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1. Der Bundesrat sieht beim derzeitigen Stand der Forschung keinen Anlass, die von der Schweizerischen Nationalbank erstellte Buchhaltung des Goldhandels mit der deutschen Reichsbank und anderen Zentralbanken während des Zweiten Weltkrieges in Frage zu stellen. Es obliegt der von Professor Dr. J.-F. Bergier geleiteten unabhängigen Expertenkommission \"Schweiz/Zweiter Weltkrieg\", die von der Schweizerischen Nationalbank aufgearbeiteten Zahlen genau zu überprüfen, die Begleitumstände dieser Goldtransaktionen nochmals zu untersuchen und darauf gestützt etwaige neue Erkenntnisse mit dem bisherigen Forschungsstand zu vergleichen.

2. Es kann nicht von Raubgold gesprochen werden, das einerseits durch das Washingtoner Abkommen abgegolten und andererseits nicht abgegolten worden wäre. Gegen die Bezahlung von 250 Millionen Franken in Gold verzichteten die Alliierten im Bewusstsein ihrer ursprünglich weit höheren Begehren auf alle Ansprüche gegenüber der schweizerischen Regierung bzw. der Schweizerischen Nationalbank, die sich auf das von der Schweiz während des Krieges von Deutschland erworbene Gold bezogen. Das 1946 abgeschlossene und, was die Goldfrage betrifft, 1947 vollzogene Washingtoner Abkommen ist völkerrechtlich rechtsgültig und hält auch nach heutigen Kriterien einer rechtlichen Überprüfung stand. Die alliierten Verhandlungsdelegationen verhandelten in Kenntnis aller massgebenden Elemente.

Es wäre weder unter völkerrechtlichen noch politischen Gesichtspunkten verständlich, wenn einer der Vertragsstaaten besagtes Vertragswerk 51 Jahre nach dessen Abschluss, 50 Jahre nach dessen Vollzug bzw. 45 Jahre nach dessen Ablösung einer neuen Lösung zuzuführen beabsichtigte, die anderen Kriterien als den damals gültigen genügen sollte.

3. Der Bundesrat hat wiederholt seine grundsätzliche Bereitschaft erklärt, die Schweiz an einer von Historikern und anderen Fachleuten beschickten internationalen Expertenkonferenz zum Goldhandel im Zweiten Weltkrieg vertreten zu lassen. Einen diesbezüglichen Entscheid wird er indes erst in Kenntnis der Zielsetzungen und Modalitäten einer solchen Konferenz fällen. Soweit eine solche Konferenz darauf abzielt, Wissen und Forschungsergebnisse über die damaligen Goldgeschäfte der Zentralbanken, der Bank für internationalen Zahlungsausgleich und der Geschäftsbanken mit dem nationalsozialistischen Deutschland international auszutauschen und gemeinsam zu vertiefen, wird die Schweiz daraus Nutzen ziehen können. Eine internationale Historikerkonferenz wird naturgemäss Experten aller betroffenen Länder, die damals neutral bzw. kriegführend waren, offenstehen. Ausserdem könnte an diesem Anlass die besondere Problematik der Zuteilung des am Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges in Deutschland konfiszierten Goldes durch die sogenannte Tripartite Goldkommission und die Verwendung der noch im Besitze dieser Kommission verbliebenen restlichen Goldbestände zur Diskussion gestellt werden. Indem diese Fragen in einen internationalen historischen Rahmen gestellt werden, können die Goldtransaktionen der Schweiz mit dem Dritten Reich endlich in einem multilateralen Kontext analysiert werden, was dazu beitragen dürfte, die für eine objektive, faktenbezogene und nüchterne Untersuchung der Problematik erforderlichen Perspektiven und Proportionen wiederherzustellen.

Was die über die spezifische Goldthematik weit hinausreichende Frage des Raubgutes anbelangt, so misst die vom Bundesrat eingesetzte unabhängige Expertenkommission der Untersuchung auch dieser komplexen Problematik Priorität bei. Diese ist selbstverständlich ebenfalls in einen internationalen Kontext zu stellen, betrifft sie doch sowohl damalige kriegführende wie neutrale Staaten. Mit Blick auf den in mancher Hinsicht noch ungenügenden Forschungsstand in der Schweiz und die schwierigen politischen und rechtlichen Fragen, welche sich auf internationaler Ebene bezüglich der Raubgutfrage stellen, hält der Bundesrat eine schweizerische Initiative im Sinne der Fragesteller nicht für angebracht, zumal die Mitwirkung der betroffenen Staaten nicht gesichert ist.

