die Neubeurteilung bzw. Anpassung der Sätze auf Anfang 2010 vorgesehen. Demzufolge wären vorgezogene Verhandlungen notwendig, die Zeit kosten, deren Ausgang unsicher ist und die keine kurzfristigen Erleichterungen bringen würden.

Der Bundesrat hat mit der Verschiebung der Einreihung der Euro-3-Fahrzeuge von der günstigsten in die mittlere Tarifkategorie auf 2009 den Schwierigkeiten des Strassentransportgewerbes bereits Rechnung getragen. Mit dieser Massnahme entgehen Bund und Kantonen voraussichtlich Einnahmen in der Höhe von 80 bis 100 Millionen Franken im Jahr 2008. Die Einnahmenverluste der Kantone im Rahmen des Infrastrukturfonds muss ihnen der Bund entschädigen. Sollte auf eine Abklassierung der Euro-3-Fahrzeuge bis 2011 verzichtet werden, ergäben sich zusätzliche Nettoeinnahmenausfälle, die von der Geschwindigkeit der Flottenerneuerung und dem Verkehrswachstum abhängig und im Voraus nicht exakt bezifferbar sind. Für das Jahr 2009 betragen diese mindestens 50 Millionen Franken gemäss Berechnungen der Eidgenössischen Zollverwaltung. Dies bedeutet, dass dem Bund im FinöV-Fonds deutlich weniger Geld für die Eisenbahn-Grossprojekte zur Verfügung steht und somit Verzögerungen bei den HGV-Anschlüssen eintreten könnten oder mit dem Bau von ZEB später begonnen werden könnte. Dies steht im Widerspruch zu den Forderungen des Ständerates (Gesamtschau FinöV, Behandlung im Erstrat abgeschlossen) und der Kantone, den Bau der Eisenbahnprojekte schnell voranzutreiben und die Investitionen mit einer Folgevorlage ZEB sogar noch auszuweiten.

2. Teilweise Rückerstattung des Treibstoffzuschlages für Lastwagen, die mit Partikelfiltern ausgestattet sind. Dieselfahrzeuge belasten die Luft viel stärker mit Feinstaub als herkömmliche Benzinfahrzeuge. Wenn sie mit einem Partikelfilter ausgerüstet sind, wird der Grund für den höheren Dieselzuschlag im Vergleich zum Benzin beseitigt. Es wäre möglich, den Unterschied bei den Treibstoffzuschlägen an die Lastwagen mit Partikelfiltern zurückzuerstatten. Basis dafür wären die zurückgelegten Kilometer. Aus verschiedenen Gründen verzichtet der Bundesrat auf diese Massnahme. Unter anderem wäre sie zeitaufwendig, weil ihre Realisierung eine Änderung des Mineralölsteuergesetzes (SR 641.61) voraussetzt.

Der Bundesrat hat Verständnis dafür, dass die Transporteure wegen betrieblicher und wirtschaftlicher Notwendigkeiten ein Interesse an grösstmöglicher Investitionssicherheit haben. Entsprechend hat der Bundesrat die Abklassierung der Euro-3-Fahrzeuge auf Anfang 2009 verschoben. Der LSVA-Mechanismus an sich garantiert eine gewisse Investitionssicherheit. Gemäss bisheriger Praxis bleiben neu erworbene Fahrzeuge der jeweils strengsten Euro-Norm während mindestens fünf Jahre nach Einführung der Euro-Norm in der günstigsten LSVA-Kategorie. Bereits heute wird also ein gewisses Mass Investitionssicherheit gewährleistet.

- Euro-3-Fahrzeuge sind seit 2000 im Verkehr und seit der Einführung der LSVA 2001 bis Ende 2008, d. h. während acht Jahren, in der günstigsten Kategorie.

- Euro-4-Fahrzeuge sind seit 2005 im Verkehr und bleiben mindestens bis Ende 2009, d. h. während mindestens fünf Jahren, in der günstigsten Kategorie.

