Vision und Leitbild auf Stufe Werkhof herunterbrechen
Strategie erarbeiten
Produktegruppen grob bis mittel definieren
Raumbedarfskonzept abstimmen
Finanzzahlen und Vergleiche soweit als möglich für Phase I aufarbeiten

Phase II \"\"Betriebswirtschaftlich ausgerichteter Werkhof Olten\"\"
(ab Juli 2004 – ca. Mitte 2005)

Marktübersicht erfassen, Kundengruppen festlegen
Konkurrenzanalyse: Stärken-/Schwächenprofil erstellen
Marketing: Meinungsumfragen, Marketingstrategie, Auftritt
Finanz- und Vergleichszahlen für Phase II festlegen und erfassen
Organisation und Management entwickeln und verbessern
Risikoanalyse erstellen

Bei optimalem Verlauf könnte dieser Teilbereich bis Ende Jahr abgeschlossen werden. Parallel zu diesem Auftrag hat die Baudirektion II jedoch noch die Nachfolgeplanung und die Zusammenlegung der beiden Baudirektionen zu bearbeiten, so dass objektiv mit einem Abschluss der 2. Phase erst im Juni 2005 gerechnet werden darf.

2.2. Finanzielle Mittel

Phase I
Gemäss Offerte ist für die externe Begleitung dieser Phase mit Kosten von ca. Fr. 35'000.— zu rechnen.

Phase II
Die Kosten für die externe Begleitung der Phase II betragen ca. Fr. 60'000.—.

Der Stadtrat hat am 19. Februar 2004 für das Projekt \"\"Strategisch ausgerichteter Werkhof Olten\"\" einen Nachtragskredit als Kostendach von Fr. 95'000.— bewilligt. Von diesem Kredit wurden sofort Fr. 35'000.— für die Phase I freigegeben.

3. Resultate aus Phase I

Alle nun folgenden Resultate sind im beiliegenden Zwischenbericht \"\"Strategisch ausgerichteter Werkhof Olten\"\", Phase I, detailliert aufgelistet. Im vorliegenden Bericht wird nur auf die wichtigsten Punkte und Details eingegangen.

3.1. Vision

Die Vision für den Werkhof soll etwas über die Kernaufgaben dieses Dienstleistungsbetriebes aussagen. Wichtiges oder sogar wichtigstes Merkmal eines Mitarbeitenden im Werkhof ist sicher, sich für das Wohl der Gemeinschaft zur Verfügung stellen zu wollen. Der Umstand, solche Personen für das Gemeinwohl zur Verfügung zu haben, gibt Sicherheit und Wohlbefinden für die Bevölkerung und ist wahrscheinlich der Ursprung und gleichzeitig die Legitimation von Stadtarbeitern und Stadtarbeiterinnen.

Aus der Kombination dieser beiden Sachverhalte ergab sich die Vision in logischer Folge:

Lebensraum Olten
Unser Leben – Unser Raum
Von uns gepflegt – Von Ihnen belebt!

Das Wort Leben beinhaltet alles Wichtige und das Wort Raum bedeutet \"\"Daheim\"\" oder \"\"Heimat\"\"; die Umgebung, in der sich alle wohlfühlen.

Die Mitarbeitenden des Werkhofes pflegen (erhalten, gesund machen) diesen Lebens-Raum zum Nutzen der Einwohnerinnen und Einwohner sowie der Besucherinnen und Besucher der Stadt Olten.

3.2. Leitbild

Aufbauend auf dieser Vision wurde sehr ausführlich über Inhalt und Darstellung eines Leitbildes für den Werkhof diskutiert und philosophiert. Dabei war es dem Kernteam ein Anliegen, dass alle Mitarbeitenden des Werkhofes hinter diesen Leitsätzen stehen und diese \"\"leben\"\" können. Das nun vorliegende Leitbild wurde auch in der Verwaltungsleitung eingehend erörtert.
Der Nutzen für das Gemeinwesen steht zuoberst, gefolgt von den Dienstleistungen, die durch den Werkhof erbracht werden. Die Führung des Werkhofes verpflichtet sich, Vorbild zu sein und den Mitarbeitenden Gelegenheit zu geben, sich durch Motivation, Qualifikation, Respekt und Weiterbildung im Bereich ihrer Möglichkeiten, auszuzeichnen.
Mitbewerber (Konkurrenten) geben uns Gelegenheit, gute Leistungen im fairen Wettbewerb abzuliefern. Mit Arbeitsgemeinschaften, z.B. mit Bürgergemeinden oder Nachbargemeinden wollen wir gemeinsam und partnerschaftlich Ziele der öffentlichen Gemeinschaften erreichen. Kommunikation und Information stehen zwar am Schluss des Leitbildes, nicht aber am Schluss der Prioritätenliste. Sie sind transparent, verständlich und zeitgerecht im Interesse der Öffentlichkeit wahrzunehmen.

Selbstbewusst in die Zukunft
Dem Bedürfnis der Mitarbeitenden nach Stabilität und der Politik nach strategischer Entscheidungsfreiheit begegnen wir selbstbewusst mit einem qualitativ hochstehenden Leistungsangebot und einem optimal funktionierenden und effektiv organisierten Werkhofbetrieb.