4. Die Erkenntnis, dass tragfähige Lösungen für grenzüberschreitende Probleme einen internationalen Rahmen erfordern, ist nicht neu und hat schon lange vor den Erfahrungen der letzten Monate bestanden. Diesbezüglich besteht keine Notwendigkeit, die Rolle der Schweiz in der internationalen Staatenwelt neu zu reflektieren. Der Bundesrat ist seit langem der Ansicht, dass ein Uno-Beitritt ein wichtiger Schritt wäre, um bestehende Mitwirkungsdefizite abzubauen und Möglichkeiten zu schaffen, die schweizerischen Interessen gleichberechtigt im multilateralen Rahmen zu vertreten und zu verteidigen. Der Bundesrat verweist in diesem Zusammenhang auf seinen Bericht über die Aussenpolitik der Schweiz in den neunziger Jahren, in dem das Ziel eines Uno-Beitrittes klar umrissen wurde.

Antwort des Bundesrates.","affair_title",14749,"19971072_1","Titel des Geschäftes",14751,"19971072_5","Eingereichter Text","

Die Aufarbeitung der Geschichte verlangt nicht nur die sorgfältige Untersuchung der Fakten, sondern auch die politische Bewertung zentraler Erkenntnisse. Der politischen Diskussion und Bewertung dieser gesicherten Fakten kann und soll nicht mit dem Hinweis darauf ausgewichen werden, dass die Untersuchung betreffend viele Fragen noch im Gange ist (und womöglich noch viele Jahre dauern wird). Zum Beispiel war die politische Auseinandersetzung mit dem Judenstempel nötig, auch wenn andere Aspekte der Flüchtlingspolitik erneut untersucht werden müssen.

Im Zusammenhang mit dem Raubgold sind viele Fragen offen und müssen gründlich untersucht werden. Dies gilt namentlich für den Vorwurf der Übernahme von sogenanntem Totengold (Gold, das den KZ-Opfern abgenommen wurde) und für den Goldhandel der Geschäftsbanken und Privater mit den Nazis. Hinsichtlich des Raubgoldes, das die Nationalbank der deutschen Reichsbank abgenommen hatte, sind die wesentlichen - und beunruhigenden - Fakten seit der Studie von Werner Rings (1985) aber gesichert. Der weitaus grösste Teil des Nazi-Raubgoldes wurde über die Schweizer Nationalbank verschoben. Das übernommene Gold überstieg die deutschen Vorkriegsbestände bei weitem. Spätestens ab Mitte 1942 konnten die Nationalbank und der Bundesrat über die Fakten nicht mehr im unklaren sein (erste alliierte Warnungen, Artikel des Wirtschaftsjournalisten Wolff in der \"NZZ\" vom 15. August 1942 usw.). Nach dem Krieg kam die Schweiz im Rahmen des Washingtoner Abkommens mit einer Zahlung davon, die den Wert eines Viertels des übernommenen Raubgoldes nicht überstieg.

Die SP-Fraktion ist der Auffassung, dass es für die demokratische und an Grundrechten orientierte Schweiz unerträglich ist, wenn ihr vorgeworfen werden muss, schweizerische Institutionen hätten sich am Raubgut der Nazis bereichert oder gar eine Hehlerrolle eingenommen. Die Schweiz muss deshalb bereit sein, auch für den Teil des Raubgoldes, der nicht durch das Washingtoner Abkommen abgegolten wurde, eine Lösung zu finden. Diese kann aber - wie überhaupt die Lösung der mit dem Raubgold dieser Zeit verbundenen Fragen - letztlich nicht nationalstaatlich, sondern nur auf internationaler Ebene gefunden werden. Eine Voraussetzung dafür ist, dass die Schweiz nicht in der Defensive (oder einer nach PR-Gesichtspunkten definierten Politik) verbleibt, sondern wie bei der Einsetzung der Historikerkommission selber die Initiative ergreift.

Nachdem es um eine Stellungnahme von grosser Tragweite geht, die nicht der Task force überlassen werden darf, ersuchen wir den Bundesrat aus grundsätzlichen und aktuellen Überlegungen (Eizenstat-Bericht und bevorstehende Konferenzen), dem Parlament folgende Fragen zu beantworten:

1. Wie beurteilt der Bundesrat die gesicherten Fakten im Zusammenhang mit der Übernahme des Nazi-Raubgoldes durch die Nationalbank (unter Einschluss des Ergebnisses der Washingtoner Verhandlungen)?

2. Ist der Bundesrat bereit zu erklären, dass die Schweiz im Hinblick auf das von den Nazis übernommene Raubgold, soweit dieses nicht durch das Washingtoner Abkommen abgegolten ist, eine Lösung anstrebt, die internationalen und grundrechtlichen Ansprüchen genügt?