- Euro-5-Fahrzeuge sind seit 2006 im Verkehr und bleiben mindestens bis Ende 2011, d. h. während mindestens sechs Jahren, in der günstigsten Kategorie.

Zu erwähnen bleibt, dass strukturelle Probleme, die durch den höheren Dieselpreis verstärkt werden, durch keine Massnahme umfassend entschärft werden können. Überdies würden solche fiskalische Entlastungen eine Ungleichbehandlung herbeiführen, die gegenüber der Schweizer Bevölkerung und anderen Wirtschaftszweigen, die ebenfalls die gestiegenen Treibstoff- und Heizölpreise tragen müssen, schwierig zu rechtfertigen wäre.

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Widen the range.","loyalty_chart_alt","Beeswarm plot of the dissent rate of {count} members, one dot per member, coloured by party. {ctx}","loyalty_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their votes, dissents and dissent rate. {ctx}","loyalty_col_member","loyalty_col_party","loyalty_col_group","loyalty_col_ballots","loyalty_col_dissents","Against","loyalty_col_rate","Dissent","loyalty_from","loyalty_to","loyalty_scale","Scale","loyalty_scale_log","Log","loyalty_scale_linear","Linear","loyalty_filters","Filters","cohesion_title","Group cohesion","cohesion_hint","mean Agreement Index (1 = unanimous)","section_alignment","Voting alignment","no_alignment","Not enough shared votes to compare.","view_all_alignment","View full alignment","alignment_agreed_of_shared","agreed on {agreed} of {shared} shared votes","sort_agreement","Agreement","sort_shared","Shared votes","facet_min_shared","Min. shared","min_shared_10","≥ 10","min_shared_20","≥ 20","min_shared_50","≥ 50","min_shared_100","≥ 100","section_body_alignment","body_alignment_subtitle","How members of this chamber vote relative to one another, from the votes they have in common. In the map, members who vote alike sit close together and opponents far apart. Colours are parties, so blocs and coalitions show up as clusters. The grid gives the average agreement between each pair of parties (the diagonal is each party's own internal cohesion).","alignment_from","alignment_to","alignment_view","View","alignment_view_scatter","Map","alignment_view_heatmap","Party grid","alignment_empty","Not enough votes in this window to build the model.","alignment_window_note","Most meaningful within a single legislative period: the model compares members from the votes they have in common. If the window spans an election or a change in composition, members with different terms barely overlap and positions become less comparable.","alignment_no_parties","No party groups to compare in this window.","alignment_scatter_alt","Scatter plot of {count} members placed by how similarly they voted, coloured by party. {ctx}","alignment_pairs","pairs","alignment_heatmap_note","Each cell is the average agreement between members of the two parties (diagonal = a party's internal cohesion). ± is the 95% confidence range and n the number of member-pairs behind it. A small range over many pairs means the alignment is well-established; a wide range means it's only suggestive.","alignment_heatmap_alt","Grid of the average voting agreement between {count} parties. {ctx}","alignment_members_heading","Members","alignment_members_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their agreement with the chamber and with their own party. {ctx}","alignment_col_member","alignment_col_party","alignment_col_votes","alignment_col_chamber","Aligns with chamber","alignment_col_party_align","Within party","alignment_zoom_in","Zoom in","alignment_zoom_out","Zoom out","alignment_zoom_reset","Reset zoom","alignment_filters","section_lobby","Lobby network","lobby_subtitle","The organizations members of this chamber declare in their register of interests, and where those ties overlap. In the network, members are dots (coloured by party) and organizations shared by two or more members are squares. Members who share the same organizations pull together. The breakdown shows how many mandates are paid versus unpaid, and who holds the most.","lobby_empty","No declared