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Seit Jahren ist die Zusammenarbeit von Aussenpolitik und mit dem Vollzug von Wegweisungen zuständigen Behörden ein Thema.

1. Ist der Bundesrat bereit, die Ausschaffung ab Schweizer Grenze durch ein Bundesorgan zu übernehmen?

2. Ist er bereit, alle diplomatischen und konsularischen Vertretungen der Schweiz anzuweisen, im Zielland bei den Ausschaffungen mitzuwirken, z. B. durch Anwesenheit von Vertretern am Flugplatz usw.?

3. Wird er in Zukunft in alle Kooperationsabkommen eine Rückführungsklausel einbauen lassen, die den Empfängerstaat zur Mitwirkung bei Papierbeschaffungen und beim Vollzug der Rückführung verpflichtet?

4. Welche Aufgaben nimmt das Eidgenössische Departement für auswärtige Angelegenheiten (EDA) bei der Papierbeschaffung wahr?

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1. Aufgrund der verfassungsmässigen Aufgabenteilung fällt der Vollzug von Wegweisungen in die Zuständigkeit der Kantone. Sie sind dafür besorgt, dass eine über keinen gültigen Aufenthaltstitel verfügende Person ihrer Ausreisepflicht nachkommt. Trifft der Ausreisepflichtige keinerlei Anstalten, die Schweiz zu verlassen, so bereitet der Kanton die Rückführung vor und entscheidet über die Notwendigkeit einer amtlichen Begleitung. Die Sicherheitsbegleitung sowie die allfällige Anordnung von Zwangsmitteln liegen nach der geltenden Rechtsordnung in der Zuständigkeit der Kantone. Grundlage bildet insbesondere das kantonale Polizeirecht. Wahrgenommen werden die genannten Aufgaben durch die kantonalen Fremdenpolizeibehörden in Zusammenarbeit mit den Polizeikommandos und der Flughafenpolizei Zürich und Genf.

Die Bundesbehörden selbst haben keine Vollzugskompetenzen. Der Bund kann die Kantone jedoch bei ihrem Vollzugsauftrag unterstützen. De lege ferenda wird der Bund mehr Verantwortung im Bereich des Wegweisungsvollzugs übernehmen. Mit Inkrafttreten des neuen Asylgesetzes bzw. des teilrevidierten Bundesgesetzes über Aufenthalt und Niederlassung der Ausländer sowie den entsprechenden Ausführungsbestimmungen wird die Vollzugsunterstützung des Bundes ausgebaut. Im weiteren hat die paritätische Arbeitsgruppe \"Wegweisungsvollzug\" der Schweizerischen Konferenz der kantonalen Justiz- und Polizeidirektoren (KKJPD) und dem Eidgenössischen Justiz- und Polizeidepartement (EJPD) einen Katalog von Massnahmen für eine effiziente und effektive Zusammenarbeit von Bund und Kantonen beim Vollzug von Wegweisungen vorgelegt. Gemäss den Beschlüssen des EJPD und der KKJPD wird künftig eine eigens beim Bundesamt für Flüchtlinge (BFF) geschaffene Abteilung Vollzugsunterstützung u. a. für die zentrale Papierbeschaffung zuständig sein.

Bund und Kantone haben sich darauf verständigt, dass die kantonalen Vollzugsbehörden - im Gegenzug für die Übernahme neuer Aufgaben durch den Bund - professionalisiert werden sollen. Priorität kommt gegenwärtig der Professionalisierung der Sicherheitsbegleitung beim Wegweisungsvollzug auf dem Luftweg zu. Entsprechende Projektarbeiten wurden vom BFF eingeleitet und den Kantonen unterbreitet. Daraus kann sich allenfalls ein weitergehendes Engagement des Bundes bei der begleiteten Rückführung auf dem Luftweg ergeben.

Es ist aber darauf hinzuweisen, dass der Bund auch künftig angesichts der fehlenden originären Polizeigewalt selber keine Ausschaffungen vornehmen kann und folglich die Vollzugsunterstützung auch nach der neuen Aufgabenteilung ausschliesslich logistischen, organisatorischen oder administrativen Charakter haben wird.