3. Ist der Bundesrat bereit, die Einberufung einer internationalen Expertenkonferenz anzuregen und zu fördern, welche international gültige Regeln für den Umgang mit dem Raubgold der Nazis entwickeln und vorschlagen soll?

4. Ist der Bundesrat auf dem Hintergrund der gemachten Erfahrungen und der Erkenntnis, dass es für tragfähige Lösungen einen internationalen Rahmen braucht, bereit, die Rolle der Schweiz in der internationalen Staatenwelt neu zu reflektieren? Ist er auch der Ansicht, dass es eine neue Uno-Debatte braucht?

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options","sort_begin_date","Start","sort_end_date","End","sort_name","Name","facet_all","All","facet_yes","facet_no","facet_payment","Compensation","facet_body","facet_date_from","From","facet_date_to","To","sort_voting_date","Date","sort_voting_title","Title","facet_vote","Vote","vote_yes","vote_no","vote_abstention","Abstention","sort_date_start","Speech date","sort_date_end","End date","facet_has_video","With video","sort_begin","sort_end","sort_group_name","sort_active","facet_type","Type","facet_active","facet_party","facet_group","facet_gender","facet_chamber","Chamber","chamber_both","Both","facet_deceased","Deceased","sort_firstname","First name","people_title","no_people","No people found.","controls_per_page","Per page","facet_country","Country","facet_electoral_district","country_che","Switzerland","country_lie","Liechtenstein","also_active_in","controls_search_placeholder_people","Search people…","controls_search_placeholder_alignment","Search members…","controls_search_placeholder_memberships","Search memberships…","controls_search_placeholder_interests","Search interests…","controls_search_placeholder_organizations","Search organizations…","controls_search_placeholder_votes","Search votes…","controls_search_placeholder_access_badges","Search access badges…","controls_search_placeholder_contributors","Search contributions…","controls_search_placeholder_speeches","Search speeches…","controls_search_hint_people","Searches names, place and postcode.","controls_search_hint_groups","Searches name, abbreviation and description.","controls_search_placeholder_groups","Search committees & groups…","controls_search_hint_organizations","Searches the organization name.","controls_search_hint_agendas","Searches title, description, number and category.","controls_search_placeholder_agendas","Search agenda items…","controls_search_hint_alignment","Searches the name of the compared member.","controls_search_hint_memberships","Searches group/body name, function and membership type.","controls_search_hint_interests","Searches organisation name, function and parliamentary group.","controls_search_hint_votes","Searches the voting title and the affair title.","controls_search_hint_access_badges","Searches guests' name and organisation.","controls_search_hint_contributors","Searches the affair title.","controls_search_hint_speeches","Searches the speech text.","controls_sort_status","Sorted by {field}, {direction}","sort_affair_date","Affair date","sort_role","Role","sort_affair_type","Affair type","sort_affair_number","Affair number","sort_valid_from","Valid from","sort_valid_to","Valid until","sort_version","facet_latest","Latest","gender_f","Female","gender_m","Male","gender_d","Diverse","lang_de","German","lang_fr","French","lang_it","Italian","lang_rm","Romansh","lang_en","English","lang_es","Spanish","bodies_title","affairs_title","no_bodies","No institutions found.","facet_has_parliament","With parliament","sort_canton","Canton","sort_position","Order","sort_population","Population","controls_search_placeholder_bodies","Search institutions…","controls_search_hint_bodies","Searches name, canton and key.","body_population","Residents","body_seats","Seats","controls_no_results","No matches for your search.","controls_filter_search","controls_loading","Loading results…","body_section_profile","Profile","body_has_parliament","Has parliament","body_languages","Languages","body_seats_legislative","Seats (legislative)","body_executive","Executive","body_seats_executive","Seats (executive)","body_consultations","Consultations","body_elections_votings","Elections & votings","body_flag","Flag","body_key_label","Body key","body_source_lang","Source language","body_people_directory_title","All people of this institution","body_composition_title","Current composition","body_chambers_title","Chambers","body_votings_title","no_votings","No recorded votings.","controls_search_placeholder_votings","Search votings…","controls_search_hint_votings","body_affairs_title","no_affairs","No recorded affairs.","affair_untitled","Untitled affair","affair_long_title","Full title","affair_number","Number","affair_official_record","affair_external_id","External ID","affair_agenda_section","Agenda items","controls_search_placeholder_affairs","Search affairs…","controls_search_hint_affairs","Searches affair title and affair