3.3. Produktegruppen

Genereller Grundsatz der Bevölkerungsorientiertheit

Bevölkerungsorientiert heisst, dass der Werkhof seine Produkte so anbietet und präsentiert, wie diese von den Einwohnern und Einwohnerinnen gewünscht bzw. gebraucht werden. Es ist selbstverständlich, dass die \"\"Kundschaft\"\" der Verwaltung häufig oder sogar meistens eine Beziehung nicht freiwillig eingeht. Trotzdem kann auch in diesem Fall die Beziehung so nachfrageorientiert wie möglich gestaltet werden.

Die Privatwirtschaft hat diesen Wandel von der Produkte-Orientierung zur Kunden-Orientierung schon längst durchgemacht. Dieser Wandel hat nicht bloss Einfluss auf das Marketing im engeren Sinn, sondern häufig wird das ganze Unternehmen so organisiert, dass es den verschiedenen Kundengruppen entspricht.

Mit der heute verfügbaren Internet-Technologie kann die Verwaltung unabhängig von ihrer Struktur dargestellt werden. Insbesondere können ihre Dienstleistungen entsprechend der Nachfrage in der Bevölkerung präsentiert werden.

Die fünf Produktegruppen
A Beratung / Hilfeleistungen
B Entsorgung
C Grünflächenpflege / Baumpflege / Sportanlagen / Kinderspielplätze
D Reinigung / Strassen- und Gehwegunterhalt / Signalisierung / Winterdienst / Kanalisationsunterhalt
E Friedhof und Krematorium
enthalten den grössten Nutzen für die Bevölkerung und werden als solche verlangt und nach Möglichkeit erfüllt; durch wen die Arbeiten schlussendlich ausgeführt werden, sollen weitere Abklärungen aufzeigen.

Die allgemeinen Vorteile für die Gemeinde, wenn diese Dienstleistungen durch städtische Angestellte im eigenen Werkhof erbracht werden, sind folgende:

Die Bevölkerung kann grossen Einfluss nehmen.
Bedürfnisse der Bevölkerung können schnell erfüllt werden.
Neue Angebote und Trends können schnell realisiert werden.
Die ideale Grösse ermöglicht Flexibilität bei unvorhersehbaren, ausserordentlichen Einsätzen (Spitzenbrecher, Springerfunktionen usw.).
Grosses Fachwissen, unabhängige Beratung, schnelle Verfügbarkeit, örtliche Vertrautheit sowie nutzbare personelle Synergien (Feuerwehr/Werkhof) garantieren ein schnelles Beheben von Störungen, Schäden und Defekten.
Während der Arbeit festgestellte Mängel können sofort und unbürokratisch behoben werden.
Sehr kleine Fluktuationsrate durch starke Identifikation aufgrund von erteilten Kompetenzen und Verantwortung
Langfristiges Denken und Handeln dienen der Nachhaltigkeit.
Für die Bevölkerung stehen direkte Ansprechstellen zur Verfügung.
Der Werkhof kann soziale Aufgaben wahrnehmen (Lehrlingsausbildung, Beschäftigungsprogramme für Arbeitslose, usw.)

Der Werkhof Olten ist Imagepfleger Nr. 1 für die Stadt!

3.4. Strategie

Die hauptsächliche strategische Ausrichtung zielt in die folgende Richtung:

zukunftsgerichtet, offen für Neues
breit abgestützte und gelebte Unternehmenskultur (flache Hierarchie)
sozial engagiert
zielgerichtete Entwicklungs- und Investitionspolitik
Bevölkerungsorientierte Produktgestaltung bei marktorientierter Preisbildung
offen und transparent
einfache Verwaltungsstrukturen
Regionalisierungen anstreben

Sämtliche produktspezifischen Strategien zielen in diese Richtung und sind angereichert mit den für das einzelne Produkt wichtigen Grundsätzen.

3.5. Leistungsaufträge

Anhand der im Zwischenbericht detailliert beschriebenen Produktegruppen und Strategien sollen in der 2. Phase des Projektes \"\"Betriebswirtschaftlich ausgerichteter Werkhof Olten\"\" die Leistungsaufträge beschrieben werden.

Die Leistungsaufträge pro Produkt oder Unterprodukt sind eine detaillierte Auflistung der auszuführenden Arbeiten und/oder Dienstleistungen in Art, Menge, Qualität und Preis.

Zwei Beispiele zur Verdeutlichung:

Unterprodukt:
Hauskehricht: Art
Sammlung 1 x pro Woche: Menge
Vermehrtes Trennen von Abfällen kommunizieren: Qualität
Dadurch Reduktion der Kosten um z.B. XX % pro Jahr: Preis

Unterprodukt:
Rasenpflege im Schulhaus: Art
Wöchentlich mähen, keine Düngung, 1 x pro Jahr aerifizieren: Menge
Keine Sperrung infolge Problemen mit Unterhalt: Qualität
z.B. XX Rp./m2/Jahr: Preis

Diese Leistungsaufträge mit dem Arbeitsumfang, der Qualität und den Kosten werden politisch genehmigt. Durch klare Aufträge und Kostentransparenz können interne und externe Vergleiche angestellt und allfällige Konsequenzen gezogen werden. Dies kann erhebliche Auswirkungen auf die Effizienz, die Effektivität und somit auch auf die Preisbildung haben.

