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1. In der schweizerischen Verkehrspolitik besteht seit längerem die Erkenntnis, dass der Stückguttransport durch die Bahn nur wirtschaftlich tragbar ist, wenn er international eingebettet werden kann. Auf Veranlassung der SBB hat die CDS dem Vernehmen nach Verhandlungen mit potentiellen ausländischen Partnern geführt. In diesem Zusammenhang soll die Firma Bahntrans (Thyssen-Gruppe) angeblich eine Absichtserklärung abgegeben haben.

2. Die SBB haben im Bereich des Cargo-Domizil-Geschäftes teilweise während Jahrzehnten mit privaten Strassentransporteuren zusammengearbeitet. Diese Partner wurden vom Verantwortlichen der SBB noch vor kurzem motiviert, weitere erhebliche finanzielle Mittel zu investieren. In diesem Zusammenhang gaben die SBB finanzielle Zusagen und Forderungsverzichte ab. Alsdann haben die SBB ihre Restforderungen an die CDS abgetreten.

3. Der Verwaltungsrat der SBB hat entschieden, dass das Vorkaufsrecht der CSS an den Aktien der CDS zu respektieren sei.

4. Die verschiedenen Regionalgesellschaften, die flächendeckend in der Schweiz etabliert wurden, waren mit der CDS durch einen detaillierten Franchisevertrag, welcher durch SBB-Verantwortliche ausgearbeitet worden ist, verbunden. Die CDS hat ihre Verpflichtungen aus diesem Franchisevertrag nicht erfüllen können. Einige Regionalgesellschaften stehen heute wegen der Misswirtschaft der CDS unmittelbar vor dem Konkurs.

5. Falls die Transvision die CDS tatsächlich übernimmt, können drei- bis vierhundert Arbeitnehmer von der neuen Trägerschaft nicht mehr weiterbeschäftigt werden. Dem Vernehmen nach sollen diese Arbeitnehmer wieder in die SBB integriert werden.

6. Der wirkliche Gesamtverlust der SBB aus dem Cargo-Domizil-Geschäft unter Leitung der CDS ist nirgends klar dokumentiert.

7. Im Zusammenhang mit der Privatisierung des Stückgutverkehrs gerieten Vertreter der SBB-Generaldirektion mehrfach negativ in die Schlagzeilen. Es wurden massive Vorwürfe erhoben, namentlich betreffend Misswirtschaft und eigenmächtigem Vorgehen.

","affair_title",13020,"19963339_5","Eingereichter Text","

Der Bundesrat wird aufgefordert, zu folgenden Fragen Stellung zu nehmen:

1. Weshalb wird das Bestreben, einen internationalen Partner für die SBB zu finden, nicht weiterverfolgt und statt dessen einem direkten Konkurrenten der SBB, der privaten Firma Transvision, der Stückgutverkehr abgetreten?

2. Steht der Entscheid der SBB, sich vom Cargo-Domizil-Projekt zu trennen, als Entscheid zu Lasten der Bahn und zugunsten der Strasse im Einklang mit der aktuellen schweizerischen Verkehrspolitik?

3. Weshalb werden langjährige Partner der SBB, die in guten Treuen in das Cargo-Domizil-Projekt wesentliche Summen investiert haben, mit dem Entscheid zugunsten der Transvision vor den Kopf gestossen?

4. Ist es richtig, dass die SBB gegenüber ihren langjährigen Partnern (privaten Transporteuren) in finanzieller Hinsicht Zusicherungen und Forderungsverzichte abgegeben haben?

5. Ist es richtig, dass die SBB alle ihre offenen Forderungen aus dem Cargo-Domizil-Geschäft an die CDS abgetreten haben?

6. Weshalb wird trotz des Verwaltungsratsentscheides der SBB, das Vorkaufsrecht der CSS an den Aktien der CDS zu respektieren, die prozessrechtliche Auseinandersetzung zwischen SBB und CSS mit aller Härte weitergeführt?

7. Ist es richtig, dass der von der CDS mit den Regionalgesellschaften abgeschlossene Franchisevertrag in wesentlichen Teilen nicht erfüllt wurde und dass daraus massive Schadenersatzforderungen seitens der Regionalgesellschaften gegenüber der CDS und den SBB resultieren?

8. Was gedenkt der Bundesrat zu tun, damit nicht eine Prozesslawine auf den Bund zukommt?

9. Findet es der Bundesrat richtig, dass das CDS-Aktienpaket abgestossen wird, bevor die Sanierung der Regionalgesellschaften und die damit verbundene Einigung abgeschlossen ist?

10. Können die nach Veräusserung des CDS-Aktienpaketes freiwerdenden Arbeitnehmer, drei- bis vierhundert an der Zahl, von den SBB sinnvoll weiterbeschäftigt werden?