number.","sort_affair_title","facet_state","State","view_all_votings","View all votings","view_all_affairs","View all affairs","external_link","External link","docs_title","docs_loading","Searching documents…","section_docs","no_docs","No documents.","view_all_docs","View all documents","controls_search_placeholder_docs","Search documents…","controls_search_hint_docs","Searches name and category.","facet_category","Category","facet_format","Format","facet_lang","facet_case","Case sensitive","facet_word","Whole word","facet_match_on","facet_match_off","section_events","no_events","No recorded events.","view_all_events","View full timeline","controls_search_placeholder_events","Search events…","controls_search_hint_events","Searches title, actor and details.","facet_actor_type","Actor type","event_untitled","Event","texts_title","texts_loading","Searching texts…","section_texts","no_texts","No texts.","view_all_texts","View all texts","controls_search_placeholder_texts","Search texts…","controls_search_hint_texts","Searches type and body text.","sort_type","text_untitled","Text","facet_position_country","facet_position_canton","facet_position_city","City","facet_position_commune","Commune","facet_position_other","Other","votings_title","voting_result_section","voting_decision","Decision","voting_meaning_yes","A yes means","voting_meaning_no","A no means","voting_affair","voting_chart_title","How they voted","voting_chart_alt","Seat map of {count} members, coloured by {mode}. {summary}","voting_table_alt","Table of how {count} members voted, one row per member, with their party and parliamentary group.","chart_export","chart_export_title","Export chart","chart_export_failed","Export failed.","chart_exporting","Exporting…","chart_download","Download","chart_close","chart_fullscreen","Fullscreen","chart_title","chart_title_ph","Optional title","chart_subtitle","Subtitle","chart_subtitle_ph","Optional subtitle","chart_colors","Colours & labels","chart_color_for","Colour for","chart_label_for","Label for","chart_reset","chart_order","chart_output","Output","chart_format","chart_theme","Theme","chart_theme_light","Light","chart_theme_dark","Dark","chart_size","Size","chart_options","Options","chart_show_legend","Show legend","chart_transparent","Transparent background","chart_interactive","Interactive","chart_credits","Credit","voting_chart_no_votes","No votes recorded.","voting_chart_seats","seats","voting_chart_no_seatmap","No seat data available.","voting_chart_col_person","Person","voting_chart_col_party","voting_chart_col_group","voting_chart_col_vote","voting_chart_by_party","Vote by party","voting_chart_by_party_seats","Seats by party","voting_chart_colour_by","Colour seats by","voting_chart_majority","Majority","voting_chart_edit","Edit & export","voting_chart_seat_note","Seat positions are illustrative, not the real chamber layout. Open the editor to rearrange the colours, labels and order, and export.","speeches_title","speeches_loading","Searching speeches…","speech_person","Speaker","speech_body","Institution","speech_affair","speech_meeting","groups_title","no_groups","No groups found.","group_untitled","Untitled group","section_meetings","no_meetings","No recorded meetings.","view_all_meetings","View all meetings","meetings_title","meeting_untitled","meeting_upcoming","Upcoming","facet_time","When","facet_upcoming","facet_past","Past","group_abbreviation","Abbreviation","group_description","Description","group_official_record","Official page","group_contact","member_unknown","section_votings","interests_title","interest_details","Details","interest_person","Declared by","interest_body","Granting body","interest_role","interest_type","interest_group","interest_place","Place","interest_period","Period","meeting_details","meeting_type","meeting_state","meeting_number","meeting_location","Location","meeting_period","meeting_group","meeting_body","group_type","description","controls_search_placeholder_meetings","Search meetings …","controls_search_hint_meetings","Name, location or description","section_agendas","no_agendas","No agenda items.","view_all_agendas","View all agenda items","agenda_untitled","speech_speaker_unknown","video","doc_untitled","Document","doc_body","doc_affair","doc_meeting","doc_agenda","section_contributors","Contributors","no_contributors","No contributors.","view_all_contributors","View all contributors","sort_number","topics_title","Most-used words","topics_intro","The words this person uses most across their speeches, with common filler words removed. Tile size shows how often a word is used.","topics_all_time","All time","topics_last_4y","Last 4 years","topics_last_8y","Last 8 years","topics_from","topics_to","topics_speeches","speeches","topics_words","words (filtered)","topics_distinct","distinct words","topics_uses","uses","topics_alt","Treemap of the {count} most-used words, sized by how often each is used. {ctx}","topics_table_alt","Table of the {count} most-used words and how often each is