Diese Aussagen sind erst möglich, wenn der Werkhof die Kosten pro Produkt/Unterprodukt vollständig erfassen kann. Dies ist in Phase II \"\"Betriebswirtschaftlich ausgerichteter Werkhof Olten\"\" in ca. 1 ½ Jahren vorgesehen. Diese Phase des Projekts ist grundsätzlich unabhängig von einem Werkhofneubau und sollte daher auf jeden Fall vollständig fertig erarbeitet werden. Die Auslösung der Phase II steht heute noch aus und soll nach der Genehmigung der strategischen Ausrichtung erfolgen.

4. Raumbedarfskonzept

4.1. Ausgangslage

Wettbewerb mit der heutigen Grösse des Werkhofbestandes als statische, fixe Grundlage.
Städtebauliche, zum Feuerwehrmagazin optimal dazugehörende, Wettbewerbslösung mit hoher Güte.
Hohe Erstellungskosten
Fehlendes betriebswirtschaftliches Datenmaterial im Werkhof
Masterplan zum Verkauf der Schlachthof- und nicht benötigten Werkhofflächen. Integration der Erträge des Landverkaufes in die Überlegungen zum Werkhofneubau.

4.2 Heutige Bedürfnisse

Werkhofdimension vergrösser- und verkleinerbar (modular) durch nicht oder nur teilweise fixe Baukörper.
Städtebaulich überzeugende Lösung, welche wettbewerbskompatibel bleiben muss.

4.3 Tiefere Erstellungskosten

Betriebswirtschaftliche Daten müssen zur Verfügung stehen, um künftig modulare Anpassungen in beide Richtungen möglich zu machen.
Für die modulare Denkweise ist eine strategische Landreserve erforderlich.
Parallelität der Projekte \"\"Werkhofneubau\"\" und \"\"Betriebswirtschaftlich ausgerichteter Werkhof Olten\"\".

Da Abbau wie auch Aufbau von Dienstleistungen des Werkhofes als öffentlicher Betrieb anerkannterweise einige Zeit beanspruchen (politische Diskussion, Personalbeschaffung oder –freisetzung, prioritäre Mitteleinsetzung usw.), müssen beide Projekte nebeneinander parallel geführt werden. Natürlich unter der Voraussetzung, dass die obigen \"\"heutigen Bedürfnisse\"\" in den Projekten Eingang finden.

4.2 Neue Vorgaben für das Raumbedarfskonzept

Die qualitativen Aussagen der Dienstleistungen werden in obigen Produktegruppen und Strategien gemacht. Die quantitativen Aussagen, im Sinne von Konkurrenzfähigkeit, marktgerechter Preisbildung usw., werden durch das Fehlen der betriebswirtschaftlichen Grundlagen erst in ca. 1 ½ Jahren mit ersten halbjährlichen Vergleichen vorliegen. Einzig im Bereich Entsorgung werden in einer eigenständigen Arbeit seit 2001 die Daten erhoben und lassen Vergleiche mit anderen Gemeinden zu.
Parallel zu diesen Arbeiten kann der Werkhofneubau weiter geplant und ausgeführt werden.
In die Projektierung sind folgende Grundsätze einzubauen und nachzuweisen:

a) Teilmodularer Werkhofbau

Von den für den Ist-Zustand benötigten Bruttogeschossflächen sind ca. 25 % so zu erstellen, dass diese innert kurzer Zeit dem Werkhof entzogen und betrieblich/organisatorisch trennbar anderen Nutzungen (auch fremden) zugeführt werden könnten (Reduktion).
Von den für den Ist-Zustand benötigten Bruttogeschossflächen sind ca. 25 % so zu planen, dass sie innert nützlicher Frist zum Werkhofneubau hinzugebaut werden könnten (Expansion).

Generell kann ein Werkhof immer expandieren (z.B. Hochkonjunkturphasen) oder sich reduzieren (z.B. bei Wirtschaftsflauten). Es ist daher immer richtig, modular in beide Richtungen zu planen und nicht fixe Baukörper für 50 Jahre mit gleicher Nutzung vorzusehen. Flexibilität und Veränderungen sind heute gängige Verhaltensmuster und so zu akzeptieren.

Ganz allgemein können die meisten heutigen Dienstleistungen auch durch privatwirtschaftliche Unternehmen ausgeführt werden. Die zu erbringenden Leistungen und die Kontrolle derselben wären zu beschreiben resp. zu regeln. Wer dies günstiger bewerkstelligt, wird auch aus dem Zahlenmaterial in ca. 1 ½ Jahren ersichtlich. Dannzumal könnte der Werkhof auch verkleinert werden. Daher soll ein Teil der Fläche (ca. 25 %) modular und abtrennbar sein.

Zurzeit sind beim Werkhof im Bereich Entsorgung eher expansive Modelle gefragt, treten doch fast monatlich Aussengemeinden oder Gruppen von Aussengemeinden (OGG) an die Stadt Olten heran, um gemeinsame kostengünstige Lösungen zu suchen.