11. Wie hoch ist der wirkliche Gesamtverlust der SBB aus dem Cargo-Domizil-Projekt?

12. Wie stellt sich der Bundesrat zu den Vorwürfen gegenüber der SBB-Generaldirektion?

13. Ist der Bundesrat der Meinung, dass die ganze Angelegenheit personelle Konsequenzen bei den SBB haben muss?

",13019,"19963339_14","Antwort BR / Büro","

Im Jahre 1977 hat das Parlament die Aufhebung der Beförderungspflicht im Stückgutverkehr beschlossen; diese Aufhebung ist auf den 1. Januar 1978 in Kraft getreten. Zudem hat der Leistungsauftrag 1987 an die SBB den Cargo-Domizil-Dienst dem marktwirtschaftlichen Bereich zugewiesen. Darin werden die marktwirtschaftlichen Leistungen abschliessend wie folgt definiert:

a. Personenfernverkehr (einschliesslich Gepäcktransport);

b. Wagenladungsverkehr (einschliesslich Containerverkehr);

c. Stückgutverkehr (Art. 2 Abs. 1 LA 87).

Der Bund verzichtet darauf, auf die operationelle Abwicklung dieser Verkehrssparten Einfluss zu nehmen. Hingegen legt der Bundesrat gemäss Artikel 2 Absatz 3 LA 87 den Infrastrtukturbeitrag fest, den die SBB \"unter grössten unternehmerischen Anstrengungen\" mit diesen Verkehrssparten zu leisten imstande sind. Im übrigen aber beschränkt sich die Oberaufsicht des Bundesrates auf die rechtlich einwandfreie Abwicklung der Geschäfte durch die SBB und auf deren Globalergebnis.

Demgegenüber verlangte der Bund in den vergangenen Jahren eine wesentliche Verbesserung der Kostendeckung bei den SBB. Dies führte in der Folge zur Privatisierung von Cargo Domizil. Im Sinne der Oberaufsicht intervenierte der Vorsteher des Eidgenössischen Verkehrs- und Energiewirtschaftsdepartementes zweimal beim Verwaltungsrat der SBB, um eine rechtlich einwandfreie Abwicklung des Verkaufs der CDS AG sicherzustellen.

Zu den Fragen 1 bis 11 des Interpellanten nehmen die SBB wie folgt Stellung:

\"1. Während Monaten haben die SBB Interessenten für die Übernahme von CDS AG gesucht. Es haben sogar Kontakte mit ausländischen Firmen stattgefunden. Die einzige konkrete Offerte war diejenige, die Transvision eingereicht hat. Eine schweizerische Lösung erlaubt es, die Beschäftigung der bestehenden Camionnagedienste bestmöglich sicherzustellen.

2. Der Bundesrat und das Parlament verlangen seit Jahren von den SBB, dass sie den auf den Cargo-Domizil-Dienst zurückzuführenden Verlust beseitigen oder, falls dies nicht möglich sein sollte, dass sie sich aus diesem Tätigkeitsbereich zurückziehen. Dies ist nun mit dem Verkauf an die Firma Transvision erfolgt.

3. Die Camionnage-Domizildienste haben Gelegenheit gehabt, die Geschicke von Cargo Domizil auf den 1. Januar 1995 in die Hand zu nehmen. Ihr Anteil am Aktienkapital der CDS AG, den sie in Verbindung mit der CSS Luzern halten, war mit 34 Prozent höher als derjenige der SBB (33 Prozent). Das Ziel wurde leider nicht erreicht. Die finanzielle Lage eines grossen Teils der regionalen Cargo-Domizil-Unternehmungen, deren Aktionäre die Camionneure selbst sind, war leider so schlecht, dass eine Weiterführung ihrer Tätigkeit in diesem Rahmen nicht mehr möglich war.

4. Die SBB haben sich einverstanden erklärt, auf einen Teil ihrer Forderungen gegenüber den regionalen Unternehmungen, die sich in einer sehr schlechten finanziellen Lage befinden, zu verzichten. Dieser Verzicht erfolgte in der Form eines Sanierungsbeitrages über die CDS AG und einer Vereinbarung über einen gegenseitigen Verzicht auf Forderungen per saldo aller Konten.

5. Die Verträge betreffend die Detachierung des SBB-Personals, die Transporte und die Vermietung von Räumlichkeiten wurden zwischen den SBB und CDS AG abgeschlossen. Letztere ist somit Schuldnerin für beinahe alle von den SBB erbrachten Leistungen. Anschliessend stellt die CDS AG Rechnungen an jede regionale Unternehmung für deren Anteil. Dies erklärt den hohen Betrag, den diese Unternehmungen der CDS AG schulden.

6. Die SBB anerkennen das Vorkaufsrecht der CSS. Dieses Recht konnte bis am 27. August 1996 ausgeübt werden. Der Verwaltungsrat der SBB hat dies beschlossen. Die SBB haben mit der CDS-Gruppe eine schlechte Erfahrung gemacht. Es war kaum vorstellbar, dass mit den praktisch gleichen Strukturen und Teilnehmern ein Erfolg eintreten könne. Die SBB konnten nicht mehr das Risiko eingehen, mit einem Neustart auf einer unveränderten Basis wiederum grosse Summen zu verlieren.

