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Wie den Medien zu entnehmen war, nannte der Direktor des Atomkraftwerkes (AKW) Gösgen, Hans Fuchs, anlässlich einer öffentlichen Veranstaltung den beabsichtigten Ausstieg aus der Kernenergie \"einen Startschuss zu einem Völkermord des 21. Jahrhunderts\" (vgl. \"SonntagsZeitung\" vom 29. November 1998). Würden die AKW abgeschaltet, wären \"drastische Klimaschäden programmiert, und zwar mit Folgen, die den Holocaust als blosse Episode erscheinen lassen werden\". Ich möchte dem Bundesrat folgende Fragen unterbreiten:

1. Trifft es zu, dass der Geschäftsleiter des AKW Gösgen, Herr Hans Fuchs, diese Aussagen öffentlich durch Wort und Schrift gemacht hat?

2. Wie seit Tschernobyl bekannt ist, können nicht nur östliche AKW-Anlagen sehr gefährlich sein (verwiesen sei auf die starke radioaktive Verseuchung von Kindern in der Nähe von englischen und französischen Wiederaufbereitungsanlagen). Herr Fuchs betreibt eine Atomenergieanlage aufgrund einer Konzession des Bundes. Wenn ein Leiter eines vom Bund konzessionierten Betriebes mit der erwähnten Behauptung einen grossen Teil der Schweizer Bevölkerung, die sich verschiedentlich sehr kritisch zur Nuklearenergie ausgesprochen hat (Moratorium, Ausstiegszenarien), implizit des \"Völkermordes\" bezichtigt - bedarf es dafür nicht einer gewissen Portion \"AKW-Fanatismus\" oder zumindest einer \"nuklearen Voreingenommenheit\"?

3. Ich befürchte, dass (fast fanatisch) von der Atomenergie und ihrer angeblichen Sicherheit überzeugte Personen unter Umständen sogar Signale zum Abschalten einer Atomanlage subjektiv allenfalls nicht zur Kenntnis nehmen wollen oder würden. Ist Herr Fuchs nicht ein erhebliches Sicherheitsrisiko für die Schweiz? Ist der Bundesrat der Meinung, dass solche Persönlichkeiten für die vom Bund konzessionierten Werke noch zu verantworten sind?

4. Am 28. November 1974 trat für die Schweiz die ratifizierte Konvention zum Schutze der Menschenrechte und Grundfreiheiten in Kraft. Wie kann der Bundesrat die dort \"festgelegten Rechte und Freiheiten .... in den politischen oder anderen Anschauungen .... ohne Benachteiligung, gewährleisten\" (Art. 14 EMRK), wenn Direktoren vom Bund konzessionierter Unternehmungen einen grossen Teil der Bevölkerung des \"Völkermordes\" bezichtigen? Wird damit nicht auch die Konvention zum Schutze der Menschenrechte und Grundfreiheiten verletzt?

Wer \"öffentlich durch Wort, Schrift .... oder in anderer Weise eine Person oder eine Gruppe von Personen .... in einer gegen die Menschenwürde verstossenden Weise herabsetzt oder diskriminiert oder aus einem dieser Gründe Völkermord oder andere Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit .... gröblich verharmlost oder zu rechtfertigen sucht ....\" wird gemäss Artikel 261bis des Strafgesetzbuches mit Gefängnis oder Busse bestraft.

Ist er der Meinung, dass Herr Fuchs den obenerwähnten Straftatbestand erfüllt? Wenn ja, wäre nicht eine strafrechtliche Untersuchung und allenfalls ein Strafverfahren gegen ihn einzuleiten?

5. Der weitaus grösste Teil der Staaten dieser Welt (darunter auch Österreich, Dänemark, Italien usw.) verfügen über keine Nuklearanlagen und weisen vor allem in der Dritten Welt einen erheblich geringeren CO2-Ausstoss auf, als die rund zwei Dutzend Industriestaaten mit Nuklearanlagen.

Kann er aufgrund von Ländervergleichen beweisen, dass Nuklearanlagen mehr dazu beitragen, die Emissionen zu senken als eine effiziente rationelle Energienutzung? Besteht nicht die Gefahr, dass Nuklearinvestitionen den ungebremsten Energieverbrauch sowohl im elektrischen wie im fossilen Bereich fördern, weil die Mittel und Rahmenbedingungen für eine effiziente rationelle Energienutzung fehlen?

6. Bestreitet er, dass die Schweiz 1997 Primär-/Nutzenergieverluste von 58,5 Prozent ausgewiesen hat und dass mit einem Energienutzungswirkungsgrad von bloss 50 Prozent sowie mit der Ersetzung der stromverschwendenden Elektroheizungen durch Wärmepumpen, Wärmedämmung und neuen Technologien bereits mehr als die 22 Milliarden Kilowattstunde KKW-Strom substituiert werden könnten?