Zwei Beispiele:

Glasentsorgung (OGG)
Heute wird das Glas nach Gunzgen gebracht und dort zu Glassand verarbeitet. Für diese Art der Glasentsorgung erhalten die Gemeinden Fr. 32.—/Tonne. Zukünftig soll für die Sandersatz-Lösung keine Entschädigung mehr bezahlt werden. Für farbgetrenntes Glas, in den Wiederverwendungszyklus der Glashersteller integrierte Entsorgungslösungen, werden ca. Fr. 80.—/Tonne ausbezahlt. Abnehmer für dieses Glas sind zurzeit in Dagmarsellen, im Rheinhafen Basel, in Deutschland, Frankreich und in Italien. Die heutigen privatwirtschaftlichen Entsorger aus unserer Region fahren das Glas mit dem LKW demzufolge ca. 100 km zur Entsorgung. Es wird nun geprüft, ob ein Bahnverlad nicht günstiger und ökologisch sinnvoller ist. Diese Lösung braucht jedoch Platz, ob dies im Werkhof der Stadt Olten ist oder nicht, müssen Abklärungen zeigen.

Bring-Lösungen (Oekihof)
Jeder Haushalt hat diverse Abfälle, die nicht sofort entsorgt werden können, weil keine Abfuhr stattfindet. Diese Fraktionen (Blumentöpfe, Baustoffe, sperrige Teile usw.) können z.B. im ganzen Kanton Zug in die sogenannten Oekihöfe der Gemeinden gebracht werden. Dies wurde so gut angenommen, dass bei der gesamten Entsorgung grosse Einsparungen durch stärkeres Trennen und kürzere Abfuhrtage resultierten.

Beide aktuellen Beispiele zeigen, dass flexibler Raum- und Platzbedarf entscheidend ist für kostengünstige Entsorgungslösungen oder auch andere Dienstleistungen, die von der Bevölkerung gewünscht und benötigt werden.

b) Kosten
Da die Mitarbeitenden, die Fahrzeuge und Maschinen sowie die Aufgaben und Dienstleistungen heute vorhanden sind, brauchen Veränderungen in einem öffentlichen Betrieb ihre Zeit. Es macht daher auch monetär Sinn, modulare, möglichst multifunktionale Bauten zu verwirklichen.

Im heutigen Umfeld mit beschränkten Mitteln, zunehmenden Aufgaben und Kostenlasten, ist es normal, auch Werkhofneubauten sehr kostenbewusst zu realisieren. Da die öffentliche Hand sowohl auf Qualität bei ihren Bauten wie auch auf die von ihr aufgestellten städtebaulichen Grundsätze Rücksicht nehmen muss, kann nicht die billigste Bauweise für solche Vorhaben herangezogen werden. Die öffentliche Hand will mit Architekturwettbewerben eine gewisse Qualität zu einem entsprechenden Preis erreichen. Das Gewinnerprojekt des durchgeführten Wettbewerbes wurde bis kurz vor die Submissionsphase (Ausschreibung der Bauarbeiten) weiterbearbeitet. Die genauen Kosten aus der Submissionsphase, in einer heute für die Bauherrschaft günstigen Wirtschaftslage, liegen noch nicht vor.

Nach Rücksprache mit dem planenden Architekten sind Kostensenkungen gegenüber dem Kostenvoranschlag 2001 (KV) von ca. 1 Mio. Franken möglich, da die Baupreise (ausser Stahl) heute tiefer sind als im Jahr 2001.

Im Weiteren sind in der intensiven Phase I des Projektes \"\"Strategisch ausgerichteter Werkhof Olten\"\" mehrere kostenoptimierbare Punkte herausgearbeitet worden, die durch die Projektplaner noch zu rechnen sind.

5. Vorschlag zur Projektanpassung

Gestützt auf obige Erkenntnisse und den Vorschlag der Baudirektion II, gelangt der Stadtrat zur Auffassung, Teilplanungen zur Projektoptimierung erarbeiten zu lassen.

Folgende Punkte sind als Variante mit den Kostenfolgen aufzuzeigen:

1) Untergeschoss (UG) mit Lagerraum und Rampe im Wettbewerbsprojekt ausklammern und ausserhalb des Wettbewerbperimeters als multifunktionaler Erdgeschossbau konzipieren.

Effekte:

Ein grosser Teil der Kosten (ca. 2 – 2,2 Mio.) wird durch das UG mit der Rampe verursacht (Aushub, Baukosten, Beleuchtung, Belüftung)
Belastung von Fläche ausserhalb des Wettbewerbperimeters (ca. 3'400 m2), welche als strategische Werkhoffläche dient, jedoch nicht sofort verkäuflich ist.
Grosse Flexibilität des Erdgeschoss-Gebäudes (monetär, betrieblich)
Unabhängigkeit des Wettbewerbs

2) Neue Entsorgungslösungen einplanen

Abklären einer allfälligen Bahnverladung von Glas und anderen Wertstoff-Fraktionen wie Papier und Karton.
Aufzeigen der erhofften Effekte wie bessere Trennung, tiefere Kosten, geringere Abhängigkeiten von Abnehmern, umweltfreundlichere Abfallbewirtschaftung, usw.
Abklären der Variante Oekihof (Bring- und Holsystem gemischt)
Aufzeigen der erhofften Effekte wie starke Trennung, weniger illegale Entsorgung, bessere Ökobilanz usw.