used. {ctx}","topics_table_toggle","Show as table","topics_table_word","Word","topics_empty","No speeches with usable text in this period. Try widening the range.","loyalty_title","Party loyalty","loyalty_subtitle","Share of a member's votes cast against their group's majority line (higher = more independent). Abstentions count as a position.","loyalty_axis","Dissent rate: share of votes against own group","loyalty_dissent","dissent","loyalty_ballots","votes","loyalty_empty","No votes in this period meet the thresholds for a loyalty score. Widen the range.","loyalty_chart_alt","Beeswarm plot of the dissent rate of {count} members, one dot per member, coloured by party. {ctx}","loyalty_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their votes, dissents and dissent rate. {ctx}","loyalty_col_member","loyalty_col_party","loyalty_col_group","loyalty_col_ballots","loyalty_col_dissents","Against","loyalty_col_rate","Dissent","loyalty_from","loyalty_to","loyalty_scale","Scale","loyalty_scale_log","Log","loyalty_scale_linear","Linear","loyalty_filters","Filters","cohesion_title","Group cohesion","cohesion_hint","mean Agreement Index (1 = unanimous)","section_alignment","Voting alignment","no_alignment","Not enough shared votes to compare.","view_all_alignment","View full alignment","alignment_agreed_of_shared","agreed on {agreed} of {shared} shared votes","sort_agreement","Agreement","sort_shared","Shared votes","facet_min_shared","Min. shared","min_shared_10","≥ 10","min_shared_20","≥ 20","min_shared_50","≥ 50","min_shared_100","≥ 100","section_body_alignment","body_alignment_subtitle","How members of this chamber vote relative to one another, from the votes they have in common. In the map, members who vote alike sit close together and opponents far apart. Colours are parties, so blocs and coalitions show up as clusters. The grid gives the average agreement between each pair of parties (the diagonal is each party's own internal cohesion).","alignment_from","alignment_to","alignment_view","View","alignment_view_scatter","Map","alignment_view_heatmap","Party grid","alignment_empty","Not enough votes in this window to build the model.","alignment_window_note","Most meaningful within a single legislative period: the model compares members from the votes they have in common. If the window spans an election or a change in composition, members with different terms barely overlap and positions become less comparable.","alignment_no_parties","No party groups to compare in this window.","alignment_scatter_alt","Scatter plot of {count} members placed by how similarly they voted, coloured by party. {ctx}","alignment_pairs","pairs","alignment_heatmap_note","Each cell is the average agreement between members of the two parties (diagonal = a party's internal cohesion). ± is the 95% confidence range and n the number of member-pairs behind it. A small range over many pairs means the alignment is well-established; a wide range means it's only suggestive.","alignment_heatmap_alt","Grid of the average voting agreement between {count} parties. {ctx}","alignment_members_heading","Members","alignment_members_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their agreement with the chamber and with their own party. {ctx}","alignment_col_member","alignment_col_party","alignment_col_votes","alignment_col_chamber","Aligns with chamber","alignment_col_party_align","Within party","alignment_zoom_in","Zoom in","alignment_zoom_out","Zoom out","alignment_zoom_reset","Reset zoom","alignment_filters","section_lobby","Lobby network","lobby_subtitle","The organizations members of this chamber declare in their register of interests, and where those ties overlap. In the network, members are dots (coloured by party) and organizations shared by two or more members are squares. Members who share the same organizations pull together. The breakdown shows how many mandates are paid versus unpaid, and who holds the most.","lobby_empty","No declared interests for this chamber in this window.","lobby_no_shared","No organizations are shared by two or more members here. See the breakdown.","lobby_network_alt","Network graph of {members} members and the {orgs} organizations they share, linked by declared interests. {ctx}","lobby_mandates","mandates","lobby_members_tied","members","lobby_unknown","Unknown","lobby_org_node","Organization","lobby_payment_heading","Paid vs unpaid mandates","lobby_top_orgs","Most-shared organizations","lobby_top_members","Members by mandates","discussion_title","Speech profiles","discussion_intro","Where members sit on a latent axis derived purely from the words they use in their speeches (Wordfish scaling).","discussion_calculating","Scaling speeches…","lobby_calculating","Computing lobby network…","discussion_error","The speech scaling could not be computed.","discussion_converged","Model converged","discussion_not_converged","Model did not fully converge. Read positions with extra caution.","discussion_members_scored","Members