7. Kann er aufgrund der Tatsache, dass eine Gesellschaft im Walliser Berggebiet, die kürzlich mit dem Schweizer Solarpreis ausgezeichnet worden ist, innert fünf Jahren den Anteil an erneuerbaren Energien von 25 auf 82 Prozent erhöhen und rund 5,5 Millionen Kilowattstunden fossiler Energien substituieren kann, ausschliessen, dass solche oder ähnliche Energiesanierungen auch an den übrigen 1,2 bis 2 Millionen Schweizer Bauten möglich sind?

8. Die Behauptungen oder Annahmen der KKW-Befürworter, wonach Nuklearenergie den CO2-Ausstoss stärker vermindern würde als eine effiziente Energienutzung mit erneuerbaren Energien, sind bisher unbewiesen. Wie kann man ohne solide Beweislage eine politische Einstellung, über die man in guten Treuen geteilter Meinung sein kann, mit dem Holocaust vergleichen? Ist dies nicht eine \"grobe Verharmlosung eines Verbrechens gegen die Menschlichkeit\", die Herr Fuchs hiermit begangen hat?

9. Hat Herr Fuchs mit seinen Behauptungen nicht grosse Teile der Bevölkerung in der Schweiz und im Ausland erheblich beleidigt und sie ohne erhärtete Beweise des \"Völkermordes\" bezichtigt?

10. Nach der Nuklearkatastrophe von Tschernobyl ist unbestritten, dass die Nuklearenergie Menschen töten und verstümmeln und ganze Länder verseuchen kann. Nach Angaben der Betreiber des Bundesamtes für Energiewirtschaft kostet allein die Entsorgung der Schweizer Nuklearkraftwerke rund 16 Milliarden Franken.

Weil allein die Uranhalbwertszeiten rund 24 000 Jahre betragen, möchte ich gerne erfahren, für welche Zeitpunkte welche Mittel vorgesehen sind, die noch während der verbleibenden \"Betriebsdauer\" der Nuklearanlagen zu generieren sind:

a. Wieviel kostet die nukleare Entsorgung im 21. Jahrhundert, wie viele Millionen Franken im 22., im 23., im 24., im 25. Jahrhundert? Mit welchen Aufwendungen muss jeweils für jedes weitere Jahrhundert gerechnet werden, um die radioaktiven Abfälle sicher zu lagern (sicher für die Bevölkerung auch mit Bezug auf Nuklearkatastrophen, Erdbeben, Überschwemmungen usw.)?

b. Nachdem die Nuklearkraftwerke im 21. Jahrhundert auslaufen, möchte ich den Bundesrat fragen, wer für diese Kosten während der folgenden Jahre aufkommen wird.

c. Laut Berechnungen des Wirtschaftsministeriums der Regierung der Bundesrepublik Deutschland unter Bundeskanzler Helmut Kohl von 1992 würde eine Privatisierung der Nuklearenergie auch eine Privatisierung der Versicherungspflicht bedeuten, mit der Folge, dass eine KKW-Kilowattstunde DM 3.60 betragen würde. Gibt es in der Schweiz eine grössere Privatversicherung, welche die Schweizer KKW günstiger versichern würde - wenn ja, welche?

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1.-4./9. Die fraglichen Aussagen von Herrn Hans Fuchs in seinem Referat vom 26. November 1998 sind nicht akzeptabel. Herr Fuchs hat sich in der Zwischenzeit bei allen, die er mit seinen Äusserungen verletzt hat, öffentlich entschuldigt. Ob eine Verletzung der Europäischen Menschenrechtskonvention oder eine strafbare Handlung vorliegt, ist nicht durch den Bundesrat, sondern allenfalls durch die Gerichte zu beurteilen.

5./6./8. Der Anteil der Kernenergie am gesamten Primärenergieverbrauch betrug 1977 weltweit 7,3 Prozent (1987: 6,1). Der Anteil der Kernenergie an der Stromerzeugung beträgt etwa 17 Prozent. Einerseits wurden mit dem Einsatz der Kernenergie somit CO2-Emissionen vermieden, andererseits entstehen andere Umweltauswirkungen und -risiken. Während in Asien ein Ausbau der Kernenergiekapazitäten im Gange ist, stagniert die Branche in Europa und in Nordamerika. Ihr in absehbarer Zukunft zusätzlich zu erwartender Beitrag zur Reduktion der CO2-Emissionen ist deshalb gering. Der Anteil der praktisch CO2-freien Wasserkraft ist mit 2,7 Prozent global bescheiden. 90 Prozent der kommerziellen Primärenergieversorgung leisten heute die fossilen Energieträger. Der Gesamtwirkungsgrad der Energieversorgung ist tatsächlich klein (Nutzenergie wie Wärme, Licht, mechanische Arbeit im Verhältnis zum Primärenergieinput wie Reaktorwärme in KKW, Rohwasserkraft usw.). Allerdings beruhen die Angaben zum Teil auf Schätzungen und Annahmen. Wirkungsgradsteigerungen bei der Umwandlung von Primärenergie stossen auf natürliche Grenzen. Hingegen bestehen grosse Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten bei der Nutzung der Endenergie. Aus diesen Gründen haben die rationelle Energienutzung in allen Verbrauchssektoren und der Einsatz erneuerbarer Energien in der globalen Klimaschutzpolitik eine grosse Bedeutung. Der Beitrag der Wasserkraft an die Stromerzeugung soll erhalten bleiben. Diese Grundsätze wurden auch durch den energiepolitischen Dialog 1997/98 bekräftigt.