interests for this chamber in this window.","lobby_no_shared","No organizations are shared by two or more members here. See the breakdown.","lobby_network_alt","Network graph of {members} members and the {orgs} organizations they share, linked by declared interests. {ctx}","lobby_mandates","mandates","lobby_members_tied","members","lobby_unknown","Unknown","lobby_org_node","Organization","lobby_payment_heading","Paid vs unpaid mandates","lobby_top_orgs","Most-shared organizations","lobby_top_members","Members by mandates","discussion_title","Speech profiles","discussion_intro","Where members sit on a latent axis derived purely from the words they use in their speeches (Wordfish scaling).","discussion_calculating","Scaling speeches…","lobby_calculating","Computing lobby network…","discussion_error","The speech scaling could not be computed.","discussion_converged","Model converged","discussion_not_converged","Model did not fully converge. Read positions with extra caution.","discussion_members_scored","Members scored","discussion_vocab","Vocabulary","discussion_window","Window","discussion_show_all","discussion_show_reliable","Reliable only","discussion_methodology","How this is computed","discussion_range_label","Time range","discussion_range_1y","1 year","discussion_range_2y","2 years","discussion_range_4y","4 years","discussion_range_8y","8 years","discussion_plot_alt","Beeswarm plot of {count} members placed along a word-choice axis, one dot per member. {ctx}","discussion_plot_caption","Each dot is one member, placed by the words they use in their speeches. Members who reach for the same distinctive words sit close together; members who talk very differently sit far apart. So a member's spot isn't assigned by us; it comes out of how they actually speak. For example, someone who keeps saying “tax”, “budget” and “spending” lands far from someone who mostly says “asylum”, “border” and “integration”. Hover any dot for its details. Filled dots have enough speech to place reliably; hollow rings spoke too little, so read their position with caution.","discussion_empty","No speeches are available for this parliament, so its members can't be placed on the axis. This scaling reads the words members actually speak, and the data set only holds speech transcripts for a few parliaments: the federal chambers and a handful of cantons such as Bern, Basel-Stadt or St. Gallen. You can also try a longer time range above.","discussion_empty_sparse","There is too little speech transcript text for this parliament to place its members on the axis. Try a longer time range above.","discussion_pole_a","One pole","discussion_pole_b","Other pole","discussion_col_party","discussion_key_filled","Enough text (reliable)","discussion_key_ring","Below the word floor (low confidence)","discussion_align_title","Does the axis track party?","discussion_align_hint","How much of the spread in positions is explained by party membership (η²): 100% = parties are perfectly separated, ~0% = party tells you nothing.","discussion_align_strong","parties are clearly separated","discussion_align_moderate","parties are partly separated","discussion_align_weak","party barely explains the axis","discussion_poles_title","What the axis is made of","discussion_poles_hint","The words that most pull members towards each pole. The axis only means something once you read these. Its direction is arbitrary.","discussion_no_party","No party","discussion_col_name","discussion_col_position","Position","discussion_col_words","Words","discussion_col_speeches","discussion_low_confidence","low confidence","discussion_table_title","discussion_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their position on the word-choice axis. {ctx}","discussion_read_title","How to read this","discussion_read_direction","The axis direction is arbitrary: Wordfish finds the split, not which side is “left” or “right”. Read the word poles to see what each side means.","discussion_read_uncertainty","Positions are standardized, so the spread is a convention, not a real