2. Dem EDA kommen in der schweizerischen Asyl- und Ausländerpolitik, neben den zuständigen Ämtern des EJPD und den kantonalen Fremdenpolizeibehörden und Polizeikorps, wichtige Aufgaben zu. Unter anderem koordiniert das BFF mit dem EDA mögliche Einsätze der Schweizer Vertretungen im Ausland. Dazu kann auch die Anwesenheit von Diplomaten oder Konsularbeamten auf Flughäfen in Transit- oder Zielländern im Rahmen schwieriger Rückführungen im Einvernehmen mit dem betreffenden Staat gehören. Das BFF entscheidet in Absprache mit den Kantonen und dem EDA über die Notwendigkeit der Präsenz eines Vertreters der Schweizer Botschaft zur Gewährleistung der Einreise in Einzelfällen. Die Erfahrung zeigt, dass die Anwesenheit eines Diplomaten zu einer erfolgreichen Rückführung beitragen kann.

3. Die fehlende Bereitschaft verschiedener ausländischer Vertretungen, die Schweizer Behörden bei Identitätsabklärungen und der Papierbeschaffung für Personen ohne gültigen Aufenthaltstitel zu unterstützen, bis hin zur völkerrechtswidrigen Weigerung einiger Staaten zur Rücknahme eigener Staatsangehöriger, kann die Durchsetzung der Ausreisepflicht in vielen Fällen erschweren oder gar verunmöglichen. In diesem Zusammenhang kann sich die Konditionierung der bilateralen Zusammenarbeit gerade für den Asyl- und Ausländerbereich unter Umständen als sinnvoll erweisen.

Der Bundesrat misst dem Grundsatz der Konditionalität im Sinne einer kohärenten Aussenpolitik und in Anlehnung an die Strategie der Europäischen Union grosse Bedeutung bei. So hat der Bundesrat in der Botschaft vom 19. August 1998 über die Weiterführung der verstärkten Zusammenarbeit mit Osteuropa und den Staaten der GUS erklärt, dass er die Rückübernahmebereitschaft des Empfängerstaates bei der Zusammenarbeit im Rahmen der Osthilfe berücksichtigen wird. Im weiteren hat der Bundesrat den Grundsatz der Konditionalität in der Botschaft vom 7. Dezember 1998 über die Weiterführung der technischen Zusammenarbeit und der Finanzhilfe zugunsten von Entwicklungsländern bestätigt und festgehalten, dass die Rückübernahmebereitschaft des Empfängerstaates im Rahmen der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit berücksichtigt wird.

Im weiteren sollen schweizerische Interessen im Rahmen der Konditionalität zukünftig nicht erst negativ beim Abbruch einer Zusammenarbeit - einer Sanktion Ultima ratio -, sondern als Folge einer kohärenten Aussenpolitik ebenfalls bei der Aufnahme einer Zusammenarbeit berücksichtigt werden.

Der Bundesrat erachtet es deshalb als notwendig, mit Herkunfts- sowie Transitstaaten von Migrationsbewegungen künftig grundsätzlich Rückführungsklauseln in hierfür geeignete neue Kooperationsabkommen zu integrieren. Dieses Vorgehen entspricht im übrigen der Politik der Europäischen Union.

4. De lege lata liegt die Zuständigkeit für die Beschaffung von Reisepapieren für Personen ohne gültigen Aufenthaltstitel bei den kantonalen Behörden. Seit dem 1. Juli 1999 ist die beim BFF neu geschaffene Abteilung Vollzugsunterstützung für die zentrale Papierbeschaffung zuständig. Das EDA ist an der Papierbeschaffung nicht unmittelbar beteiligt. Vielmehr interveniert das EDA auf Wunsch der Kantone bzw. des BFF bei den ausländischen Vertretungen in der Schweiz und unterstützt mit geeigneten Demarchen die Bemühungen der Vollzugsbehörden zur Erlangung von Reisepapieren.