Die Vorsteher des UVEK und des EVD verhandeln mit den KKW-Betreibern, den Kernenergiegegnern und den Standortkantonen über Fristen für die Stillegung der bestehenden Anlagen in Verbindung mit möglichen Lösungen des Entsorgungsproblems. Die Option Kernenergie soll jedoch vorläufig offengehalten werden. Müsste nach Stillegung der bestehenden KKW der Restbedarf an Elektrizität durch fossilthermische Stromerzeugung gedeckt werden, würde die CO2-Reduktion nach 2010 in der Schweiz zwar nicht verunmöglicht, aber wesentlich erschwert.

7. Beim erwähnten Beispiel geht es um das Feriendorf Fiesch. Der Anteil an erneuerbaren Energien wurde von 24 Prozent auf 43 Prozent gesteigert (nicht auf 82 Prozent). Fiesch mit seiner hohen Dichte an Infrastrukturanlagen (z. B. Hallenbad, Sportzentrum) eignete sich besonders gut für die Durchführung von Sanierungsmassnahmen. Dieses Beispiel kann insbesondere aus Kostengründen nicht auf alle Schweizer Bauten übertragen werden. Die wirtschaftlich interessanten Möglichkeiten einer energetischen Verbesserung bestehender Bauten sind aber in den meisten Fällen gross und könnten durch rationelle Energienutzung und erneuerbare Energien verstärkt werden.

10. Wir verweisen auf Ziffer 2 der Antwort des Bundesrates vom 13. Januar 1999 zur Motion Loretan Otto vom 9. Oktober 1998 (98.3511) betreffend Stillegungs- und Entsorgungskosten der schweizerischen KKW.