distance. Wider error bars (and hollow dots) mean less certainty, so don't over-read those members.","discussion_read_confound","Speech style reflects role as much as ideology: committee chairs, ministers and frequent speakers can land at a pole because of what they do, not only what they believe.","organizations_title","organizations_none","No organizations.","org_members","org_mandates","org_bodies","org_members_heading","org_members_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their party, body, role, payment and period. {ctx}","org_no_members","No members.","org_col_member","org_col_party","org_col_body","org_col_role","org_col_payment","Payment","org_col_period","sort_members","sort_mandates","Mandates","interest_unknown","lobby_panel_person","Declared organizations","lobby_panel_org","Members with this mandate","lobby_table_heading","Who is tied to what","lobby_table_explain","The full matrix marks every member against every shared organization: one dot per declared tie, the exhaustive view of who is tied to what.","lobby_table_large","For this chamber that is","lobby_table_cells","cells","lobby_table_show","Show table","lobby_table_alt","Table marking each of {count} members against the {orgs} organizations they are tied to, one dot per declared tie. {ctx}","lobby_select_hint","Select a member or organization to see its ties.","lobby_filters","lobby_error","The lobby network could not be computed.","lobby_clear_selection","Clear selection","close","not_found_person","Person not found","not_found_body","Parliament not found","not_found_affair","Affair not found","not_found_group","Committee or group not found","not_found_voting","Voting not found","not_found_meeting","Meeting not found","not_found_interest","Interest not found","not_found_organization","Organization not found","not_found_text","Text not found","not_found_doc","Document not found","not_found_speech","Speech not found","not_found_hint","There is no entry with the ID {id}. It may have been removed, or the link may be outdated.","not_found_back","Back to the overview","about","About","faq","FAQ","section_title","section_title_bodies","section_title_affairs","section_title_votings","section_title_texts","section_title_docs","section_subtitle_search","section_subtitle_discussion",{"_1662":1663,"_1679":845,"_1680":1681,"_1682":1683,"_1684":1032,"_1363":605,"_1337":405,"_78":609,"_1685":612,"_1668":415,"_1686":1687,"_1688":816,"_1470":365,"_74":375,"_1665":517,"_19":385,"_76":615,"_81":395,"_1689":1142,"_1690":1276,"_1691":1312,"_1692":1276,"_1693":1694,"_1695":1276,"_1696":1697,"_1698":605,"_1699":784,"_1700":1276,"_1701":1683,"_1702":609,"_1669":484,"_1703":1704,"_1275":1276,"_1705":722,"_1288":1276,"_72":620,"_1706":1498,"_1707":1355,"_1708":1393,"_1709":1687,"_1710":1482,"_1670":425,"_1711":1474,"_1712":1276},"section_switcher",{"_1660":1661,"_1662":1663,"_1664":365,"_70":561,"_74":375,"_1665":517,"_1666":451,"_1337":405,"_81":395,"_1667":385,"_1668":415,"_1669":484,"_1670":425,"_1671":1672,"_1673":1674,"_1675":1676,"_1677":1678},"section_title_speeches","section_title_groups","section_title_interests","section_title_meetings","section_title_organizations","label_section","Section","home","Home","people","affairs","groups","documents","interests","meetings","organizations","group_parliament","Actors","group_proceedings","Proceedings","group_records","Records","group_lobbying","Lobbying","search","eyebrow","Data on {{name}}","overview","Overview","personal_data","memberships","access_badges","Lobby","images","texts_overview","text_details","docs_overview","doc_details","votings_overview","Voting","voting_details","voting_diagram","Diagram","voting_tally","speeches_overview","speech_details","groups_overview","contributions","interests_overview","Interest","meetings_overview","vocabulary","loyalty","alignment","lobby","discussion","organizations_overview","org_details",{"_1770":1771,"_1772":1773,"_1714":1774,"_316":1775},"intro",{"_1716":1717,"_1718":1719,"_1720":1721,"_1722":1723,"_1724":1725,"_1726":1727,"_1728":1729},"en",{"_1730":1765,"_1732":1766,"_1734":1767,"_1736":1768,"_1738":1769},"de",{"_1730":1760,"_1732":1761,"_1734":1762,"_1736":1763,"_1738":1764},"fr",{"_1730":1755,"_1732":1756,"_1734":1757,"_1736":1758,"_1738":1759},"it",{"_1730":1750,"_1732":1751,"_1734":1752,"_1736":1753,"_1738":1754},"es",{"_1730":1745,"_1732":1746,"_1734":1747,"_1736":1748,"_1738":1749},"pt",{"_1730":1740,"_1732":1741,"_1734":1742,"_1736":1743,"_1738":1744},"rm",{"_1730":1731,"_1732":1733,"_1734":1735,"_1736":1737,"_1738":1739},"cookie","Nus