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options","sort_begin_date","Start","sort_end_date","End","sort_name","Name","facet_all","All","facet_yes","facet_no","facet_payment","Compensation","facet_body","facet_date_from","From","facet_date_to","To","sort_voting_date","Date","sort_voting_title","Title","facet_vote","Vote","vote_yes","vote_no","vote_abstention","Abstention","sort_date_start","Speech date","sort_date_end","End date","facet_has_video","With video","sort_begin","sort_end","sort_group_name","sort_active","facet_type","Type","facet_active","facet_party","facet_group","facet_gender","facet_chamber","Chamber","chamber_both","Both","facet_deceased","Deceased","sort_firstname","First name","people_title","no_people","No people found.","controls_per_page","Per page","facet_country","Country","facet_electoral_district","country_che","Switzerland","country_lie","Liechtenstein","also_active_in","controls_search_placeholder_people","Search people…","controls_search_placeholder_alignment","Search members…","controls_search_placeholder_memberships","Search memberships…","controls_search_placeholder_interests","Search interests…","controls_search_placeholder_organizations","Search organizations…","controls_search_placeholder_votes","Search votes…","controls_search_placeholder_access_badges","Search access badges…","controls_search_placeholder_contributors","Search contributions…","controls_search_placeholder_speeches","Search speeches…","controls_search_hint_people","Searches names, place and postcode.","controls_search_hint_groups","Searches name, abbreviation and description.","controls_search_placeholder_groups","Search committees & groups…","controls_search_hint_organizations","Searches the organization name.","controls_search_hint_agendas","Searches title, description, number and category.","controls_search_placeholder_agendas","Search agenda items…","controls_search_hint_alignment","Searches the name of the compared member.","controls_search_hint_memberships","Searches group/body name, function and membership type.","controls_search_hint_interests","Searches organisation name, function and parliamentary group.","controls_search_hint_votes","Searches the voting title and the affair title.","controls_search_hint_access_badges","Searches guests' name and organisation.","controls_search_hint_contributors","Searches the affair title.","controls_search_hint_speeches","Searches the speech text.","controls_sort_status","Sorted by {field}, {direction}","sort_affair_date","Affair date","sort_role","Role","sort_affair_type","Affair type","sort_affair_number","Affair number","sort_valid_from","Valid from","sort_valid_to","Valid until","sort_version","facet_latest","Latest","gender_f","Female","gender_m","Male","gender_d","Diverse","lang_de","German","lang_fr","French","lang_it","Italian","lang_rm","Romansh","lang_en","English","lang_es","Spanish","bodies_title","affairs_title","no_bodies","No institutions found.","facet_has_parliament","With parliament","sort_canton","Canton","sort_position","Order","sort_population","Population","controls_search_placeholder_bodies","Search institutions…","controls_search_hint_bodies","Searches name, canton and key.","body_population","Residents","body_seats","Seats","controls_no_results","No matches for your search.","controls_filter_search","controls_loading","Loading results…","body_section_profile","Profile","body_has_parliament","Has parliament","body_languages","Languages","body_seats_legislative","Seats (legislative)","body_executive","Executive","body_seats_executive","Seats (executive)","body_consultations","Consultations","body_elections_votings","Elections & votings","body_flag","Flag","body_key_label","Body key","body_source_lang","Source language","body_people_directory_title","All people of this institution","body_composition_title","Current composition","body_chambers_title","Chambers","body_votings_title","no_votings","No recorded votings.","controls_search_placeholder_votings","Search votings…","controls_search_hint_votings","body_affairs_title","no_affairs","No recorded affairs.","affair_untitled","Untitled affair","affair_long_title","Full title","affair_number","Number","affair_official_record","affair_external_id","External ID","affair_agenda_section","Agenda items","controls_search_placeholder_affairs","Search affairs…","controls_search_hint_affairs","Searches affair title and affair number.","sort_affair_title","facet_state","State","view_all_votings","View all votings","view_all_affairs","View all affairs","external_link","External link","docs_title","docs_loading","Searching documents…","section_docs","no_docs","No documents.","view_all_docs","View all documents","controls_search_placeholder_docs","Search documents…","controls_search_hint_docs","Searches name and category.","facet_category","Category","facet_format","Format","facet_lang","facet_case","Case