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members…","controls_search_placeholder_memberships","Search memberships…","controls_search_placeholder_interests","Search interests…","controls_search_placeholder_organizations","Search organizations…","controls_search_placeholder_votes","Search votes…","controls_search_placeholder_access_badges","Search access badges…","controls_search_placeholder_contributors","Search contributions…","controls_search_placeholder_speeches","Search speeches…","controls_search_hint_people","Searches names, place and postcode.","controls_search_hint_groups","Searches name, abbreviation and description.","controls_search_placeholder_groups","Search committees & groups…","controls_search_hint_organizations","Searches the organization name.","controls_search_hint_agendas","Searches title, description, number and category.","controls_search_placeholder_agendas","Search agenda items…","controls_search_hint_alignment","Searches the name of the compared member.","controls_search_hint_memberships","Searches group/body name, function and membership type.","controls_search_hint_interests","Searches organisation name, function and parliamentary group.","controls_search_hint_votes","Searches the voting title and the affair title.","controls_search_hint_access_badges","Searches guests' name and organisation.","controls_search_hint_contributors","Searches the affair title.","controls_search_hint_speeches","Searches the speech text.","controls_sort_status","Sorted by {field}, {direction}","sort_affair_date","Affair date","sort_role","Role","sort_affair_type","Affair type","sort_affair_number","Affair number","sort_valid_from","Valid from","sort_valid_to","Valid until","sort_version","facet_latest","Latest","gender_f","Female","gender_m","Male","gender_d","Diverse","lang_de","German","lang_fr","French","lang_it","Italian","lang_rm","Romansh","lang_en","English","lang_es","Spanish","bodies_title","affairs_title","no_bodies","No institutions found.","facet_has_parliament","With parliament","sort_canton","Canton","sort_position","Order","sort_population","Population","controls_search_placeholder_bodies","Search institutions…","controls_search_hint_bodies","Searches name, canton and key.","body_population","Residents","body_seats","Seats","controls_no_results","No matches for your search.","controls_filter_search","controls_loading","Loading results…","body_section_profile","Profile","body_has_parliament","Has parliament","body_languages","Languages","body_seats_legislative","Seats (legislative)","body_executive","Executive","body_seats_executive","Seats (executive)","body_consultations","Consultations","body_elections_votings","Elections & votings","body_flag","Flag","body_key_label","Body key","body_source_lang","Source language","body_people_directory_title","All people of this institution","body_composition_title","Current composition","body_chambers_title","Chambers","body_votings_title","no_votings","No recorded votings.","controls_search_placeholder_votings","Search votings…","controls_search_hint_votings","body_affairs_title","no_affairs","No recorded affairs.","affair_untitled","Untitled affair","affair_long_title","Full title","affair_number","Number","affair_official_record","affair_external_id","External ID","affair_agenda_section","Agenda items","controls_search_placeholder_affairs","Search affairs…","controls_search_hint_affairs","Searches affair title and affair number.","sort_affair_title","facet_state","State","view_all_votings","View all votings","view_all_affairs","View all affairs","external_link","External link","docs_title","docs_loading","Searching documents…","section_docs","no_docs","No documents.","view_all_docs","View all documents","controls_search_placeholder_docs","Search documents…","controls_search_hint_docs","Searches name and category.","facet_category","Category","facet_format","Format","facet_lang","facet_case","Case sensitive","facet_word","Whole word","facet_match_on","facet_match_off","section_events","no_events","No recorded events.","view_all_events","View full timeline","controls_search_placeholder_events","Search events…","controls_search_hint_events","Searches title, actor and details.","facet_actor_type","Actor type","event_untitled","Event","texts_title","texts_loading","Searching texts…","section_texts","no_texts","No texts.","view_all_texts","View all texts","controls_search_placeholder_texts","Search texts…","controls_search_hint_texts","Searches type and body text.","sort_type","text_untitled","Text","facet_position_country","facet_position_canton","facet_position_city","City","facet_position_commune","Commune","facet_position_other","Other","votings_title","voting_result_section","voting_decision","Decision","voting_meaning_yes","A yes means","voting_meaning_no","A no means","voting_affair","voting_chart_title","How they voted","voting_chart_alt","Seat map of {count} members, coloured by {mode}. {summary}","voting_table_alt","Table of how {count} members voted, one row per member, with their party and parliamentary group.","chart_export","chart_export_title","Export chart","chart_export_failed","Export failed.","chart_exporting","Exporting…","chart_download","Download","chart_close","chart_fullscreen","Fullscreen","chart_title","chart_title_ph","Optional title","chart_subtitle","Subtitle","chart_subtitle_ph","Optional subtitle","chart_colors","Colours & labels","chart_color_for","Colour for","chart_label_for","Label for","chart_reset","chart_order","chart_output","Output","chart_format","chart_theme","Theme","chart_theme_light","Light","chart_theme_dark","Dark","chart_size","Size","chart_options","Options","chart_show_legend","Show legend","chart_transparent","Transparent