3) Die bis heute festgestellten Optimierungsmöglichkeiten sind mit ihren Vor- und Nachteilen und den Kostenfolgen aufzuzeigen.

Im Weiteren ist die Submission des zurzeit bestehenden Werkhofprojektes durchzuführen mit dem Vorbehalt einer möglichen Projektanpassung im UG-Bereich.

Effekt:
Genauere, der heutigen Zeit angepasste Kosten als Vergleichsbasis zu obigen Möglichkeiten der Projektanpassungen.

Finanzielle Auswirkungen

Für diese zusätzlichen Abklärungen ist mit Kosten zwischen Fr. 20'000.— bis Fr. 30'000.— zu rechnen. In dem vom Parlament bewilligten Planungskredit von Fr. 580'00.— sind diese Aufwendungen nicht vorgesehen. Jedoch wurden darin ca. Fr. 60'000.— als Reserven eingerechnet. Nach Rücksprache mit dem Hochbauamt und der Finanzkontrolle können diese Kosten über diese Position ausgeglichen werden, so dass kein zusätzlicher Kredit erforderlich ist.

6. Weiteres Vorgehen

Die Submissionsphase und die Projektanpassungen könnten zeitgleich erfolgen. Bis im Spätherbst 2004 kann der für den Werkhofneubau erforderliche Baukredit unter Berücksichtigung der weiteren Abklärungen dem Gemeindeparlament vorgelegt werden.

Der Zeitplan für den zusammen mit dem Stadttheater als 1. Priorität eingestuften Werkhofneubau kann eingehalten werden. Mit den Neubauarbeiten kann im Jahr 2006 begonnen und der baufällige heutige Werkhof, als Zumutung und Risiko für die Mitarbeitenden, in 3 Jahren endlich abgebrochen werden.

Beschlussesanträge:

1. Die Resultate der Phase I des Projektes \"\"Strategisch ausgerichteter Werkhof Olten\"\" werden zur Kenntnis genommen. Sie bilden die Grundlage für die Ausrichtung des Werkhofbetriebs der Stadt Olten und für die vom Stadtrat auszulösende Phase II \"\"Betriebswirtschaftlich ausgerichteter Werkhof Olten\"\".

2. Der Planungsauftrag des Werkhof-Neubaus vom 27. September 2001 wird ergänzt durch die im Bericht beschriebenen Abklärungen und wie folgt fortgesetzt:

Durchführung der Submissionsphase des Wettbewerbsprojektes unter Vorbehalt der Änderung im UG-Bereich.
Oberirdische Anordnung der im Wettbewerb im UG vorgesehenen Lagerflächen als Variante mit strategischen Landreserven.
Einbezug von neuen Entsorgungslösungen als Option in die Werkhofplanung.
Die Optimierungsmöglichkeiten im Wettbewerbsprojekt sind aufzuzeigen und zu belegen.

Die Ergebnisse dieser Abklärungen sind in die Baukreditvorlage vom Spätherbst 2004 zu integrieren.