sensitive","facet_word","Whole word","facet_match_on","facet_match_off","section_events","no_events","No recorded events.","view_all_events","View full timeline","controls_search_placeholder_events","Search events…","controls_search_hint_events","Searches title, actor and details.","facet_actor_type","Actor type","event_untitled","Event","texts_title","texts_loading","Searching texts…","section_texts","no_texts","No texts.","view_all_texts","View all texts","controls_search_placeholder_texts","Search texts…","controls_search_hint_texts","Searches type and body text.","sort_type","text_untitled","Text","facet_position_country","facet_position_canton","facet_position_city","City","facet_position_commune","Commune","facet_position_other","Other","votings_title","voting_result_section","voting_decision","Decision","voting_meaning_yes","A yes means","voting_meaning_no","A no means","voting_affair","voting_chart_title","How they voted","voting_chart_alt","Seat map of {count} members, coloured by {mode}. {summary}","voting_table_alt","Table of how {count} members voted, one row per member, with their party and parliamentary group.","chart_export","chart_export_title","Export chart","chart_export_failed","Export failed.","chart_exporting","Exporting…","chart_download","Download","chart_close","chart_fullscreen","Fullscreen","chart_title","chart_title_ph","Optional title","chart_subtitle","Subtitle","chart_subtitle_ph","Optional subtitle","chart_colors","Colours & labels","chart_color_for","Colour for","chart_label_for","Label for","chart_reset","chart_order","chart_output","Output","chart_format","chart_theme","Theme","chart_theme_light","Light","chart_theme_dark","Dark","chart_size","Size","chart_options","Options","chart_show_legend","Show legend","chart_transparent","Transparent background","chart_interactive","Interactive","chart_credits","Credit","voting_chart_no_votes","No votes recorded.","voting_chart_seats","seats","voting_chart_no_seatmap","No seat data available.","voting_chart_col_person","Person","voting_chart_col_party","voting_chart_col_group","voting_chart_col_vote","voting_chart_by_party","Vote by party","voting_chart_by_party_seats","Seats by party","voting_chart_colour_by","Colour seats by","voting_chart_majority","Majority","voting_chart_edit","Edit & export","voting_chart_seat_note","Seat positions are illustrative, not the real chamber layout. Open the editor to rearrange the colours, labels and order, and export.","speeches_title","speeches_loading","Searching speeches…","speech_person","Speaker","speech_body","Institution","speech_affair","speech_meeting","groups_title","no_groups","No groups found.","group_untitled","Untitled group","section_meetings","no_meetings","No recorded meetings.","view_all_meetings","View all meetings","meetings_title","meeting_untitled","meeting_upcoming","Upcoming","facet_time","When","facet_upcoming","facet_past","Past","group_abbreviation","Abbreviation","group_description","Description","group_official_record","Official page","group_contact","member_unknown","section_votings","interests_title","interest_details","Details","interest_person","Declared by","interest_body","Granting body","interest_role","interest_type","interest_group","interest_place","Place","interest_period","Period","meeting_details","meeting_type","meeting_state","meeting_number","meeting_location","Location","meeting_period","meeting_group","meeting_body","group_type","description","controls_search_placeholder_meetings","Search meetings …","controls_search_hint_meetings","Name, location or description","section_agendas","no_agendas","No agenda items.","view_all_agendas","View all agenda items","agenda_untitled","speech_speaker_unknown","video","doc_untitled","Document","doc_body","doc_affair","doc_meeting","doc_agenda","section_contributors","Contributors","no_contributors","No contributors.","view_all_contributors","View all contributors","sort_number","topics_title","Most-used words","topics_intro","The words this person uses most across their speeches, with common filler words removed. Tile size shows how often a word is used.","topics_all_time","All time","topics_last_4y","Last 4 years","topics_last_8y","Last 8 years","topics_from","topics_to","topics_speeches","speeches","topics_words","words (filtered)","topics_distinct","distinct words","topics_uses","uses","topics_alt","Treemap of the {count} most-used words, sized by how often each is used. {ctx}","topics_table_alt","Table of the {count} most-used words and how often each is used. {ctx}","topics_table_toggle","Show as table","topics_table_word","Word","topics_empty","No speeches with usable text in this period. Try widening the range.","loyalty_title","Party loyalty","loyalty_subtitle","Share of a member's votes cast against their group's majority line (higher = more independent). Abstentions count as a position.","loyalty_axis","Dissent