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Seit 1995 sind im Rahmen der OECD Verhandlungen zu einem multilateralen Abkommen über Investitionen im Gange. Für die Schweiz sind solche \"Investitionsspielregeln\" von besonderer wirtschaftlicher Bedeutung, denn zahlreiche Bewohnerinnen und Bewohner unseres Landes investieren direkt im Ausland. Seit dem Beginn der Verhandlungen spielt die Schweiz eine nicht zu unterschätzende Rolle. Dieses Abkommen ist verbindlich und dürfte es erlauben, neue Vorkehren zu treffen und die Internationalisierung von Bereichen der Innenpolitik voranzutreiben. Allerdings ist mit der OECD als Verhandlungsforum ein Problem verbunden: Ihre Mitgliedstaaten gehören praktisch ausschliesslich zu den Industrieländern. Die anderen Länder, die vielleicht am Verhandlungsgegenstand auch interessiert wären, wie diejenigen Asiens oder Lateinamerikas, sind vom Verhandlungsprozess völlig ausgeschlossen. Deshalb bitte ich den Bundesrat, folgende Fragen zu beantworten:

1. Im Anschluss an die Verhandlungen im Rahmen der Uruguay-Runde hatte Staatssekretär Franz Blankart von einem \"Demokratiedefizit\" gesprochen, da die Parlamente der einzelnen Staaten die Vorschläge lediglich \"als Paket\" annehmen oder verwerfen konnten. Welche Vorkehren trifft der Bundesrat, um nicht ein zweites Mal in die gleiche Lage zu kommen?

2. Ist der Bundesrat nicht auch der Ansicht, dass auch die Länder Asiens, Afrikas und Lateinamerikas die Möglichkeit haben sollten, sich am Verhandlungsprozess aktiv zu beteiligen, damit ihre Anliegen einfliessen können und ihre Souveränität gewahrt wird, statt dass bei ihnen Gefühle des Neokolonialismus aufkommen?

3. Es wurde vorgeschlagen, das im Rahmen der OECD ausgehandelte multilaterale Abkommen über Investitionen zur Welthandelsorganisation (WTO) zu transferieren. Damit erhielte die WTO Kompetenzen, die über den Bereich des Handels hinausgehen. Sie könnte vermehrt auch bei der Beilegung von Konflikten mitwirken. Ist der Bundesrat in der Lage abzuschätzen, welche Auswirkungen ein solcher Vorschlag auf die Entwicklungsländer hat?

4. Wie beabsichtigt der Bundesrat, die Forderungen in das Abkommen einzubringen, die mit den Auswirkungen der Investitionen auf Gesellschaft und Umwelt zusammenhängen?

5. Ist der Bundesrat auch bereit, neben den Privilegien, die den Investoren im Sinne der \"good governance\" zugebilligt werden, sich dafür einzusetzen, dass im Abkommen die Koalitions- und die Verhandlungsfreiheit für die Gewerkschaften verbindlich geregelt werden?

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1. Das von der OECD-Ministerkonferenz im Mai 1995 verabschiedete Mandat für die Verhandlungen über ein multilaterales Investitionsabkommen (\"Multilateral Agreement on Investments\" - MAI) enthält als Zielvorgabe, für die Zulassung, die Behandlung und den Schutz ausländischer Investitionen auf inhaltlich hoher Normierungsstufe rechtsverbindliche Regeln auszuarbeiten. Der Bundesrat hat das Parlament über den bisherigen Verlauf dieser Verhandlungen, die für die Schweiz von grosser Bedeutung sind, im Bericht zur Aussenwirtschaftspolitik 95/1+2 orientiert. Wie bei analogen völkerrechtlichen Verträgen wirken Bundesrat und Bundesversammlung in den Phasen es Vertragsschlusses zusammen. Die Verhandlungen (Instruktionen, Ermächtigung zur Unterzeichnung) führt der Bundesrat, was insbesondere in multilateralen Verhandlungen wichtig ist. Für die Genehmigung des Abkommens ist demgegenüber die Bundesversammlung zuständig. Der Bundesrat wird die zuständigen Kommissionen des National- und Ständerates weiterhin über wichtige Verhandlungsfragen informieren und konsultieren.

2. Das MAI soll eine von der OECD unabhängige, rechtlich eigenständige Konvention werden, die auch Drittstaate zum Beitritt offensteht. Deshalb finden denn auch mit interessierten Drittländern regelmässig Treffen statt, die nicht nur eine systematische Orientierung über die Verhandlungen gewährleisten, sondern diesen Ländern auch ermöglichen, ihre Anliegen vorzubringen und in die Verhandlungen einfliessen zu lassen. Für die Wahl der OECD als Verhandlungsforum war in erster Linie die Überzeugung der Mitgliedländer massgebend, dass sich hohe Standards für die Liberalisierung, Behandlung und den Schutz von ausländischen Investitionen kurzfristig nur in Verhandlungen unter OECD-Staaten verwirklichen lassen. Die OECD ist die einzige multilaterale Organisation, die über vertiefte Erfahrungen mit der Liberalisierung von internationalen Investitionen und den sich dabei stellenden schwierigen Fragen verfügt. Für ihre Mitgliedstaaten handelt es sich denn auch bei den MAI-Verhandlungen in erster Linie um eine Konsolidierung, das heisst eine inhaltliche Erweiterung und formelle Stärkung der bisherigen OECD-Instrumente im Investitionsbereich.