7. Seitens der regionalen Unternehmungen wurden gegenüber der CDS AG bis heute keine Schadenersatzforderungen geltend gemacht.

8. Die SBB haben alle nötigen Massnahmen ergriffen, damit dieses Geschäft gemäss dem gültigen Recht abgewickelt wurde.

9. Vor ihrem Verkauf verlor die CDS AG monatlich 2 bis 3 Millionen Franken. Im Falle eines Konkurses oder einer Liquidierung der CDS AG hätten die SBB einen grossen Teil ihrer Forderungen verloren. Eine rasche Beseitigung dieser Verlustquelle drängte sich somit auf.

10. Das detachierte Personal der SBB erwartete eine rasche Entscheidung bezüglich seiner beruflichen Zukunft. Mangels geeigneter Beschäftigungsmöglichkeiten stellte eine Rückkehr zur SBB jedoch Probleme.

11. Der Gesamtverlust der SBB aus dem Cargo-Domizil-Projekt ist im Geschäftsbericht 1995 der SBB ersichtlich: der Verlust belief sich im Jahre 1994, d. h. vor der Reorganisation, auf 119,3 Millionen Franken und im Jahre 1995 auf 77,1 Millionen Franken. Für das Jahr 1996 ist noch mit 30 bis 40 Millionen Franken zu rechnen.\"

Zu den zwei letzten Fragen nimmt der Bundesrat wie folgt Stellung:

12. Die von den Finanz- und Geschäftsprüfungskommissionen eingesetzte gemeinsame Arbeitsgruppe Cargo Domizil hat ihren Bericht an die Finanz- und an die Geschäftsprüfungskommissionen der eidgenössischen Räte am 17. September 1996 verabschiedet. Der Bericht enthält u. a. die Empfehlung, eine Administrativuntersuchung zu eröffnen, um die Verantwortlichkeiten für den Misserfolg der CDS AG abzuklären. Der Vorsteher des EVED hat diese Administrativuntersuchung inzwischen eingeleitet.

13. Bis zum Vorliegen der Ergebnisse der Administrativuntersuchung, die im Frühjahr 1997 vorliegen dürften, will sich der Bundesrat zu dieser Frage nicht äussern.