3. Der Stadtrat wird mit dem Vollzug 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Widen the range.","loyalty_chart_alt","Beeswarm plot of the dissent rate of {count} members, one dot per member, coloured by party. {ctx}","loyalty_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their votes, dissents and dissent rate. {ctx}","loyalty_col_member","loyalty_col_party","loyalty_col_group","loyalty_col_ballots","loyalty_col_dissents","Against","loyalty_col_rate","Dissent","loyalty_from","loyalty_to","loyalty_scale","Scale","loyalty_scale_log","Log","loyalty_scale_linear","Linear","loyalty_filters","Filters","cohesion_title","Group cohesion","cohesion_hint","mean Agreement Index (1 = unanimous)","section_alignment","Voting alignment","no_alignment","Not enough shared votes to compare.","view_all_alignment","View full alignment","alignment_agreed_of_shared","agreed on {agreed} of {shared} shared votes","sort_agreement","Agreement","sort_shared","Shared votes","facet_min_shared","Min. shared","min_shared_10","≥ 10","min_shared_20","≥ 20","min_shared_50","≥ 50","min_shared_100","≥ 100","section_body_alignment","body_alignment_subtitle","How members of this chamber vote relative to one another, from the votes they have in common. In the map, members who vote alike sit close together and opponents far apart. Colours are parties, so blocs and coalitions show up as clusters. The grid gives the average agreement between each pair of parties (the diagonal is each party's own internal cohesion).","alignment_from","alignment_to","alignment_view","View","alignment_view_scatter","Map","alignment_view_heatmap","Party grid","alignment_empty","Not enough votes in this window to build the model.","alignment_window_note","Most meaningful within a single legislative period: the model compares members from the votes they have in common. If the window spans an election or a change in composition, members with different terms barely overlap and positions become less comparable.","alignment_no_parties","No party groups to compare in this window.","alignment_scatter_alt","Scatter plot of {count} members placed by how similarly they voted, coloured by party. {ctx}","alignment_pairs","pairs","alignment_heatmap_note","Each cell is the average agreement between members of the two parties (diagonal = a party's internal cohesion). ± is the 95% confidence range and n the number of member-pairs behind it. A small range over many pairs means the alignment is well-established; a wide range means it's only suggestive.","alignment_heatmap_alt","Grid of the average voting agreement between {count} parties. {ctx}","alignment_members_heading","Members","alignment_members_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their agreement with the chamber and with their own party. {ctx}","alignment_col_member","alignment_col_party","alignment_col_votes","alignment_col_chamber","Aligns with chamber","alignment_col_party_align","Within party","alignment_zoom_in","Zoom in","alignment_zoom_out","Zoom out","alignment_zoom_reset","Reset zoom","alignment_filters","section_lobby","Lobby network","lobby_subtitle","The organizations members of this chamber declare in their register of interests, and where those ties overlap. In the network, members are dots (coloured by party) and organizations shared by two or more members are squares. Members who share the same organizations pull together. The breakdown shows how many mandates are paid versus unpaid, and who holds the most.","lobby_empty","No declared interests for this chamber in this window.","lobby_no_shared","No organizations are shared by two or more members here. See the breakdown.","lobby_network_alt","Network graph of {members} members and the {orgs} organizations they share, linked by declared interests. {ctx}","lobby_mandates","mandates","lobby_members_tied","members","lobby_unknown","Unknown","lobby_org_node","Organization","lobby_payment_heading","Paid vs unpaid mandates","lobby_top_orgs","Most-shared organizations","lobby_top_members","Members by mandates","discussion_title","Speech profiles","discussion_intro","Where members sit on a latent axis derived purely from the words they use in their speeches (Wordfish scaling).","discussion_calculating","Scaling speeches…","lobby_calculating","Computing lobby network…","discussion_error","The speech scaling could not be computed.","discussion_converged","Model converged","discussion_not_converged","Model did not fully converge. Read positions with extra caution.","discussion_members_scored","Members scored","discussion_vocab","Vocabulary","discussion_window","Window","discussion_show_all","discussion_show_reliable","Reliable only","discussion_methodology","How this is computed","discussion_range_label","Time range","discussion_range_1y","1 year","discussion_range_2y","2 years","discussion_range_4y","4 years","discussion_range_8y","8 years","discussion_plot_alt","Beeswarm plot of {count} members placed along a word-choice axis, one dot per member. {ctx}","discussion_plot_caption","Each dot is one member, placed by the words they use in their speeches. Members who reach for the same distinctive words sit close together; members who talk very differently sit far apart. So a member's spot isn't assigned by us; it comes out of how they actually speak. For example, someone who keeps saying “tax”, “budget” and “spending” lands far from someone who mostly says “asylum”, “border” and “integration”. Hover any dot for its details. Filled dots have enough speech to place reliably; hollow rings spoke too little, so read their position with caution.","discussion_empty","No speeches are available for this parliament, so its members can't be placed on the axis. This scaling reads the words members actually speak, and the data set only holds speech transcripts for a few parliaments: the federal chambers and a handful of cantons such as Bern, Basel-Stadt or St. Gallen. You can also try a longer time range above.","discussion_empty_sparse","There is too little speech transcript text for this parliament to place its members on the axis. Try a longer time range above.","discussion_pole_a","One pole","discussion_pole_b","Other pole","discussion_col_party","discussion_key_filled","Enough text (reliable)","discussion_key_ring","Below