rate: share of votes against own group","loyalty_dissent","dissent","loyalty_ballots","votes","loyalty_empty","No votes in this period meet the thresholds for a loyalty score. Widen the range.","loyalty_chart_alt","Beeswarm plot of the dissent rate of {count} members, one dot per member, coloured by party. {ctx}","loyalty_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their votes, dissents and dissent rate. {ctx}","loyalty_col_member","loyalty_col_party","loyalty_col_group","loyalty_col_ballots","loyalty_col_dissents","Against","loyalty_col_rate","Dissent","loyalty_from","loyalty_to","loyalty_scale","Scale","loyalty_scale_log","Log","loyalty_scale_linear","Linear","loyalty_filters","Filters","cohesion_title","Group cohesion","cohesion_hint","mean Agreement Index (1 = unanimous)","section_alignment","Voting alignment","no_alignment","Not enough shared votes to compare.","view_all_alignment","View full alignment","alignment_agreed_of_shared","agreed on {agreed} of {shared} shared votes","sort_agreement","Agreement","sort_shared","Shared votes","facet_min_shared","Min. shared","min_shared_10","≥ 10","min_shared_20","≥ 20","min_shared_50","≥ 50","min_shared_100","≥ 100","section_body_alignment","body_alignment_subtitle","How members of this chamber vote relative to one another, from the votes they have in common. In the map, members who vote alike sit close together and opponents far apart. Colours are parties, so blocs and coalitions show up as clusters. The grid gives the average agreement between each pair of parties (the diagonal is each party's own internal cohesion).","alignment_from","alignment_to","alignment_view","View","alignment_view_scatter","Map","alignment_view_heatmap","Party grid","alignment_empty","Not enough votes in this window to build the model.","alignment_window_note","Most meaningful within a single legislative period: the model compares members from the votes they have in common. If the window spans an election or a change in composition, members with different terms barely overlap and positions become less comparable.","alignment_no_parties","No party groups to compare in this window.","alignment_scatter_alt","Scatter plot of {count} members placed by how similarly they voted, coloured by party. {ctx}","alignment_pairs","pairs","alignment_heatmap_note","Each cell is the average agreement between members of the two parties (diagonal = a party's internal cohesion). ± is the 95% confidence range and n the number of member-pairs behind it. A small range over many pairs means the alignment is well-established; a wide range means it's only suggestive.","alignment_heatmap_alt","Grid of the average voting agreement between {count} parties. {ctx}","alignment_members_heading","Members","alignment_members_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their agreement with the chamber and with their own party. {ctx}","alignment_col_member","alignment_col_party","alignment_col_votes","alignment_col_chamber","Aligns with chamber","alignment_col_party_align","Within party","alignment_zoom_in","Zoom in","alignment_zoom_out","Zoom out","alignment_zoom_reset","Reset zoom","alignment_filters","section_lobby","Lobby network","lobby_subtitle","The organizations members of this chamber declare in their register of interests, and where those ties overlap. In the network, members are dots (coloured by party) and organizations shared by two or more members are squares. Members who share the same organizations pull together. The breakdown shows how many mandates are paid versus unpaid, and who holds the most.","lobby_empty","No declared interests for this chamber in this window.","lobby_no_shared","No organizations are shared by two or more members here. See the breakdown.","lobby_network_alt","Network graph of {members} members and the {orgs} organizations they share, linked by declared interests. {ctx}","lobby_mandates","mandates","lobby_members_tied","members","lobby_unknown","Unknown","lobby_org_node","Organization","lobby_payment_heading","Paid vs unpaid mandates","lobby_top_orgs","Most-shared organizations","lobby_top_members","Members by mandates","discussion_title","Speech profiles","discussion_intro","Where members sit on a latent axis derived purely from the words they use in their speeches (Wordfish scaling).","discussion_calculating","Scaling speeches…","lobby_calculating","Computing lobby network…","discussion_error","The speech scaling could not be computed.","discussion_converged","Model converged","discussion_not_converged","Model did not fully converge. Read positions with extra caution.","discussion_members_scored","Members scored","discussion_vocab","Vocabulary","discussion_window","Window","discussion_show_all","discussion_show_reliable","Reliable only","discussion_methodology","How this is computed","discussion_range_label","Time range","discussion_range_1y","1 