Antwort des Bundesrates.",13018,"19963339_1","Titel des 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members…","controls_search_placeholder_memberships","Search memberships…","controls_search_placeholder_interests","Search interests…","controls_search_placeholder_organizations","Search organizations…","controls_search_placeholder_votes","Search votes…","controls_search_placeholder_access_badges","Search access badges…","controls_search_placeholder_contributors","Search contributions…","controls_search_placeholder_speeches","Search speeches…","controls_search_hint_people","Searches names, place and postcode.","controls_search_hint_groups","Searches name, abbreviation and description.","controls_search_placeholder_groups","Search committees & groups…","controls_search_hint_organizations","Searches the organization name.","controls_search_hint_agendas","Searches title, description, number and category.","controls_search_placeholder_agendas","Search agenda items…","controls_search_hint_alignment","Searches the name of the compared member.","controls_search_hint_memberships","Searches group/body name, function and membership type.","controls_search_hint_interests","Searches organisation name, function and parliamentary group.","controls_search_hint_votes","Searches the voting title and the affair title.","controls_search_hint_access_badges","Searches guests' name and organisation.","controls_search_hint_contributors","Searches the affair title.","controls_search_hint_speeches","Searches the speech text.","controls_sort_status","Sorted by {field}, {direction}","sort_affair_date","Affair date","sort_role","Role","sort_affair_type","Affair type","sort_affair_number","Affair number","sort_valid_from","Valid from","sort_valid_to","Valid until","sort_version","facet_latest","Latest","gender_f","Female","gender_m","Male","gender_d","Diverse","lang_de","German","lang_fr","French","lang_it","Italian","lang_rm","Romansh","lang_en","English","lang_es","Spanish","bodies_title","affairs_title","no_bodies","No institutions found.","facet_has_parliament","With parliament","sort_canton","Canton","sort_position","Order","sort_population","Population","controls_search_placeholder_bodies","Search institutions…","controls_search_hint_bodies","Searches name, canton and key.","body_population","Residents","body_seats","Seats","controls_no_results","No matches for your search.","controls_filter_search","controls_loading","Loading results…","body_section_profile","Profile","body_has_parliament","Has parliament","body_languages","Languages","body_seats_legislative","Seats (legislative)","body_executive","Executive","body_seats_executive","Seats (executive)","body_consultations","Consultations","body_elections_votings","Elections & votings","body_flag","Flag","body_key_label","Body key","body_source_lang","Source language","body_people_directory_title","All people of this institution","body_composition_title","Current composition","body_chambers_title","Chambers","body_votings_title","no_votings","No recorded votings.","controls_search_placeholder_votings","Search votings…","controls_search_hint_votings","body_affairs_title","no_affairs","No recorded affairs.","affair_untitled","Untitled affair","affair_long_title","Full title","affair_number","Number","affair_official_record","affair_external_id","External ID","affair_agenda_section","Agenda items","controls_search_placeholder_affairs","Search affairs…","controls_search_hint_affairs","Searches affair title and affair number.","sort_affair_title","facet_state","State","view_all_votings","View all votings","view_all_affairs","View all affairs","external_link","External link","docs_title","docs_loading","Searching documents…","section_docs","no_docs","No documents.","view_all_docs","View all documents","controls_search_placeholder_docs","Search documents…","controls_search_hint_docs","Searches name and category.","facet_category","Category","facet_format","Format","facet_lang","facet_case","Case sensitive","facet_word","Whole word","facet_match_on","facet_match_off","section_events","no_events","No recorded events.","view_all_events","View full timeline","controls_search_placeholder_events","Search events…","controls_search_hint_events","Searches title, actor and details.","facet_actor_type","Actor type","event_untitled","Event","texts_title","texts_loading","Searching texts…","section_texts","no_texts","No texts.","view_all_texts","View all texts","controls_search_placeholder_texts","Search texts…","controls_search_hint_texts","Searches type and body text.","sort_type","text_untitled","Text","facet_position_country","facet_position_canton","facet_position_city","City","facet_position_commune","Commune","facet_position_other","Other","votings_title","voting_result_section","voting_decision","Decision","voting_meaning_yes","A yes means","voting_meaning_no","A no means","voting_affair","voting_chart_title","How they voted","voting_chart_alt","Seat map of {count} members, coloured by {mode}. {summary}","voting_table_alt","Table of how {count} members voted, one row per member, with their party and parliamentary group.","chart_export","chart_export_title","Export chart","chart_export_failed","Export failed.","chart_exporting","Exporting…","chart_download","Download","chart_close","chart_fullscreen","Fullscreen","chart_title","chart_title_ph","Optional title","chart_subtitle","Subtitle","chart_subtitle_ph","Optional subtitle","chart_colors","Colours & labels","chart_color_for","Colour for","chart_label_for","Label for","chart_reset","chart_order","chart_output","Output","chart_format","chart_theme","Theme","chart_theme_light","Light","chart_theme_dark","Dark","chart_size","Size","chart_options","Options","chart_show_legend","Show