duvrain mo cookies essenzials e funcziunals. Nagina analitica, nagin tracking.","dataLang","La Svizra ha quatter linguas naziunalas, e questas datas datti en pliras da quellas. Intgins records èn plurilings, auters mo en ina lingua. Vus pudais tscherner en tge lingua ch'il cuntegn vegn mussà; sche vossa tscherna n'è betg disponibla per in record, vegnan duvradas las autras linguas en in urden da prioritad fix. Quai è independent da la lingua da l'interfatscha. As lascha reglar sut Configuraziuns › Lingua dal cuntegn (sura a dretga).","alt","Questa pagina è era disponibla per rumantsch.","switch","Mussar per rumantsch","dismiss","Betg pli mussar","Utilizamos apenas cookies essenciais e funcionais. Sem análises, sem rastreio.","A Suíça tem quatro línguas nacionais, e estes dados existem em várias delas. Alguns registos estão em várias línguas, outros apenas numa. Pode escolher em que idioma os conteúdos são apresentados; quando a sua escolha não está disponível para um registo, as restantes línguas são usadas por uma ordem de prioridade fixa. Isto é independente do idioma da interface. Configure em Definições › Idioma dos conteúdos (canto superior direito).","Esta página também está disponível em português.","Ver em português","Não mostrar novamente","Solo utilizamos cookies esenciales y funcionales. Sin análisis, sin seguimiento.","Suiza tiene cuatro lenguas nacionales, y estos datos existen en varias de ellas. Algunos registros están en varias lenguas, otros en una sola. Puede elegir en qué idioma se muestra el contenido; cuando su elección no está disponible para un registro, se utilizan las demás lenguas en un orden de prioridad fijo. Esto es independiente del idioma de la interfaz. Configúrelo en Ajustes › Idioma del contenido (arriba a la derecha).","Esta página también está disponible en español.","Ver en español","No volver a mostrar","Utilizziamo solo cookie essenziali e funzionali. Nessuna analisi, nessun tracciamento.","La Svizzera ha quattro lingue nazionali e questi dati esistono in diverse di esse. Alcune voci sono in più lingue, altre in una sola. Puoi scegliere in quale lingua mostrare i contenuti; se la tua scelta non è disponibile per una voce, vengono usate le altre lingue secondo un ordine di priorità prestabilito. Questo è indipendente dalla lingua dell'interfaccia. Impostabile in Impostazioni › Lingua del contenuto (in alto a destra).","Questa pagina è disponibile anche in italiano.","Vedi in italiano","Non mostrare più","Nous utilisons uniquement des cookies essentiels et fonctionnels. Aucune analyse, aucun suivi.","La Suisse a quatre langues nationales, et ces données existent dans plusieurs d'entre elles. Certaines entrées sont en plusieurs langues, d'autres dans une seule. Vous pouvez choisir la langue d'affichage du contenu ; si votre choix n'est pas disponible pour une entrée, les autres langues sont utilisées selon un ordre de priorité défini. Ceci est indépendant de la langue de l'interface. Réglable dans Paramètres › Langue du contenu (en haut à droite).","Cette page est aussi disponible en français.","Voir en français","Ne plus afficher","Wir verwenden nur essenzielle, funktionale Cookies. Keine Analyse, kein Tracking.","Die Schweiz hat vier Landessprachen, und diese Daten liegen in mehreren davon vor. Manche Einträge sind mehrsprachig, andere nur in einer Sprache. Sie können wählen, in welcher Sprache die Inhalte angezeigt werden; ist Ihre Wahl für einen Eintrag nicht verfügbar, werden die übrigen Sprachen in einer festen Prioritätsreihenfolge