the word floor (low confidence)","discussion_align_title","Does the axis track party?","discussion_align_hint","How much of the spread in positions is explained by party membership (η²): 100% = parties are perfectly separated, ~0% = party tells you nothing.","discussion_align_strong","parties are clearly separated","discussion_align_moderate","parties are partly separated","discussion_align_weak","party barely explains the axis","discussion_poles_title","What the axis is made of","discussion_poles_hint","The words that most pull members towards each pole. The axis only means something once you read these. Its direction is arbitrary.","discussion_no_party","No party","discussion_col_name","discussion_col_position","Position","discussion_col_words","Words","discussion_col_speeches","discussion_low_confidence","low confidence","discussion_table_title","discussion_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their position on the word-choice axis. {ctx}","discussion_read_title","How to read this","discussion_read_direction","The axis direction is arbitrary: Wordfish finds the split, not which side is “left” or “right”. Read the word poles to see what each side means.","discussion_read_uncertainty","Positions are standardized, so the spread is a convention, not a real distance. Wider error bars (and hollow dots) mean less certainty, so don't over-read those members.","discussion_read_confound","Speech style reflects role as much as ideology: committee chairs, ministers and frequent speakers can land at a pole because of what they do, not only what they believe.","organizations_title","organizations_none","No organizations.","org_members","org_mandates","org_bodies","org_members_heading","org_members_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their party, body, role, payment and period. {ctx}","org_no_members","No members.","org_col_member","org_col_party","org_col_body","org_col_role","org_col_payment","Payment","org_col_period","sort_members","sort_mandates","Mandates","interest_unknown","lobby_panel_person","Declared organizations","lobby_panel_org","Members with this mandate","lobby_table_heading","Who is tied to what","lobby_table_explain","The full matrix marks every member against every shared organization: one dot per declared tie, the exhaustive view of who is tied to what.","lobby_table_large","For this chamber that is","lobby_table_cells","cells","lobby_table_show","Show table","lobby_table_alt","Table marking each of {count} members against the {orgs} organizations they are tied to, one dot per declared tie. {ctx}","lobby_select_hint","Select a member or organization to see its ties.","lobby_filters","lobby_error","The lobby network could not be computed.","lobby_clear_selection","Clear selection","close","not_found_person","Person not found","not_found_body","Parliament not found","not_found_affair","Affair not found","not_found_group","Committee or group not found","not_found_voting","Voting not found","not_found_meeting","Meeting not found","not_found_interest","Interest not found","not_found_organization","Organization not found","not_found_text","Text not found","not_found_doc","Document not found","not_found_speech","Speech not found","not_found_hint","There is no entry with the ID {id}. It may have been removed, or the link may be outdated.","not_found_back","Back to the overview","about","About","faq","FAQ","section_title","section_title_bodies","section_title_affairs","section_title_votings","section_title_texts","section_title_docs","section_subtitle_search","section_subtitle_discussion",{"_1556":1557,"_1573":739,"_1574":1575,"_1576":1577,"_1578":926,"_1257":499,"_1231":298,"_74":503,"_1579":506,"_1562":308,"_1580":1581,"_1582":710,"_1364":258,"_70":268,"_1559":410,"_19":278,"_72":509,"_77":288,"_1583":1036,"_1584":1170,"_1585":1206,"_1586":1170,"_1587":1588,"_1589":1170,"_1590":1591,"_1592":499,"_1593":678,"_1594":1170,"_1595":1577,"_1596":503,"_1563":377,"_1597":1598,"_1169":1170,"_1599":616,"_1182":1170,"_68":514,"_1600":1392,"_1601":1249,"_1602":1287,"_1603":1581,"_1604":1376,"_1564":318,"_1605":1368,"_1606":1170},"section_switcher",{"_1554":1555,"_1556":1557,"_1558":258,"_66":454,"_70":268,"_1559":410,"_1560":344,"_1231":298,"_77":288,"_1561":278,"_1562":308,"_1563":377,"_1564":318,"_1565":1566,"_1567":1568,"_1569":1570,"_1571":1572},"section_title_speeches","section_title_groups","section_title_interests","section_title_meetings","section_title_organizations","label_section","Section","home","Home","people","affairs","groups","documents","interests","meetings","organizations","group_parliament","Actors","group_proceedings","Proceedings","group_records","Records","group_lobbying","Lobbying","search","eyebrow","Data on {{name}}","overview","Overview","personal_data","memberships","access_badges","Lobby","images","texts_overview","text_details","docs_overview","doc_details","votings_overview","Voting","voting_details","voting_diagram","Diagram","voting_tally","speeches_overview","speech_details","groups_overview","contributions","interests_overview","Interest","meetings_overview","vocabulary","loyalty","alignment","lobby","discussion","organizations_overview","org_details",{"_1664":1665,"_1666":1667,"_1608":1668,"_209":1669},"intro",{"_1610":1611,"_1612":1613,"_1614":1615,"_1616":1617,"_1618":1619,"_1620":1621,"_1622":1623},"en",{"_1624":1659,"_1626":1660,"_1628":1661,"_1630":1662,"_1632":1663},"de",{"_1624":1654,"_1626":1655,"_1628":1656,"_1630":1657,"_1632":1658},"fr",{"_1624":1649,"_1626":1650,"_1628":1651,"_1630":1652,"_1632":1653},"it",{"_1624":1644,"_1626":1645,"_1628":1646,"_1630":1647,"_1632":1648},"es",{"_1624":1639,"_1626":1640,"_1628":1641,"_1630":1642,"_1632":1643},"pt",{"_1624":1634,"_1626":1635,"_1628":1636,"_1630":1637,"_1632":1638},"rm",{"_1624":1625,"_1626":1627,"_1628":1629,"_1630":1631,"_1632":1633},"cookie","Nus duvrain mo cookies essenzials e funcziunals. Nagina analitica, nagin tracking.","dataLang","La Svizra ha quatter linguas naziunalas, e questas datas datti en pliras da quellas. Intgins records èn plurilings, auters mo en ina lingua. Vus pudais tscherner en tge lingua ch'il cuntegn vegn mussà; sche vossa tscherna n'è betg disponibla per in record, vegnan duvradas las autras linguas en in urden da prioritad