legend","chart_transparent","Transparent background","chart_interactive","Interactive","chart_credits","Credit","voting_chart_no_votes","No votes recorded.","voting_chart_seats","seats","voting_chart_no_seatmap","No seat data available.","voting_chart_col_person","Person","voting_chart_col_party","voting_chart_col_group","voting_chart_col_vote","voting_chart_by_party","Vote by party","voting_chart_by_party_seats","Seats by party","voting_chart_colour_by","Colour seats by","voting_chart_majority","Majority","voting_chart_edit","Edit & export","voting_chart_seat_note","Seat positions are illustrative, not the real chamber layout. Open the editor to rearrange the colours, labels and order, and export.","speeches_title","speeches_loading","Searching speeches…","speech_person","Speaker","speech_body","Institution","speech_affair","speech_meeting","groups_title","no_groups","No groups found.","group_untitled","Untitled group","section_meetings","no_meetings","No recorded meetings.","view_all_meetings","View all meetings","meetings_title","meeting_untitled","meeting_upcoming","Upcoming","facet_time","When","facet_upcoming","facet_past","Past","group_abbreviation","Abbreviation","group_description","Description","group_official_record","Official page","group_contact","member_unknown","section_votings","interests_title","interest_details","Details","interest_person","Declared by","interest_body","Granting body","interest_role","interest_type","interest_group","interest_place","Place","interest_period","Period","meeting_details","meeting_type","meeting_state","meeting_number","meeting_location","Location","meeting_period","meeting_group","meeting_body","group_type","description","controls_search_placeholder_meetings","Search meetings …","controls_search_hint_meetings","Name, location or description","section_agendas","no_agendas","No agenda items.","view_all_agendas","View all agenda items","agenda_untitled","speech_speaker_unknown","video","doc_untitled","Document","doc_body","doc_affair","doc_meeting","doc_agenda","section_contributors","Contributors","no_contributors","No contributors.","view_all_contributors","View all contributors","sort_number","topics_title","Most-used words","topics_intro","The words this person uses most across their speeches, with common filler words removed. Tile size shows how often a word is used.","topics_all_time","All time","topics_last_4y","Last 4 years","topics_last_8y","Last 8 years","topics_from","topics_to","topics_speeches","speeches","topics_words","words (filtered)","topics_distinct","distinct words","topics_uses","uses","topics_alt","Treemap of the {count} most-used words, sized by how often each is used. {ctx}","topics_table_alt","Table of the {count} most-used words and how often each is used. {ctx}","topics_table_toggle","Show as table","topics_table_word","Word","topics_empty","No speeches with usable text in this period. Try widening the range.","loyalty_title","Party loyalty","loyalty_subtitle","Share of a member's votes cast against their group's majority line (higher = more independent). Abstentions count as a position.","loyalty_axis","Dissent rate: share of votes against own group","loyalty_dissent","dissent","loyalty_ballots","votes","loyalty_empty","No votes in this period meet the thresholds for a loyalty score. Widen the range.","loyalty_chart_alt","Beeswarm plot of the dissent rate of {count} members, one dot per member, coloured by party. {ctx}","loyalty_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their votes, dissents and dissent rate. {ctx}","loyalty_col_member","loyalty_col_party","loyalty_col_group","loyalty_col_ballots","loyalty_col_dissents","Against","loyalty_col_rate","Dissent","loyalty_from","loyalty_to","loyalty_scale","Scale","loyalty_scale_log","Log","loyalty_scale_linear","Linear","loyalty_filters","Filters","cohesion_title","Group cohesion","cohesion_hint","mean Agreement Index (1 = unanimous)","section_alignment","Voting alignment","no_alignment","Not enough shared votes to compare.","view_all_alignment","View full alignment","alignment_agreed_of_shared","agreed on {agreed} of {shared} shared votes","sort_agreement","Agreement","sort_shared","Shared votes","facet_min_shared","Min. shared","min_shared_10","≥ 10","min_shared_20","≥ 20","min_shared_50","≥ 50","min_shared_100","≥ 100","section_body_alignment","body_alignment_subtitle","How members of this chamber vote relative to one another, from the votes they have in common. In the map, members who vote alike sit close together and opponents far apart. Colours are parties, so blocs and coalitions show up as clusters. The grid gives the average agreement between each pair of parties (the diagonal is each party's own internal cohesion).","alignment_from","alignment_to","alignment_view","View","alignment_view_scatter","Map","alignment_view_heatmap","Party grid","alignment_empty","Not enough votes in this window to build the model.","alignment_window_note","Most meaningful within a single legislative period: the model compares members from the votes they have in common. If the window spans an election or a change in composition, members with different terms barely overlap and positions become less comparable.","alignment_no_parties","No party groups to compare in this window.","alignment_scatter_alt","Scatter plot of {count} members placed by how similarly they voted, coloured by party. {ctx}","alignment_pairs","pairs","alignment_heatmap_note","Each cell is the average agreement between members of the two parties (diagonal = a party's internal cohesion). ± is the 95% confidence range and n the number of member-pairs behind it. A small range over many pairs means the alignment is well-established; a wide range means it's only