verwendet. Dies ist unabhängig von der Oberflächensprache. Einstellbar unter Einstellungen › Inhaltssprache (oben rechts).","Diese Seite ist auch auf Deutsch verfügbar.","Auf Deutsch anzeigen","Nicht mehr anzeigen","We use only essential, functional cookies. No analytics, no tracking.","Switzerland has four national languages, and this data comes in several of them. Some records are in multiple languages, some in only one. You can choose which language the content is shown in; when your choice isn't available for a record, the remaining languages are used in a set priority order. This is independent of the interface language. Set it under Settings › Content language (top right).","This page is also available in English.","View in English","Don't show again","settings",{"_1838":1839,"_1840":1841,"_1842":1197,"_1843":1844,"_1845":1199,"_1846":1201,"_1847":1848,"_1849":1850,"_1851":1852,"_1853":1854,"_1855":1856,"_670":671,"_1857":1858,"_1859":1860,"_1861":1862,"_1863":1864,"_1865":1866},"nav",{"_1662":1784,"_1785":1786,"_1787":720,"_1788":1789,"_1790":1791,"_1671":1672,"_1673":1674,"_1675":1676,"_1677":1678,"_1664":365,"_70":561,"_1666":451,"_1665":517,"_74":375,"_1669":484,"_1337":405,"_81":395,"_1667":385,"_1668":415,"_1670":425,"_1792":1777,"_1793":1794,"_1640":1641,"_1795":1796,"_1642":1643,"_1797":1798,"_1799":1800,"_1801":1802,"_1803":1804,"_1805":1806,"_1807":1808,"_1809":1810,"_1811":1812,"_1813":1814,"_1815":1816,"_1817":1818,"_1819":1820,"_1821":1822,"_1823":1824,"_1825":1826,"_1827":1828,"_1829":1830,"_1831":1781,"_1832":1833,"_1834":1835,"_1836":1837},{"_1730":1765,"_1732":1766,"_1734":1767,"_1736":1768,"_1738":1769},{"_1776":1777,"_1778":1779,"_1780":1781,"_1782":1783},"project.title","Project","project.desc","About parlhub: what the portal is, answers to common questions, and how the data fits together.","experiments.title","Experiments","experiments.desc","Experimental analyses and methodology showcases on parlhub, including the Wordfish scaling of parliaments from their speeches.","parlhub home","skip_to_content","Skip to main content","explore","start","Start here","start_desc","Quicklinks to chambers, cantons and communes","project","project_desc","The project at a glance","about_desc","What parlhub is and who is behind it","faq_desc","Answers to common questions","sustainability","Sustainability","sustainability_desc","How parlhub is hosted and what it costs the planet","accessibility","Accessibility","accessibility_desc","What works, what doesn't, and how to report a barrier","traffic_stats","Traffic statistics","traffic_stats_desc","Which parts of the site get requested, and by whom","imprint","Imprint","imprint_desc","Who runs parlhub, contact, and the licenses","github","GitHub","github_desc","The project's source code on GitHub","data_guide","Data guide","data_guide_desc","Every kind of data, in plain terms, with examples","data_map","Data map","data_map_desc","How the data fits together, at a glance","methodology","Methodology","methodology_desc","How each figure is calculated, with links to the code","experiments","experiments_desc","Experimental analyses and methodology write-ups","wordfish","Wordfish scaling","wordfish_desc","Placing members on an axis by the words in their speeches","menu_label","Settings","appearance","Appearance","theme","theme_system","System","theme_light","theme_dark","font_size","Font size","font_size_decrease","Decrease font size","font_size_increase","Increase font size","high_contrast","High contrast","grayscale","Grayscale","interface_language","Interface","content_language","Content language","content_language_auto","Auto (follow interface)","content_language_note","Language of the displayed data (names, titles, texts). Independent of the interface; when a record isn't available, the next language is used.","content_language_priority","Priority",{"_1842":1868,"_1847":1869,"_1870":217,"_1871":203,"_1872":203,"_1873":217,"_1874":-5},"system",100,"show_cookie_consent_message","ui_high_contrast","ui_grayscale","msg_lang_hint","content_lang"]