scored","discussion_vocab","Vocabulary","discussion_window","Window","discussion_show_all","discussion_show_reliable","Reliable only","discussion_methodology","How this is computed","discussion_range_label","Time range","discussion_range_1y","1 year","discussion_range_2y","2 years","discussion_range_4y","4 years","discussion_range_8y","8 years","discussion_plot_alt","Beeswarm plot of {count} members placed along a word-choice axis, one dot per member. {ctx}","discussion_plot_caption","Each dot is one member, placed by the words they use in their speeches. Members who reach for the same distinctive words sit close together; members who talk very differently sit far apart. So a member's spot isn't assigned by us; it comes out of how they actually speak. For example, someone who keeps saying “tax”, “budget” and “spending” lands far from someone who mostly says “asylum”, “border” and “integration”. Hover any dot for its details. Filled dots have enough speech to place reliably; hollow rings spoke too little, so read their position with caution.","discussion_empty","No speeches are available for this parliament, so its members can't be placed on the axis. This scaling reads the words members actually speak, and the data set only holds speech transcripts for a few parliaments: the federal chambers and a handful of cantons such as Bern, Basel-Stadt or St. Gallen. You can also try a longer time range above.","discussion_empty_sparse","There is too little speech transcript text for this parliament to place its members on the axis. Try a longer time range above.","discussion_pole_a","One pole","discussion_pole_b","Other pole","discussion_col_party","discussion_key_filled","Enough text (reliable)","discussion_key_ring","Below the word floor (low confidence)","discussion_align_title","Does the axis track party?","discussion_align_hint","How much of the spread in positions is explained by party membership (η²): 100% = parties are perfectly separated, ~0% = party tells you nothing.","discussion_align_strong","parties are clearly separated","discussion_align_moderate","parties are partly separated","discussion_align_weak","party barely explains the axis","discussion_poles_title","What the axis is made of","discussion_poles_hint","The words that most pull members towards each pole. The axis only means something once you read these. Its direction is arbitrary.","discussion_no_party","No party","discussion_col_name","discussion_col_position","Position","discussion_col_words","Words","discussion_col_speeches","discussion_low_confidence","low confidence","discussion_table_title","discussion_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their position on the word-choice axis. {ctx}","discussion_read_title","How to read this","discussion_read_direction","The axis direction is arbitrary: Wordfish finds the split, not which side is “left” or “right”. Read the word poles to see what each side means.","discussion_read_uncertainty","Positions are standardized, so the spread is a convention, not a real distance. Wider error bars (and hollow dots) mean less certainty, so don't over-read those members.","discussion_read_confound","Speech style reflects role as much as ideology: committee chairs, ministers and frequent speakers can land at a pole because of what they do, not only what they believe.","organizations_title","organizations_none","No organizations.","org_members","org_mandates","org_bodies","org_members_heading","org_members_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their party, body, role, payment and period. {ctx}","org_no_members","No members.","org_col_member","org_col_party","org_col_body","org_col_role","org_col_payment","Payment","org_col_period","sort_members","sort_mandates","Mandates","interest_unknown","lobby_panel_person","Declared organizations","lobby_panel_org","Members with this mandate","lobby_table_heading","Who is tied to what","lobby_table_explain","The full matrix marks every member against every shared organization: one dot per declared tie, the exhaustive view of who is tied to what.","lobby_table_large","For this chamber that is","lobby_table_cells","cells","lobby_table_show","Show table","lobby_table_alt","Table marking each of {count} members against the {orgs} organizations they are tied to, one dot per declared tie. {ctx}","lobby_select_hint","Select a member or organization to see its ties.","lobby_filters","lobby_error","The lobby network could not be computed.","lobby_clear_selection","Clear selection","close","not_found_person","Person not found","not_found_body","Parliament not found","not_found_affair","Affair not found","not_found_group","Committee or group not found","not_found_voting","Voting not found","not_found_meeting","Meeting not found","not_found_interest","Interest not found","not_found_organization","Organization not found","not_found_text","Text not found","not_found_doc","Document not found","not_found_speech","Speech not found","not_found_hint","There