suggestive.","alignment_heatmap_alt","Grid of the average voting agreement between {count} parties. {ctx}","alignment_members_heading","Members","alignment_members_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their agreement with the chamber and with their own party. {ctx}","alignment_col_member","alignment_col_party","alignment_col_votes","alignment_col_chamber","Aligns with chamber","alignment_col_party_align","Within party","alignment_zoom_in","Zoom in","alignment_zoom_out","Zoom out","alignment_zoom_reset","Reset zoom","alignment_filters","section_lobby","Lobby network","lobby_subtitle","The organizations members of this chamber declare in their register of interests, and where those ties overlap. In the network, members are dots (coloured by party) and organizations shared by two or more members are squares. Members who share the same organizations pull together. The breakdown shows how many mandates are paid versus unpaid, and who holds the most.","lobby_empty","No declared interests for this chamber in this window.","lobby_no_shared","No organizations are shared by two or more members here. See the breakdown.","lobby_network_alt","Network graph of {members} members and the {orgs} organizations they share, linked by declared interests. {ctx}","lobby_mandates","mandates","lobby_members_tied","members","lobby_unknown","Unknown","lobby_org_node","Organization","lobby_payment_heading","Paid vs unpaid mandates","lobby_top_orgs","Most-shared organizations","lobby_top_members","Members by mandates","discussion_title","Speech profiles","discussion_intro","Where members sit on a latent axis derived purely from the words they use in their speeches (Wordfish scaling).","discussion_calculating","Scaling speeches…","lobby_calculating","Computing lobby network…","discussion_error","The speech scaling could not be computed.","discussion_converged","Model converged","discussion_not_converged","Model did not fully converge. Read positions with extra caution.","discussion_members_scored","Members scored","discussion_vocab","Vocabulary","discussion_window","Window","discussion_show_all","discussion_show_reliable","Reliable only","discussion_methodology","How this is computed","discussion_range_label","Time range","discussion_range_1y","1 year","discussion_range_2y","2 years","discussion_range_4y","4 years","discussion_range_8y","8 years","discussion_plot_alt","Beeswarm plot of {count} members placed along a word-choice axis, one dot per member. {ctx}","discussion_plot_caption","Each dot is one member, placed by the words they use in their speeches. Members who reach for the same distinctive words sit close together; members who talk very differently sit far apart. So a member's spot isn't assigned by us; it comes out of how they actually speak. For example, someone who keeps saying “tax”, “budget” and “spending” lands far from someone who mostly says “asylum”, “border” and “integration”. Hover any dot for its details. Filled dots have enough speech to place reliably; hollow rings spoke too little, so read their position with caution.","discussion_empty","No speeches are available for this parliament, so its members can't be placed on the axis. This scaling reads the words members actually speak, and the data set only holds speech transcripts for a few parliaments: the federal chambers and a handful of cantons such as Bern, Basel-Stadt or St. Gallen. You can also try a longer time range above.","discussion_empty_sparse","There is too little speech transcript text for this parliament to place its members on the axis. Try a longer time range above.","discussion_pole_a","One pole","discussion_pole_b","Other pole","discussion_col_party","discussion_key_filled","Enough text (reliable)","discussion_key_ring","Below the word floor (low confidence)","discussion_align_title","Does the axis track party?","discussion_align_hint","How much of the spread in positions is explained by party membership (η²): 100% = parties are perfectly separated, ~0% = party tells you nothing.","discussion_align_strong","parties are clearly separated","discussion_align_moderate","parties are partly separated","discussion_align_weak","party barely explains the axis","discussion_poles_title","What the axis is made of","discussion_poles_hint","The words that most pull members towards each pole. The axis only means something once you read these. Its direction is arbitrary.","discussion_no_party","No party","discussion_col_name","discussion_col_position","Position","discussion_col_words","Words","discussion_col_speeches","discussion_low_confidence","low confidence","discussion_table_title","discussion_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their position on the word-choice axis. {ctx}","discussion_read_title","How to read this","discussion_read_direction","The axis direction is arbitrary: Wordfish finds the split, not which side is “left” or “right”. Read the word poles to see what each side means.","discussion_read_uncertainty","Positions are standardized, so the spread is a convention, not a real distance. Wider error bars (and hollow dots) mean less certainty, so don't over-read those members.","discussion_read_confound","Speech style reflects role as much as ideology: committee chairs, ministers and frequent speakers can land at a pole because of what they do, not only what they believe.","organizations_title","organizations_none","No organizations.","org_members","org_mandates","org_bodies","org_members_heading","org_members_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their party, body, role, payment and period. {ctx}","org_no_members","No members.","org_col_member","org_col_party","org_col_body","org_col_role","org_col_payment","Payment","org_col_period","sort_members","sort_mandates","Mandates","interest_unknown","lobby_panel_person","Declared