background","chart_interactive","Interactive","chart_credits","Credit","voting_chart_no_votes","No votes recorded.","voting_chart_seats","seats","voting_chart_no_seatmap","No seat data available.","voting_chart_col_person","Person","voting_chart_col_party","voting_chart_col_group","voting_chart_col_vote","voting_chart_by_party","Vote by party","voting_chart_by_party_seats","Seats by party","voting_chart_colour_by","Colour seats by","voting_chart_majority","Majority","voting_chart_edit","Edit & export","voting_chart_seat_note","Seat positions are illustrative, not the real chamber layout. Open the editor to rearrange the colours, labels and order, and export.","speeches_title","speeches_loading","Searching speeches…","speech_person","Speaker","speech_body","Institution","speech_affair","speech_meeting","groups_title","no_groups","No groups found.","group_untitled","Untitled group","section_meetings","no_meetings","No recorded meetings.","view_all_meetings","View all meetings","meetings_title","meeting_untitled","meeting_upcoming","Upcoming","facet_time","When","facet_upcoming","facet_past","Past","group_abbreviation","Abbreviation","group_description","Description","group_official_record","Official page","group_contact","member_unknown","section_votings","interests_title","interest_details","Details","interest_person","Declared by","interest_body","Granting body","interest_role","interest_type","interest_group","interest_place","Place","interest_period","Period","meeting_details","meeting_type","meeting_state","meeting_number","meeting_location","Location","meeting_period","meeting_group","meeting_body","group_type","description","controls_search_placeholder_meetings","Search meetings …","controls_search_hint_meetings","Name, location or description","section_agendas","no_agendas","No agenda items.","view_all_agendas","View all agenda items","agenda_untitled","speech_speaker_unknown","video","doc_untitled","Document","doc_body","doc_affair","doc_meeting","doc_agenda","section_contributors","Contributors","no_contributors","No contributors.","view_all_contributors","View all contributors","sort_number","topics_title","Most-used words","topics_intro","The words this person uses most across their speeches, with common filler words removed. Tile size shows how often a word is used.","topics_all_time","All time","topics_last_4y","Last 4 years","topics_last_8y","Last 8 years","topics_from","topics_to","topics_speeches","topics_words","words (filtered)","topics_distinct","distinct words","topics_uses","uses","topics_alt","Treemap of the {count} most-used words, sized by how often each is used. {ctx}","topics_table_alt","Table of the {count} most-used words and how often each is used. {ctx}","topics_table_toggle","Show as table","topics_table_word","Word","topics_empty","No speeches with usable text in this period. Try widening the range.","loyalty_title","Party loyalty","loyalty_subtitle","Share of a member's votes cast against their group's majority line (higher = more independent). Abstentions count as a position.","loyalty_axis","Dissent rate: share of votes against own group","loyalty_dissent","dissent","loyalty_ballots","votes","loyalty_empty","No votes in this period meet the thresholds for a loyalty score. Widen the range.","loyalty_chart_alt","Beeswarm plot of the dissent rate of {count} members, one dot per member, coloured by party. {ctx}","loyalty_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their votes, dissents and dissent rate. {ctx}","loyalty_col_member","loyalty_col_party","loyalty_col_group","loyalty_col_ballots","loyalty_col_dissents","Against","loyalty_col_rate","Dissent","loyalty_from","loyalty_to","loyalty_scale","Scale","loyalty_scale_log","Log","loyalty_scale_linear","Linear","loyalty_filters","Filters","cohesion_title","Group cohesion","cohesion_hint","mean Agreement Index (1 = unanimous)","section_alignment","Voting alignment","no_alignment","Not enough shared votes to compare.","view_all_alignment","View full alignment","alignment_agreed_of_shared","agreed on {agreed} of {shared} shared votes","sort_agreement","Agreement","sort_shared","Shared votes","facet_min_shared","Min. shared","min_shared_10","≥ 10","min_shared_20","≥ 20","min_shared_50","≥ 50","min_shared_100","≥ 100","section_body_alignment","body_alignment_subtitle","How members of this chamber vote relative to one another, from the votes they have in common. In the map, members who vote alike sit close together and opponents far apart. Colours are parties, so blocs and coalitions show up as clusters. The grid gives the average agreement between each pair of parties (the diagonal is each party's own internal cohesion).","alignment_from","alignment_to","alignment_view","View","alignment_view_scatter","Map","alignment_view_heatmap","Party grid","alignment_empty","Not enough votes in this window to build the model.","alignment_window_note","Most meaningful within a single legislative period: the model compares members from the votes they have in common. If the window spans an election or a change in composition, members with different terms barely overlap and positions become less comparable.","alignment_no_parties","No party groups to compare in this window.","alignment_scatter_alt","Scatter plot of {count} members placed by how similarly they voted, coloured by party. {ctx}","alignment_pairs","pairs","alignment_heatmap_note","Each cell is the average agreement between members of the two parties (diagonal = a party's internal cohesion). ± is the 95% confidence range and n the number of member-pairs behind it. A small range over many pairs means the alignment is well-established; a wide range means it's only suggestive.","alignment_heatmap_alt","Grid