is no entry with the ID {id}. It may have been removed, or the link may be outdated.","not_found_back","Back to the overview","about","About","faq","FAQ","section_title","section_title_bodies","section_title_affairs","section_title_votings","section_title_texts","section_title_docs","section_subtitle_search","section_subtitle_discussion",{"_1549":1550,"_1566":732,"_1567":1568,"_1569":1570,"_1571":919,"_1250":492,"_1224":291,"_19":496,"_1572":499,"_1555":301,"_1573":1574,"_1575":703,"_1357":251,"_104":261,"_1552":403,"_109":271,"_106":502,"_111":281,"_1576":1029,"_1577":1163,"_1578":1199,"_1579":1163,"_1580":1581,"_1582":1163,"_1583":1584,"_1585":492,"_1586":671,"_1587":1163,"_1588":1570,"_1589":496,"_1556":370,"_1590":1591,"_1162":1163,"_1592":609,"_1175":1163,"_102":507,"_1593":1385,"_1594":1242,"_1595":1280,"_1596":1574,"_1597":1369,"_1557":311,"_1598":1361,"_1599":1163},"section_switcher",{"_1547":1548,"_1549":1550,"_1551":251,"_100":447,"_104":261,"_1552":403,"_1553":337,"_1224":291,"_111":281,"_1554":271,"_1555":301,"_1556":370,"_1557":311,"_1558":1559,"_1560":1561,"_1562":1563,"_1564":1565},"section_title_speeches","section_title_groups","section_title_interests","section_title_meetings","section_title_organizations","label_section","Section","home","Home","people","affairs","groups","documents","interests","meetings","organizations","group_parliament","Actors","group_proceedings","Proceedings","group_records","Records","group_lobbying","Lobbying","search","eyebrow","Data on {{name}}","overview","Overview","personal_data","memberships","access_badges","Lobby","images","texts_overview","text_details","docs_overview","doc_details","votings_overview","Voting","voting_details","voting_diagram","Diagram","voting_tally","speeches_overview","speech_details","groups_overview","contributions","interests_overview","Interest","meetings_overview","vocabulary","loyalty","alignment","lobby","discussion","organizations_overview","org_details",{"_1657":1658,"_1659":1660,"_1601":1661,"_202":1662},"intro",{"_1603":1604,"_1605":1606,"_1607":1608,"_1609":1610,"_1611":1612,"_1613":1614,"_1615":1616},"en",{"_1617":1652,"_1619":1653,"_1621":1654,"_1623":1655,"_1625":1656},"de",{"_1617":1647,"_1619":1648,"_1621":1649,"_1623":1650,"_1625":1651},"fr",{"_1617":1642,"_1619":1643,"_1621":1644,"_1623":1645,"_1625":1646},"it",{"_1617":1637,"_1619":1638,"_1621":1639,"_1623":1640,"_1625":1641},"es",{"_1617":1632,"_1619":1633,"_1621":1634,"_1623":1635,"_1625":1636},"pt",{"_1617":1627,"_1619":1628,"_1621":1629,"_1623":1630,"_1625":1631},"rm",{"_1617":1618,"_1619":1620,"_1621":1622,"_1623":1624,"_1625":1626},"cookie","Nus duvrain mo cookies essenzials e funcziunals. Nagina analitica, nagin tracking.","dataLang","La Svizra ha quatter linguas naziunalas, e questas datas datti en pliras da quellas. Intgins records èn plurilings, auters mo en ina lingua. Vus pudais tscherner en tge lingua ch'il cuntegn vegn mussà; sche vossa tscherna n'è betg disponibla per in record, vegnan duvradas las autras linguas en in urden da prioritad fix. Quai è independent da la lingua da l'interfatscha. As lascha reglar sut Configuraziuns › Lingua dal cuntegn (sura a dretga).","alt","Questa pagina è era disponibla per rumantsch.","switch","Mussar per rumantsch","dismiss","Betg pli mussar","Utilizamos apenas cookies essenciais e funcionais. Sem análises, sem rastreio.","A Suíça tem quatro línguas nacionais, e estes dados existem em várias delas. Alguns registos estão em várias línguas, outros apenas numa. Pode escolher em que idioma os conteúdos são apresentados; quando a sua escolha não está disponível para um registo, as restantes línguas são usadas por uma ordem de prioridade fixa. Isto é independente do idioma da interface. Configure em Definições › Idioma dos conteúdos (canto superior direito).","Esta página também está disponível em português.","Ver em português","Não mostrar novamente","Solo utilizamos cookies esenciales y funcionales. Sin análisis, sin seguimiento.","Suiza tiene cuatro lenguas nacionales, y estos datos existen en varias de ellas. Algunos registros están en varias lenguas, otros en una sola. Puede elegir en qué idioma se muestra el contenido; cuando su elección no está disponible para un registro, se utilizan las demás lenguas en un orden de prioridad fijo. Esto es independiente del idioma de la interfaz. Configúrelo en Ajustes › Idioma del contenido (arriba a la derecha).","Esta página también está disponible en español.","Ver en español","No volver a mostrar","Utilizziamo solo cookie essenziali e funzionali. Nessuna analisi, nessun tracciamento.","La Svizzera ha quattro lingue nazionali e questi dati esistono in diverse di esse. Alcune voci sono in più lingue, altre in una sola. Puoi scegliere in quale lingua mostrare i contenuti; se la tua scelta non è disponibile per una voce, vengono usate le altre lingue secondo un ordine di priorità prestabilito. Questo è indipendente dalla lingua dell'interfaccia. Impostabile in