organizations","lobby_panel_org","Members with this mandate","lobby_table_heading","Who is tied to what","lobby_table_explain","The full matrix marks every member against every shared organization: one dot per declared tie, the exhaustive view of who is tied to what.","lobby_table_large","For this chamber that is","lobby_table_cells","cells","lobby_table_show","Show table","lobby_table_alt","Table marking each of {count} members against the {orgs} organizations they are tied to, one dot per declared tie. {ctx}","lobby_select_hint","Select a member or organization to see its ties.","lobby_filters","lobby_error","The lobby network could not be computed.","lobby_clear_selection","Clear selection","close","not_found_person","Person not found","not_found_body","Parliament not found","not_found_affair","Affair not found","not_found_group","Committee or group not found","not_found_voting","Voting not found","not_found_meeting","Meeting not found","not_found_interest","Interest not found","not_found_organization","Organization not found","not_found_text","Text not found","not_found_doc","Document not found","not_found_speech","Speech not found","not_found_hint","There is no entry with the ID {id}. It may have been removed, or the link may be outdated.","not_found_back","Back to the overview","about","About","faq","FAQ","section_title","section_title_bodies","section_title_affairs","section_title_votings","section_title_texts","section_title_docs","section_subtitle_search","section_subtitle_discussion",{"_1595":1596,"_1612":778,"_1613":1614,"_1615":1616,"_1617":965,"_1296":538,"_1270":338,"_78":542,"_1618":545,"_1601":348,"_1619":1620,"_1621":749,"_1403":298,"_74":308,"_1598":450,"_19":318,"_76":548,"_81":328,"_1622":1075,"_1623":1209,"_1624":1245,"_1625":1209,"_1626":1627,"_1628":1209,"_1629":1630,"_1631":538,"_1632":717,"_1633":1209,"_1634":1616,"_1635":542,"_1602":417,"_1636":1637,"_1208":1209,"_1638":655,"_1221":1209,"_72":553,"_1639":1431,"_1640":1288,"_1641":1326,"_1642":1620,"_1643":1415,"_1603":358,"_1644":1407,"_1645":1209},"section_switcher",{"_1593":1594,"_1595":1596,"_1597":298,"_70":494,"_74":308,"_1598":450,"_1599":384,"_1270":338,"_81":328,"_1600":318,"_1601":348,"_1602":417,"_1603":358,"_1604":1605,"_1606":1607,"_1608":1609,"_1610":1611},"section_title_speeches","section_title_groups","section_title_interests","section_title_meetings","section_title_organizations","label_section","Section","home","Home","people","affairs","groups","documents","interests","meetings","organizations","group_parliament","Actors","group_proceedings","Proceedings","group_records","Records","group_lobbying","Lobbying","search","eyebrow","Data on {{name}}","overview","Overview","personal_data","memberships","access_badges","Lobby","images","texts_overview","text_details","docs_overview","doc_details","votings_overview","Voting","voting_details","voting_diagram","Diagram","voting_tally","speeches_overview","speech_details","groups_overview","contributions","interests_overview","Interest","meetings_overview","vocabulary","loyalty","alignment","lobby","discussion","organizations_overview","org_details",{"_1703":1704,"_1705":1706,"_1647":1707,"_249":1708},"intro",{"_1649":1650,"_1651":1652,"_1653":1654,"_1655":1656,"_1657":1658,"_1659":1660,"_1661":1662},"en",{"_1663":1698,"_1665":1699,"_1667":1700,"_1669":1701,"_1671":1702},"de",{"_1663":1693,"_1665":1694,"_1667":1695,"_1669":1696,"_1671":1697},"fr",{"_1663":1688,"_1665":1689,"_1667":1690,"_1669":1691,"_1671":1692},"it",{"_1663":1683,"_1665":1684,"_1667":1685,"_1669":1686,"_1671":1687},"es",{"_1663":1678,"_1665":1679,"_1667":1680,"_1669":1681,"_1671":1682},"pt",{"_1663":1673,"_1665":1674,"_1667":1675,"_1669":1676,"_1671":1677},"rm",{"_1663":1664,"_1665":1666,"_1667":1668,"_1669":1670,"_1671":1672},"cookie","Nus duvrain mo cookies essenzials e funcziunals. Nagina analitica, nagin tracking.","dataLang","La Svizra ha quatter linguas naziunalas, e questas datas datti en pliras da quellas. Intgins records èn plurilings, auters mo en ina lingua. Vus pudais tscherner en tge lingua ch'il cuntegn vegn mussà; sche vossa tscherna n'è betg disponibla per in record, vegnan duvradas las autras linguas en in urden da prioritad fix. Quai è independent da la lingua da l'interfatscha. As lascha reglar sut Configuraziuns › Lingua dal cuntegn (sura a dretga).","alt","Questa pagina è era disponibla per rumantsch.","switch","Mussar per rumantsch","dismiss","Betg pli mussar","Utilizamos apenas cookies essenciais e funcionais. Sem análises, sem rastreio.","A Suíça tem quatro línguas nacionais, e estes dados existem em várias delas. Alguns registos estão em várias línguas, outros apenas numa. Pode escolher em que idioma os conteúdos são apresentados; quando a sua escolha não está disponível para um registo, as restantes línguas são usadas por uma ordem de prioridade fixa. Isto é independente do idioma da interface. Configure em Definições › Idioma dos conteúdos (canto superior direito).","Esta página também está disponível em português.","Ver em português","Não mostrar novamente","Solo utilizamos cookies esenciales y funcionales. Sin análisis, sin seguimiento.","Suiza tiene cuatro lenguas nacionales, y estos datos existen en varias de ellas. Algunos registros están en varias lenguas, otros en una sola. Puede elegir en qué idioma se muestra el contenido; cuando su elección no está disponible para un registro, se utilizan las demás lenguas en un orden de prioridad fijo. Esto es independiente del idioma de la interfaz. Configúrelo en Ajustes › Idioma del contenido (arriba a la derecha).","Esta página también está disponible en español.","Ver en español","No