year","discussion_range_2y","2 years","discussion_range_4y","4 years","discussion_range_8y","8 years","discussion_plot_alt","Beeswarm plot of {count} members placed along a word-choice axis, one dot per member. {ctx}","discussion_plot_caption","Each dot is one member, placed by the words they use in their speeches. Members who reach for the same distinctive words sit close together; members who talk very differently sit far apart. So a member's spot isn't assigned by us; it comes out of how they actually speak. For example, someone who keeps saying “tax”, “budget” and “spending” lands far from someone who mostly says “asylum”, “border” and “integration”. Hover any dot for its details. Filled dots have enough speech to place reliably; hollow rings spoke too little, so read their position with caution.","discussion_empty","No speeches are available for this parliament, so its members can't be placed on the axis. This scaling reads the words members actually speak, and the data set only holds speech transcripts for a few parliaments: the federal chambers and a handful of cantons such as Bern, Basel-Stadt or St. Gallen. You can also try a longer time range above.","discussion_empty_sparse","There is too little speech transcript text for this parliament to place its members on the axis. Try a longer time range above.","discussion_pole_a","One pole","discussion_pole_b","Other pole","discussion_col_party","discussion_key_filled","Enough text (reliable)","discussion_key_ring","Below the word floor (low confidence)","discussion_align_title","Does the axis track party?","discussion_align_hint","How much of the spread in positions is explained by party membership (η²): 100% = parties are perfectly separated, ~0% = party tells you nothing.","discussion_align_strong","parties are clearly separated","discussion_align_moderate","parties are partly separated","discussion_align_weak","party barely explains the axis","discussion_poles_title","What the axis is made of","discussion_poles_hint","The words that most pull members towards each pole. The axis only means something once you read these. Its direction is arbitrary.","discussion_no_party","No party","discussion_col_name","discussion_col_position","Position","discussion_col_words","Words","discussion_col_speeches","discussion_low_confidence","low confidence","discussion_table_title","discussion_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their position on the word-choice axis. {ctx}","discussion_read_title","How to read this","discussion_read_direction","The axis direction is arbitrary: Wordfish finds the split, not which side is “left” or “right”. Read the word poles to see what each side means.","discussion_read_uncertainty","Positions are standardized, so the spread is a convention, not a real distance. Wider error bars (and hollow dots) mean less certainty, so don't over-read those members.","discussion_read_confound","Speech style reflects role as much as ideology: committee chairs, ministers and frequent speakers can land at a pole because of what they do, not only what they believe.","organizations_title","organizations_none","No organizations.","org_members","org_mandates","org_bodies","org_members_heading","org_members_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their party, body, role, payment and period. {ctx}","org_no_members","No members.","org_col_member","org_col_party","org_col_body","org_col_role","org_col_payment","Payment","org_col_period","sort_members","sort_mandates","Mandates","interest_unknown","lobby_panel_person","Declared organizations","lobby_panel_org","Members with this mandate","lobby_table_heading","Who is tied to what","lobby_table_explain","The full matrix marks every member against every shared organization: one dot per declared tie, the exhaustive view of who is tied to what.","lobby_table_large","For this chamber that is","lobby_table_cells","cells","lobby_table_show","Show table","lobby_table_alt","Table marking each of {count} members against the {orgs} organizations they are tied to, one dot per declared tie. {ctx}","lobby_select_hint","Select a member or organization to see its ties.","lobby_filters","lobby_error","The lobby network could not be computed.","lobby_clear_selection","Clear selection","close","not_found_person","Person not found","not_found_body","Parliament not found","not_found_affair","Affair not found","not_found_group","Committee or group not found","not_found_voting","Voting not found","not_found_meeting","Meeting not found","not_found_interest","Interest not found","not_found_organization","Organization not found","not_found_text","Text not found","not_found_doc","Document not found","not_found_speech","Speech not found","not_found_hint","There is no entry with the ID {id}. It may have been removed, or the link may be outdated.","not_found_back","Back to the