of the average voting agreement between {count} parties. {ctx}","alignment_members_heading","Members","alignment_members_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their agreement with the chamber and with their own party. {ctx}","alignment_col_member","alignment_col_party","alignment_col_votes","alignment_col_chamber","Aligns with chamber","alignment_col_party_align","Within party","alignment_zoom_in","Zoom in","alignment_zoom_out","Zoom out","alignment_zoom_reset","Reset zoom","alignment_filters","section_lobby","Lobby network","lobby_subtitle","The organizations members of this chamber declare in their register of interests, and where those ties overlap. In the network, members are dots (coloured by party) and organizations shared by two or more members are squares. Members who share the same organizations pull together. The breakdown shows how many mandates are paid versus unpaid, and who holds the most.","lobby_empty","No declared interests for this chamber in this window.","lobby_no_shared","No organizations are shared by two or more members here. See the breakdown.","lobby_network_alt","Network graph of {members} members and the {orgs} organizations they share, linked by declared interests. {ctx}","lobby_mandates","mandates","lobby_members_tied","members","lobby_unknown","Unknown","lobby_org_node","Organization","lobby_payment_heading","Paid vs unpaid mandates","lobby_top_orgs","Most-shared organizations","lobby_top_members","Members by mandates","discussion_title","Speech profiles","discussion_intro","Where members sit on a latent axis derived purely from the words they use in their speeches (Wordfish scaling).","discussion_calculating","Scaling speeches…","lobby_calculating","Computing lobby network…","discussion_error","The speech scaling could not be computed.","discussion_converged","Model converged","discussion_not_converged","Model did not fully converge. Read positions with extra caution.","discussion_members_scored","Members scored","discussion_vocab","Vocabulary","discussion_window","Window","discussion_show_all","discussion_show_reliable","Reliable only","discussion_methodology","How this is computed","discussion_range_label","Time range","discussion_range_1y","1 year","discussion_range_2y","2 years","discussion_range_4y","4 years","discussion_range_8y","8 years","discussion_plot_alt","Beeswarm plot of {count} members placed along a word-choice axis, one dot per member. {ctx}","discussion_plot_caption","Each dot is one member, placed by the words they use in their speeches. Members who reach for the same distinctive words sit close together; members who talk very differently sit far apart. So a member's spot isn't assigned by us; it comes out of how they actually speak. For example, someone who keeps saying “tax”, “budget” and “spending” lands far from someone who mostly says “asylum”, “border” and “integration”. Hover any dot for its details. Filled dots have enough speech to place reliably; hollow rings spoke too little, so read their position with caution.","discussion_empty","No speeches are available for this parliament, so its members can't be placed on the axis. This scaling reads the words members actually speak, and the data set only holds speech transcripts for a few parliaments: the federal chambers and a handful of cantons such as Bern, Basel-Stadt or St. Gallen. You can also try a longer time range above.","discussion_empty_sparse","There is too little speech transcript text for this parliament to place its members on the axis. Try a longer time range above.","discussion_pole_a","One pole","discussion_pole_b","Other pole","discussion_col_party","discussion_key_filled","Enough text (reliable)","discussion_key_ring","Below the word floor (low confidence)","discussion_align_title","Does the axis track party?","discussion_align_hint","How much of the spread in positions is explained by party membership (η²): 100% = parties are perfectly separated, ~0% = party tells you nothing.","discussion_align_strong","parties are clearly separated","discussion_align_moderate","parties are partly separated","discussion_align_weak","party barely explains the axis","discussion_poles_title","What the axis is made of","discussion_poles_hint","The words that most pull members towards each pole. The axis only means something once you read these. Its direction is arbitrary.","discussion_no_party","No party","discussion_col_name","discussion_col_position","Position","discussion_col_words","Words","discussion_col_speeches","discussion_low_confidence","low confidence","discussion_table_title","discussion_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their position on the word-choice axis. {ctx}","discussion_read_title","How to read this","discussion_read_direction","The axis direction is arbitrary: Wordfish finds the split, not which side is “left” or “right”. Read the word poles to see what each side means.","discussion_read_uncertainty","Positions are standardized, so the spread is a convention, not a real distance. Wider error bars (and hollow dots) mean less certainty, so don't over-read those members.","discussion_read_confound","Speech style reflects role as much as ideology: committee chairs, ministers and frequent speakers can land at a pole because of what they do, not only what they believe.","organizations_title","organizations_none","No organizations.","org_members","org_mandates","org_bodies","org_members_heading","org_members_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their party, body, role, payment and period. {ctx}","org_no_members","No members.","org_col_member","org_col_party","org_col_body","org_col_role","org_col_payment","Payment","org_col_period","sort_members","sort_mandates","Mandates","interest_unknown","lobby_panel_person","Declared