volver a mostrar","Utilizziamo solo cookie essenziali e funzionali. Nessuna analisi, nessun tracciamento.","La Svizzera ha quattro lingue nazionali e questi dati esistono in diverse di esse. Alcune voci sono in più lingue, altre in una sola. Puoi scegliere in quale lingua mostrare i contenuti; se la tua scelta non è disponibile per una voce, vengono usate le altre lingue secondo un ordine di priorità prestabilito. Questo è indipendente dalla lingua dell'interfaccia. Impostabile in Impostazioni › Lingua del contenuto (in alto a destra).","Questa pagina è disponibile anche in italiano.","Vedi in italiano","Non mostrare più","Nous utilisons uniquement des cookies essentiels et fonctionnels. Aucune analyse, aucun suivi.","La Suisse a quatre langues nationales, et ces données existent dans plusieurs d'entre elles. Certaines entrées sont en plusieurs langues, d'autres dans une seule. Vous pouvez choisir la langue d'affichage du contenu ; si votre choix n'est pas disponible pour une entrée, les autres langues sont utilisées selon un ordre de priorité défini. Ceci est indépendant de la langue de l'interface. Réglable dans Paramètres › Langue du contenu (en haut à droite).","Cette page est aussi disponible en français.","Voir en français","Ne plus afficher","Wir verwenden nur essenzielle, funktionale Cookies. Keine Analyse, kein Tracking.","Die Schweiz hat vier Landessprachen, und diese Daten liegen in mehreren davon vor. Manche Einträge sind mehrsprachig, andere nur in einer Sprache. Sie können wählen, in welcher Sprache die Inhalte angezeigt werden; ist Ihre Wahl für einen Eintrag nicht verfügbar, werden die übrigen Sprachen in einer festen Prioritätsreihenfolge verwendet. Dies ist unabhängig von der Oberflächensprache. Einstellbar unter Einstellungen › Inhaltssprache (oben rechts).","Diese Seite ist auch auf Deutsch verfügbar.","Auf Deutsch anzeigen","Nicht mehr anzeigen","We use only essential, functional cookies. No analytics, no tracking.","Switzerland has four national languages, and this data comes in several of them. Some records are in multiple languages, some in only one. You can choose which language the content is shown in; when your choice isn't available for a record, the remaining languages are used in a set priority order. This is independent of the interface language. Set it under Settings › Content language (top right).","This page is also available in English.","View in English","Don't show again","settings",{"_1771":1772,"_1773":1774,"_1775":1130,"_1776":1777,"_1778":1132,"_1779":1134,"_1780":1781,"_1782":1783,"_1784":1785,"_1786":1787,"_1788":1789,"_603":604,"_1790":1791,"_1792":1793,"_1794":1795,"_1796":1797,"_1798":1799},"nav",{"_1595":1717,"_1718":1719,"_1720":653,"_1721":1722,"_1723":1724,"_1604":1605,"_1606":1607,"_1608":1609,"_1610":1611,"_1597":298,"_70":494,"_1599":384,"_1598":450,"_74":308,"_1602":417,"_1270":338,"_81":328,"_1600":318,"_1601":348,"_1603":358,"_1725":1710,"_1726":1727,"_1573":1574,"_1728":1729,"_1575":1576,"_1730":1731,"_1732":1733,"_1734":1735,"_1736":1737,"_1738":1739,"_1740":1741,"_1742":1743,"_1744":1745,"_1746":1747,"_1748":1749,"_1750":1751,"_1752":1753,"_1754":1755,"_1756":1757,"_1758":1759,"_1760":1761,"_1762":1763,"_1764":1714,"_1765":1766,"_1767":1768,"_1769":1770},{"_1663":1698,"_1665":1699,"_1667":1700,"_1669":1701,"_1671":1702},{"_1709":1710,"_1711":1712,"_1713":1714,"_1715":1716},"project.title","Project","project.desc","About parlhub: what the portal is, answers to common questions, and how the data fits together.","experiments.title","Experiments","experiments.desc","Experimental analyses and methodology showcases on parlhub, including the Wordfish scaling of parliaments from their speeches.","parlhub home","skip_to_content","Skip to main content","explore","start","Start here","start_desc","Quicklinks to chambers, cantons and communes","project","project_desc","The project at a glance","about_desc","What parlhub is and who is behind it","faq_desc","Answers to common questions","sustainability","Sustainability","sustainability_desc","How parlhub is hosted and what it costs the planet","accessibility","Accessibility","accessibility_desc","What works, what doesn't, and how to report a barrier","traffic_stats","Traffic statistics","traffic_stats_desc","Which parts of the site get requested, and by whom","imprint","Imprint","imprint_desc","Who runs parlhub, contact, and the licenses","github","GitHub","github_desc","The project's source code on GitHub","data_guide","Data guide","data_guide_desc","Every kind of data, in plain terms, with examples","data_map","Data map","data_map_desc","How the data fits together, at a glance","methodology","Methodology","methodology_desc","How each figure is calculated, with links to the code","experiments","experiments_desc","Experimental analyses and methodology write-ups","wordfish","Wordfish scaling","wordfish_desc","Placing members on an axis by the words in their speeches","menu_label","Settings","appearance","Appearance","theme","theme_system","System","theme_light","theme_dark","font_size","Font size","font_size_decrease","Decrease font size","font_size_increase","Increase font size","high_contrast","High contrast","grayscale","Grayscale","interface_language","Interface","content_language","Content language","content_language_auto","Auto (follow interface)","content_language_note","Language of the displayed data (names, titles, texts). Independent of the interface; when a record isn't available, the next language is used.","content_language_priority","Priority",{"_1775":1801,"_1780":1802,"_1803":207,"_1804":199,"_1805":199,"_1806":207,"_1807":-5},"system",100,"show_cookie_consent_message","ui_high_contrast","ui_grayscale","msg_lang_hint","content_lang"]