overview","about","About","faq","FAQ","section_title","section_title_bodies","section_title_affairs","section_title_votings","section_title_texts","section_title_docs","section_subtitle_search","section_subtitle_discussion",{"_1594":1595,"_1611":777,"_1612":1613,"_1614":1615,"_1616":964,"_1295":537,"_1269":337,"_19":541,"_1617":544,"_1600":347,"_1618":1619,"_1620":748,"_1402":297,"_119":307,"_1597":449,"_124":317,"_121":547,"_126":327,"_1621":1074,"_1622":1208,"_1623":1244,"_1624":1208,"_1625":1626,"_1627":1208,"_1628":1629,"_1630":537,"_1631":716,"_1632":1208,"_1633":1615,"_1634":541,"_1601":416,"_1635":1636,"_1207":1208,"_1637":654,"_1220":1208,"_117":552,"_1638":1430,"_1639":1287,"_1640":1325,"_1641":1619,"_1642":1414,"_1602":357,"_1643":1406,"_1644":1208},"section_switcher",{"_1592":1593,"_1594":1595,"_1596":297,"_115":493,"_119":307,"_1597":449,"_1598":383,"_1269":337,"_126":327,"_1599":317,"_1600":347,"_1601":416,"_1602":357,"_1603":1604,"_1605":1606,"_1607":1608,"_1609":1610},"section_title_speeches","section_title_groups","section_title_interests","section_title_meetings","section_title_organizations","label_section","Section","home","Home","people","affairs","groups","documents","interests","meetings","organizations","group_parliament","Actors","group_proceedings","Proceedings","group_records","Records","group_lobbying","Lobbying","search","eyebrow","Data on {{name}}","overview","Overview","personal_data","memberships","access_badges","Lobby","images","texts_overview","text_details","docs_overview","doc_details","votings_overview","Voting","voting_details","voting_diagram","Diagram","voting_tally","speeches_overview","speech_details","groups_overview","contributions","interests_overview","Interest","meetings_overview","vocabulary","loyalty","alignment","lobby","discussion","organizations_overview","org_details",{"_1702":1703,"_1704":1705,"_1646":1706,"_248":1707},"intro",{"_1648":1649,"_1650":1651,"_1652":1653,"_1654":1655,"_1656":1657,"_1658":1659,"_1660":1661},"en",{"_1662":1697,"_1664":1698,"_1666":1699,"_1668":1700,"_1670":1701},"de",{"_1662":1692,"_1664":1693,"_1666":1694,"_1668":1695,"_1670":1696},"fr",{"_1662":1687,"_1664":1688,"_1666":1689,"_1668":1690,"_1670":1691},"it",{"_1662":1682,"_1664":1683,"_1666":1684,"_1668":1685,"_1670":1686},"es",{"_1662":1677,"_1664":1678,"_1666":1679,"_1668":1680,"_1670":1681},"pt",{"_1662":1672,"_1664":1673,"_1666":1674,"_1668":1675,"_1670":1676},"rm",{"_1662":1663,"_1664":1665,"_1666":1667,"_1668":1669,"_1670":1671},"cookie","Nus duvrain mo cookies essenzials e funcziunals. Nagina analitica, nagin tracking.","dataLang","La Svizra ha quatter linguas naziunalas, e questas datas datti en pliras da quellas. Intgins records èn plurilings, auters mo en ina lingua. Vus pudais tscherner en tge lingua ch'il cuntegn vegn mussà; sche vossa tscherna n'è betg disponibla per in record, vegnan duvradas las autras linguas en in urden da prioritad fix. Quai è independent da la lingua da l'interfatscha. As lascha reglar sut Configuraziuns › Lingua dal cuntegn (sura a dretga).","alt","Questa pagina è era disponibla per rumantsch.","switch","Mussar per rumantsch","dismiss","Betg pli mussar","Utilizamos apenas cookies essenciais e funcionais. Sem análises, sem rastreio.","A Suíça tem quatro línguas nacionais, e estes dados existem em várias delas. Alguns registos estão em várias línguas, outros apenas numa. Pode escolher em que idioma os conteúdos são apresentados; quando a sua escolha não está disponível para um registo, as restantes línguas são usadas por uma ordem de prioridade fixa. Isto é independente do idioma da interface. Configure em Definições › Idioma dos conteúdos (canto superior direito).","Esta página também está disponível em português.","Ver em português","Não mostrar novamente","Solo utilizamos cookies esenciales y funcionales. Sin análisis, sin seguimiento.","Suiza tiene cuatro lenguas nacionales, y estos datos existen en varias de ellas. Algunos registros están en varias lenguas, otros en una sola. Puede elegir en qué idioma se muestra el contenido; cuando su elección no está disponible para un registro, se utilizan las demás lenguas en un orden de prioridad fijo. Esto es independiente del idioma de la interfaz. Configúrelo en Ajustes › Idioma del contenido (arriba a la derecha).","Esta página también está disponible en español.","Ver en español","No volver a mostrar","Utilizziamo solo cookie essenziali e funzionali. Nessuna analisi, nessun tracciamento.","La Svizzera ha quattro lingue nazionali e questi dati esistono in diverse di esse. Alcune voci sono in più lingue, altre in una sola. Puoi scegliere in quale lingua mostrare i contenuti; se la tua scelta non è disponibile per una voce, vengono usate le altre lingue secondo un ordine di priorità prestabilito. Questo è indipendente dalla lingua dell'interfaccia. Impostabile in Impostazioni › Lingua del contenuto (in alto a destra).","Questa pagina è disponibile anche in