Impostazioni › Lingua del contenuto (in alto a destra).","Questa pagina è disponibile anche in italiano.","Vedi in italiano","Non mostrare più","Nous utilisons uniquement des cookies essentiels et fonctionnels. Aucune analyse, aucun suivi.","La Suisse a quatre langues nationales, et ces données existent dans plusieurs d'entre elles. Certaines entrées sont en plusieurs langues, d'autres dans une seule. Vous pouvez choisir la langue d'affichage du contenu ; si votre choix n'est pas disponible pour une entrée, les autres langues sont utilisées selon un ordre de priorité défini. Ceci est indépendant de la langue de l'interface. Réglable dans Paramètres › Langue du contenu (en haut à droite).","Cette page est aussi disponible en français.","Voir en français","Ne plus afficher","Wir verwenden nur essenzielle, funktionale Cookies. Keine Analyse, kein Tracking.","Die Schweiz hat vier Landessprachen, und diese Daten liegen in mehreren davon vor. Manche Einträge sind mehrsprachig, andere nur in einer Sprache. Sie können wählen, in welcher Sprache die Inhalte angezeigt werden; ist Ihre Wahl für einen Eintrag nicht verfügbar, werden die übrigen Sprachen in einer festen Prioritätsreihenfolge verwendet. Dies ist unabhängig von der Oberflächensprache. Einstellbar unter Einstellungen › Inhaltssprache (oben rechts).","Diese Seite ist auch auf Deutsch verfügbar.","Auf Deutsch anzeigen","Nicht mehr anzeigen","We use only essential, functional cookies. No analytics, no tracking.","Switzerland has four national languages, and this data comes in several of them. Some records are in multiple languages, some in only one. You can choose which language the content is shown in; when your choice isn't available for a record, the remaining languages are used in a set priority order. This is independent of the interface language. Set it under Settings › Content language (top right).","This page is also available in English.","View in English","Don't show again","settings",{"_1725":1726,"_1727":1728,"_1729":1084,"_1730":1731,"_1732":1086,"_1733":1088,"_1734":1735,"_1736":1737,"_1738":1739,"_1740":1741,"_1742":1743,"_557":558,"_1744":1745,"_1746":1747,"_1748":1749,"_1750":1751,"_1752":1753},"nav",{"_1549":1671,"_1672":1673,"_1674":607,"_1675":1676,"_1677":1678,"_1558":1559,"_1560":1561,"_1562":1563,"_1564":1565,"_1551":251,"_100":447,"_1553":337,"_1552":403,"_104":261,"_1556":370,"_1224":291,"_111":281,"_1554":271,"_1555":301,"_1557":311,"_1679":1664,"_1680":1681,"_1527":1528,"_1682":1683,"_1529":1530,"_1684":1685,"_1686":1687,"_1688":1689,"_1690":1691,"_1692":1693,"_1694":1695,"_1696":1697,"_1698":1699,"_1700":1701,"_1702":1703,"_1704":1705,"_1706":1707,"_1708":1709,"_1710":1711,"_1712":1713,"_1714":1715,"_1716":1717,"_1718":1668,"_1719":1720,"_1721":1722,"_1723":1724},{"_1617":1652,"_1619":1653,"_1621":1654,"_1623":1655,"_1625":1656},{"_1663":1664,"_1665":1666,"_1667":1668,"_1669":1670},"project.title","Project","project.desc","About parlhub: what the portal is, answers to common questions, and how the data fits together.","experiments.title","Experiments","experiments.desc","Experimental analyses and methodology showcases on parlhub, including the Wordfish scaling of parliaments from their speeches.","parlhub home","skip_to_content","Skip to main content","explore","start","Start here","start_desc","Quicklinks to chambers, cantons and communes","project","project_desc","The project at a glance","about_desc","What parlhub is and who is behind it","faq_desc","Answers to common questions","sustainability","Sustainability","sustainability_desc","How parlhub is hosted and what it costs the planet","accessibility","Accessibility","accessibility_desc","What works, what doesn't, and how to report a barrier","traffic_stats","Traffic statistics","traffic_stats_desc","Which parts of the site get requested, and by whom","imprint","Imprint","imprint_desc","Who runs parlhub, contact, and the licenses","github","GitHub","github_desc","The project's source code on GitHub","data_guide","Data guide","data_guide_desc","Every kind of data, in plain terms, with examples","data_map","Data map","data_map_desc","How the data fits together, at a glance","methodology","Methodology","methodology_desc","How each figure is calculated, with links to the code","experiments","experiments_desc","Experimental analyses and methodology write-ups","wordfish","Wordfish scaling","wordfish_desc","Placing members on an axis by the words in their speeches","menu_label","Settings","appearance","Appearance","theme","theme_system","System","theme_light","theme_dark","font_size","Font size","font_size_decrease","Decrease font size","font_size_increase","Increase font size","high_contrast","High contrast","grayscale","Grayscale","interface_language","Interface","content_language","Content language","content_language_auto","Auto (follow interface)","content_language_note","Language of the displayed data (names, titles, texts). 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