organizations","lobby_panel_org","Members with this mandate","lobby_table_heading","Who is tied to what","lobby_table_explain","The full matrix marks every member against every shared organization: one dot per declared tie, the exhaustive view of who is tied to what.","lobby_table_large","For this chamber that is","lobby_table_cells","cells","lobby_table_show","Show table","lobby_table_alt","Table marking each of {count} members against the {orgs} organizations they are tied to, one dot per declared tie. {ctx}","lobby_select_hint","Select a member or organization to see its ties.","lobby_filters","lobby_error","The lobby network could not be computed.","lobby_clear_selection","Clear selection","close","not_found_person","Person not found","not_found_body","Parliament not found","not_found_affair","Affair not found","not_found_group","Committee or group not found","not_found_voting","Voting not found","not_found_meeting","Meeting not found","not_found_interest","Interest not found","not_found_organization","Organization not found","not_found_text","Text not found","not_found_doc","Document not found","not_found_speech","Speech not found","not_found_hint","There is no entry with the ID {id}. It may have been removed, or the link may be outdated.","not_found_back","Back to the overview","about","About","faq","FAQ","section_title","section_title_bodies","section_title_affairs","section_title_votings","section_title_texts","section_title_docs","section_subtitle_search","section_subtitle_discussion",{"_1600":1601,"_1617":784,"_1618":1619,"_1620":1621,"_1622":971,"_1301":544,"_19":344,"_83":548,"_1623":551,"_1606":354,"_1624":1625,"_1626":755,"_1408":304,"_79":314,"_1603":456,"_85":324,"_81":554,"_87":334,"_1627":1081,"_1628":1215,"_1629":1251,"_1630":1215,"_1631":1632,"_1633":1215,"_1634":1635,"_1636":544,"_1637":723,"_1638":1215,"_1639":1621,"_1640":548,"_1607":423,"_1641":1642,"_1214":1215,"_1643":661,"_1227":1215,"_77":559,"_1644":1436,"_1645":1293,"_1646":1331,"_1647":1625,"_1648":1420,"_1608":364,"_1649":1412,"_1650":1215},"section_switcher",{"_1598":1599,"_1600":1601,"_1602":304,"_21":500,"_79":314,"_1603":456,"_1604":390,"_19":344,"_87":334,"_1605":324,"_1606":354,"_1607":423,"_1608":364,"_1609":1610,"_1611":1612,"_1613":1614,"_1615":1616},"section_title_speeches","section_title_groups","section_title_interests","section_title_meetings","section_title_organizations","label_section","Section","home","Home","people","affairs","groups","documents","interests","meetings","organizations","group_parliament","Actors","group_proceedings","Proceedings","group_records","Records","group_lobbying","Lobbying","search","eyebrow","Data on {{name}}","overview","Overview","personal_data","memberships","access_badges","Lobby","images","texts_overview","text_details","docs_overview","doc_details","votings_overview","Voting","voting_details","voting_diagram","Diagram","voting_tally","speeches_overview","speech_details","groups_overview","contributions","interests_overview","Interest","meetings_overview","vocabulary","loyalty","alignment","lobby","discussion","organizations_overview","org_details",{"_1708":1709,"_1710":1711,"_1652":1712,"_255":1713},"intro",{"_1654":1655,"_1656":1657,"_1658":1659,"_1660":1661,"_1662":1663,"_1664":1665,"_1666":1667},"en",{"_1668":1703,"_1670":1704,"_1672":1705,"_1674":1706,"_1676":1707},"de",{"_1668":1698,"_1670":1699,"_1672":1700,"_1674":1701,"_1676":1702},"fr",{"_1668":1693,"_1670":1694,"_1672":1695,"_1674":1696,"_1676":1697},"it",{"_1668":1688,"_1670":1689,"_1672":1690,"_1674":1691,"_1676":1692},"es",{"_1668":1683,"_1670":1684,"_1672":1685,"_1674":1686,"_1676":1687},"pt",{"_1668":1678,"_1670":1679,"_1672":1680,"_1674":1681,"_1676":1682},"rm",{"_1668":1669,"_1670":1671,"_1672":1673,"_1674":1675,"_1676":1677},"cookie","Nus duvrain mo cookies essenzials e funcziunals. Nagina analitica, nagin tracking.","dataLang","La Svizra ha quatter linguas naziunalas, e questas datas datti en pliras da quellas. Intgins records èn plurilings, auters mo en ina lingua. Vus pudais tscherner en tge lingua ch'il cuntegn vegn mussà; sche vossa tscherna n'è betg disponibla per in record, vegnan duvradas las autras linguas en in urden da prioritad fix. Quai è independent da la lingua da l'interfatscha. As lascha reglar sut Configuraziuns › Lingua dal cuntegn (sura a dretga).","alt","Questa pagina è era disponibla per rumantsch.","switch","Mussar per rumantsch","dismiss","Betg pli mussar","Utilizamos apenas cookies essenciais e funcionais. Sem análises, sem rastreio.","A Suíça tem quatro línguas nacionais, e estes dados existem em várias delas. Alguns registos estão em várias línguas, outros apenas numa. Pode escolher em que idioma os conteúdos são apresentados; quando a sua escolha não está disponível para um registo, as restantes línguas são usadas por uma ordem de prioridade fixa. Isto é independente do idioma da interface. Configure em Definições › Idioma dos conteúdos (canto superior direito).","Esta página também está disponível em português.","Ver em português","Não mostrar novamente","Solo utilizamos cookies esenciales y funcionales. Sin análisis, sin seguimiento.","Suiza tiene cuatro lenguas nacionales, y estos datos existen en varias de ellas. Algunos registros están en varias lenguas, otros en una sola. Puede elegir en qué idioma se muestra el contenido; cuando su elección no está disponible para un registro, se utilizan las demás lenguas en un orden de prioridad fijo. Esto es independiente del idioma de la interfaz. Configúrelo en Ajustes › Idioma del contenido (arriba a la derecha).","Esta página también está disponible en español.","Ver en español","No volver a