fix. Quai è independent da la lingua da l'interfatscha. As lascha reglar sut Configuraziuns › Lingua dal cuntegn (sura a dretga).","alt","Questa pagina è era disponibla per rumantsch.","switch","Mussar per rumantsch","dismiss","Betg pli mussar","Utilizamos apenas cookies essenciais e funcionais. Sem análises, sem rastreio.","A Suíça tem quatro línguas nacionais, e estes dados existem em várias delas. Alguns registos estão em várias línguas, outros apenas numa. Pode escolher em que idioma os conteúdos são apresentados; quando a sua escolha não está disponível para um registo, as restantes línguas são usadas por uma ordem de prioridade fixa. Isto é independente do idioma da interface. Configure em Definições › Idioma dos conteúdos (canto superior direito).","Esta página também está disponível em português.","Ver em português","Não mostrar novamente","Solo utilizamos cookies esenciales y funcionales. Sin análisis, sin seguimiento.","Suiza tiene cuatro lenguas nacionales, y estos datos existen en varias de ellas. Algunos registros están en varias lenguas, otros en una sola. Puede elegir en qué idioma se muestra el contenido; cuando su elección no está disponible para un registro, se utilizan las demás lenguas en un orden de prioridad fijo. Esto es independiente del idioma de la interfaz. 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Certaines entrées sont en plusieurs langues, d'autres dans une seule. Vous pouvez choisir la langue d'affichage du contenu ; si votre choix n'est pas disponible pour une entrée, les autres langues sont utilisées selon un ordre de priorité défini. Ceci est indépendant de la langue de l'interface. Réglable dans Paramètres › Langue du contenu (en haut à droite).","Cette page est aussi disponible en français.","Voir en français","Ne plus afficher","Wir verwenden nur essenzielle, funktionale Cookies. Keine Analyse, kein Tracking.","Die Schweiz hat vier Landessprachen, und diese Daten liegen in mehreren davon vor. Manche Einträge sind mehrsprachig, andere nur in einer Sprache. Sie können wählen, in welcher Sprache die Inhalte angezeigt werden; ist Ihre Wahl für einen Eintrag nicht verfügbar, werden die übrigen Sprachen in einer festen Prioritätsreihenfolge verwendet. Dies ist unabhängig von der Oberflächensprache. Einstellbar unter Einstellungen › Inhaltssprache (oben rechts).","Diese Seite ist auch auf Deutsch verfügbar.","Auf Deutsch anzeigen","Nicht mehr anzeigen","We use only essential, functional cookies. No analytics, no tracking.","Switzerland has four national languages, and this data comes in several of them. Some records are in multiple languages, some in only one. You can choose which language the content is shown in; when your choice isn't available for a record, the remaining languages are used in a set priority order. This is independent of the interface language. Set it under Settings › Content language (top right).","This page is also available in English.","View in English","Don't show again","settings",{"_1732":1733,"_1734":1735,"_1736":1091,"_1737":1738,"_1739":1093,"_1740":1095,"_1741":1742,"_1743":1744,"_1745":1746,"_1747":1748,"_1749":1750,"_565":566,"_1751":1752,"_1753":1754,"_1755":1756,"_1757":1758,"_1759":1760},"nav",{"_1556":1678,"_1679":1680,"_1681":615,"_1682":1683,"_1684":1685,"_1565":1566,"_1567":1568,"_1569":1570,"_1571":1572,"_1558":258,"_66":454,"_1560":344,"_1559":410,"_70":268,"_1563":377,"_1231":298,"_77":288,"_1561":278,"_1562":308,"_1564":318,"_1686":1671,"_1687":1688,"_1534":1535,"_1689":1690,"_1536":1537,"_1691":1692,"_1693":1694,"_1695":1696,"_1697":1698,"_1699":1700,"_1701":1702,"_1703":1704,"_1705":1706,"_1707":1708,"_1709":1710,"_1711":1712,"_1713":1714,"_1715":1716,"_1717":1718,"_1719":1720,"_1721":1722,"_1723":1724,"_1725":1675,"_1726":1727,"_1728":1729,"_1730":1731},{"_1624":1659,"_1626":1660,"_1628":1661,"_1630":1662,"_1632":1663},{"_1670":1671,"_1672":1673,"_1674":1675,"_1676":1677},"project.title","Project","project.desc","About parlhub: what the portal is, answers to common questions, and how the data fits together.","experiments.title","Experiments","experiments.desc","Experimental analyses and methodology showcases on parlhub, including the Wordfish scaling of parliaments from their speeches.","parlhub home","skip_to_content","Skip to main content","explore","start","Start here","start_desc","Quicklinks to chambers, cantons and communes","project","project_desc","The project at a glance","about_desc","What parlhub is and who is behind it","faq_desc","Answers to common questions","sustainability","Sustainability","sustainability_desc","How parlhub is hosted and what it costs the planet","accessibility","Accessibility","accessibility_desc","What works, what doesn't, and how to report a barrier","traffic_stats","Traffic statistics","traffic_stats_desc","Which parts of the site get requested, and by whom","imprint","Imprint","imprint_desc","Who runs parlhub, contact, and the licenses","github","GitHub","github_desc","The project's source code on GitHub","data_guide","Data guide","data_guide_desc","Every kind of data, in plain terms, with examples","data_map","Data map","data_map_desc","How the data fits together, at a glance","methodology","Methodology","methodology_desc","How each figure is calculated, with links to the code","experiments","experiments_desc","Experimental analyses and methodology write-ups","wordfish","Wordfish scaling","wordfish_desc","Placing members on an axis by the words in their speeches","menu_label","Settings","appearance","Appearance","theme","theme_system","System","theme_light","theme_dark","font_size","Font size","font_size_decrease","Decrease font size","font_size_increase","Increase font size","high_contrast","High contrast","grayscale","Grayscale","interface_language","Interface","content_language","Content language","content_language_auto","Auto (follow interface)","content_language_note","Language of the displayed data (names, titles, texts). Independent of the interface; when a record isn't available, the next language is used.","content_language_priority","Priority",{"_1736":1762,"_1741":1763,"_1764":135,"_1765":124,"_1766":124,"_1767":135,"_1768":-5},"system",100,"show_cookie_consent_message","ui_high_contrast","ui_grayscale","msg_lang_hint","content_lang"]