italiano.","Vedi in italiano","Non mostrare più","Nous utilisons uniquement des cookies essentiels et fonctionnels. Aucune analyse, aucun suivi.","La Suisse a quatre langues nationales, et ces données existent dans plusieurs d'entre elles. Certaines entrées sont en plusieurs langues, d'autres dans une seule. Vous pouvez choisir la langue d'affichage du contenu ; si votre choix n'est pas disponible pour une entrée, les autres langues sont utilisées selon un ordre de priorité défini. Ceci est indépendant de la langue de l'interface. Réglable dans Paramètres › Langue du contenu (en haut à droite).","Cette page est aussi disponible en français.","Voir en français","Ne plus afficher","Wir verwenden nur essenzielle, funktionale Cookies. Keine Analyse, kein Tracking.","Die Schweiz hat vier Landessprachen, und diese Daten liegen in mehreren davon vor. Manche Einträge sind mehrsprachig, andere nur in einer Sprache. Sie können wählen, in welcher Sprache die Inhalte angezeigt werden; ist Ihre Wahl für einen Eintrag nicht verfügbar, werden die übrigen Sprachen in einer festen Prioritätsreihenfolge verwendet. Dies ist unabhängig von der Oberflächensprache. Einstellbar unter Einstellungen › Inhaltssprache (oben rechts).","Diese Seite ist auch auf Deutsch verfügbar.","Auf Deutsch anzeigen","Nicht mehr anzeigen","We use only essential, functional cookies. No analytics, no tracking.","Switzerland has four national languages, and this data comes in several of them. Some records are in multiple languages, some in only one. You can choose which language the content is shown in; when your choice isn't available for a record, the remaining languages are used in a set priority order. This is independent of the interface language. Set it under Settings › Content language (top right).","This page is also available in English.","View in English","Don't show again","settings",{"_1770":1771,"_1772":1773,"_1774":1129,"_1775":1776,"_1777":1131,"_1778":1133,"_1779":1780,"_1781":1782,"_1783":1784,"_1785":1786,"_1787":1788,"_602":603,"_1789":1790,"_1791":1792,"_1793":1794,"_1795":1796,"_1797":1798},"nav",{"_1594":1716,"_1717":1718,"_1719":652,"_1720":1721,"_1722":1723,"_1603":1604,"_1605":1606,"_1607":1608,"_1609":1610,"_1596":297,"_115":493,"_1598":383,"_1597":449,"_119":307,"_1601":416,"_1269":337,"_126":327,"_1599":317,"_1600":347,"_1602":357,"_1724":1709,"_1725":1726,"_1572":1573,"_1727":1728,"_1574":1575,"_1729":1730,"_1731":1732,"_1733":1734,"_1735":1736,"_1737":1738,"_1739":1740,"_1741":1742,"_1743":1744,"_1745":1746,"_1747":1748,"_1749":1750,"_1751":1752,"_1753":1754,"_1755":1756,"_1757":1758,"_1759":1760,"_1761":1762,"_1763":1713,"_1764":1765,"_1766":1767,"_1768":1769},{"_1662":1697,"_1664":1698,"_1666":1699,"_1668":1700,"_1670":1701},{"_1708":1709,"_1710":1711,"_1712":1713,"_1714":1715},"project.title","Project","project.desc","About parlhub: what the portal is, answers to common questions, and how the data fits together.","experiments.title","Experiments","experiments.desc","Experimental analyses and methodology showcases on parlhub, including the Wordfish scaling of parliaments from their speeches.","parlhub home","skip_to_content","Skip to main content","explore","start","Start here","start_desc","Quicklinks to chambers, cantons and communes","project","project_desc","The project at a glance","about_desc","What parlhub is and who is behind it","faq_desc","Answers to common questions","sustainability","Sustainability","sustainability_desc","How parlhub is hosted and what it costs the planet","accessibility","Accessibility","accessibility_desc","What works, what doesn't, and how to report a barrier","traffic_stats","Traffic statistics","traffic_stats_desc","Which parts of the site get requested, and by whom","imprint","Imprint","imprint_desc","Who runs parlhub, contact, and the licenses","github","GitHub","github_desc","The project's source code on GitHub","data_guide","Data guide","data_guide_desc","Every kind of data, in plain terms, with examples","data_map","Data map","data_map_desc","How the data fits together, at a glance","methodology","Methodology","methodology_desc","How each figure is calculated, with links to the code","experiments","experiments_desc","Experimental analyses and methodology write-ups","wordfish","Wordfish scaling","wordfish_desc","Placing members on an axis by the words in their speeches","menu_label","Settings","appearance","Appearance","theme","theme_system","System","theme_light","theme_dark","font_size","Font size","font_size_decrease","Decrease font size","font_size_increase","Increase font size","high_contrast","High contrast","grayscale","Grayscale","interface_language","Interface","content_language","Content language","content_language_auto","Auto (follow interface)","content_language_note","Language of the displayed data (names, titles, texts). 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