mostrar","Utilizziamo solo cookie essenziali e funzionali. Nessuna analisi, nessun tracciamento.","La Svizzera ha quattro lingue nazionali e questi dati esistono in diverse di esse. Alcune voci sono in più lingue, altre in una sola. Puoi scegliere in quale lingua mostrare i contenuti; se la tua scelta non è disponibile per una voce, vengono usate le altre lingue secondo un ordine di priorità prestabilito. Questo è indipendente dalla lingua dell'interfaccia. Impostabile in Impostazioni › Lingua del contenuto (in alto a destra).","Questa pagina è disponibile anche in italiano.","Vedi in italiano","Non mostrare più","Nous utilisons uniquement des cookies essentiels et fonctionnels. Aucune analyse, aucun suivi.","La Suisse a quatre langues nationales, et ces données existent dans plusieurs d'entre elles. Certaines entrées sont en plusieurs langues, d'autres dans une seule. Vous pouvez choisir la langue d'affichage du contenu ; si votre choix n'est pas disponible pour une entrée, les autres langues sont utilisées selon un ordre de priorité défini. Ceci est indépendant de la langue de l'interface. Réglable dans Paramètres › Langue du contenu (en haut à droite).","Cette page est aussi disponible en français.","Voir en français","Ne plus afficher","Wir verwenden nur essenzielle, funktionale Cookies. Keine Analyse, kein Tracking.","Die Schweiz hat vier Landessprachen, und diese Daten liegen in mehreren davon vor. Manche Einträge sind mehrsprachig, andere nur in einer Sprache. Sie können wählen, in welcher Sprache die Inhalte angezeigt werden; ist Ihre Wahl für einen Eintrag nicht verfügbar, werden die übrigen Sprachen in einer festen Prioritätsreihenfolge verwendet. Dies ist unabhängig von der Oberflächensprache. Einstellbar unter Einstellungen › Inhaltssprache (oben rechts).","Diese Seite ist auch auf Deutsch verfügbar.","Auf Deutsch anzeigen","Nicht mehr anzeigen","We use only essential, functional cookies. No analytics, no tracking.","Switzerland has four national languages, and this data comes in several of them. Some records are in multiple languages, some in only one. You can choose which language the content is shown in; when your choice isn't available for a record, the remaining languages are used in a set priority order. This is independent of the interface language. Set it under Settings › Content language (top right).","This page is also available in English.","View in English","Don't show again","settings",{"_1776":1777,"_1778":1779,"_1780":1136,"_1781":1782,"_1783":1138,"_1784":1140,"_1785":1786,"_1787":1788,"_1789":1790,"_1791":1792,"_1793":1794,"_609":610,"_1795":1796,"_1797":1798,"_1799":1800,"_1801":1802,"_1803":1804},"nav",{"_1600":1722,"_1723":1724,"_1725":659,"_1726":1727,"_1728":1729,"_1609":1610,"_1611":1612,"_1613":1614,"_1615":1616,"_1602":304,"_21":500,"_1604":390,"_1603":456,"_79":314,"_1607":423,"_19":344,"_87":334,"_1605":324,"_1606":354,"_1608":364,"_1730":1715,"_1731":1732,"_1578":1579,"_1733":1734,"_1580":1581,"_1735":1736,"_1737":1738,"_1739":1740,"_1741":1742,"_1743":1744,"_1745":1746,"_1747":1748,"_1749":1750,"_1751":1752,"_1753":1754,"_1755":1756,"_1757":1758,"_1759":1760,"_1761":1762,"_1763":1764,"_1765":1766,"_1767":1768,"_1769":1719,"_1770":1771,"_1772":1773,"_1774":1775},{"_1668":1703,"_1670":1704,"_1672":1705,"_1674":1706,"_1676":1707},{"_1714":1715,"_1716":1717,"_1718":1719,"_1720":1721},"project.title","Project","project.desc","About parlhub: what the portal is, answers to common questions, and how the data fits together.","experiments.title","Experiments","experiments.desc","Experimental analyses and methodology showcases on parlhub, including the Wordfish scaling of parliaments from their speeches.","parlhub home","skip_to_content","Skip to main content","explore","start","Start here","start_desc","Quicklinks to chambers, cantons and communes","project","project_desc","The project at a glance","about_desc","What parlhub is and who is behind it","faq_desc","Answers to common questions","sustainability","Sustainability","sustainability_desc","How parlhub is hosted and what it costs the planet","accessibility","Accessibility","accessibility_desc","What works, what doesn't, and how to report a barrier","traffic_stats","Traffic statistics","traffic_stats_desc","Which parts of the site get requested, and by whom","imprint","Imprint","imprint_desc","Who runs parlhub, contact, and the licenses","github","GitHub","github_desc","The project's source code on GitHub","data_guide","Data guide","data_guide_desc","Every kind of data, in plain terms, with examples","data_map","Data map","data_map_desc","How the data fits together, at a glance","methodology","Methodology","methodology_desc","How each figure is calculated, with links to the code","experiments","experiments_desc","Experimental analyses and methodology write-ups","wordfish","Wordfish scaling","wordfish_desc","Placing members on an axis by the words in their speeches","menu_label","Settings","appearance","Appearance","theme","theme_system","System","theme_light","theme_dark","font_size","Font size","font_size_decrease","Decrease font size","font_size_increase","Increase font size","high_contrast","High contrast","grayscale","Grayscale","interface_language","Interface","content_language","Content language","content_language_auto","Auto (follow interface)","content_language_note","Language of the displayed data (names, titles, texts). Independent of the interface; when a record isn't available, the next language is used.","content_language_priority","Priority",{"_1780":1806,"_1785":1807,"_1808":212,"_1809":201,"_1810":201,"_1811":212,"_1812":-5},"system",100,"show_cookie_consent_message","ui_high_contrast","ui_grayscale","msg_lang_hint","content_lang"]