3. Es ist von keinem OECD-Staat je die Auffassung vertreten worden, das Investitionsabkommen, das zur Zeit in der OECD verhandelt wird, sei zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt in die WTO einzubringen. Die WTO wird wahrscheinlich an der Ministerkonferenz in Singapur im Dezember dieses Jahres eigenständige Gespräche über Investitionsfragen aufnehmen. Die Schweiz unterstützt die Bestrebungen zu einer stärkeren Verankerung von Regeln über Investitionen in der WTO, wobei sie sich dafür einsetzt, dass den besonderen Anliegen der Entwicklungsländer auf diesem Gebiet gebührend Rechnung getragen wird.

4. Die OECD-Erklärung über internationale Investitionen und multinationale Unternehmen von 1976 enthält u.a. Verhaltensrichtlinien für transnationale Gesellschaften, die sich auch mit Fragen der Beschäftigung und der Beziehungen zwischen den Sozialpartnern sowie der Umwelt befassen. Diese Richtlinien haben sich in der Praxis bewährt und sind zu einem zweckmässigen Bezugsrahmen für Fragen der Sozialpartnerbeziehungen und der Umwelt im Zusammenhang mit internationalen Investitionen geworden. Die in den Verhandlungen sich abzeichnenden Bestrebungen, die Leitsätze für transnationale Unternehmen auf eine noch zu bestimmende Art und Weise dem multilateralen Investitionsabkommen beizufügen, werden von der Schweiz vorbehaltlos unterstützt.

5. Das Vereinigungsrecht und die Verhandlungsfreiheit der Arbeitnehmer sind auf internationaler Ebene namentlich in der Verfassung der Internationalen Arbeitsorganisation (IAO) sowie in grundlegenden Übereinkommen dieser 173 Staaten umfassenden Organisation verankert. Die Schweiz hat sich immer schon aktiv in der IAO engagiert und wird es auch weiterhin tun. Der Bundesrat ist der Ansicht, dass die IAO als tripartite, d.h. die Sozialpartner umfassende Organisation das nötige Instrumentarium besitzt, um gewerkschaftliche Rechte zu fördern und ihre Einhaltung zu überwachen, Es ist kaum denkbar, dass das auf dem Gebiet der Sozialrecht unverzichtbare \"Dreiparteien-System\" im Rahmen eines künftigen MAI verwirklicht werden könnte.

Antwort des Bundesrates.",12330,"19963139_1","Titel des 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group/body name, function and membership type.","controls_search_hint_interests","Searches organisation name, function and parliamentary group.","controls_search_hint_votes","Searches the voting title and the affair title.","controls_search_hint_access_badges","Searches guests' name and organisation.","controls_search_hint_contributors","Searches the affair title.","controls_search_hint_speeches","Searches the speech text.","controls_sort_status","Sorted by {field}, {direction}","sort_affair_date","Affair date","sort_role","Role","sort_affair_type","Affair type","sort_affair_number","Affair number","sort_valid_from","Valid from","sort_valid_to","Valid until","sort_version","facet_latest","Latest","gender_f","Female","gender_m","Male","gender_d","Diverse","lang_de","German","lang_fr","French","lang_it","Italian","lang_rm","Romansh","lang_en","English","lang_es","Spanish","bodies_title","affairs_title","no_bodies","No institutions found.","facet_has_parliament","With parliament","sort_canton","Canton","sort_position","Order","sort_population","Population","controls_search_placeholder_bodies","Search institutions…","controls_search_hint_bodies","Searches name, canton and key.","body_population","Residents","body_seats","Seats","controls_no_results","No matches for your search.","controls_filter_search","controls_loading","Loading results…","body_section_profile","Profile","body_has_parliament","Has parliament","body_languages","Languages","body_seats_legislative","Seats (legislative)","body_executive","Executive","body_seats_executive","Seats (executive)","body_consultations","Consultations","body_elections_votings","Elections & votings","body_flag","Flag","body_key_label","Body key","body_source_lang","Source language","body_people_directory_title","All people of this institution","body_composition_title","Current composition","body_chambers_title","Chambers","body_votings_title","no_votings","No recorded votings.","controls_search_placeholder_votings","Search votings…","controls_search_hint_votings","body_affairs_title","no_affairs","No recorded affairs.","affair_untitled","Untitled affair","affair_long_title","Full title","affair_number","Number","affair_official_record","affair_external_id","External ID","affair_agenda_section","Agenda items","controls_search_placeholder_affairs","Search affairs…","controls_search_hint_affairs","Searches affair title and affair number.","sort_affair_title","facet_state","State","view_all_votings","View all votings","view_all_affairs","View all affairs","external_link","External link","docs_title","docs_loading","Searching documents…","section_docs","no_docs","No documents.","view_all_docs","View all documents","controls_search_placeholder_docs","Search documents…","controls_search_hint_docs","Searches name and category.","facet_category","Category","facet_format","Format","facet_lang","facet_case","Case sensitive","facet_word","Whole word","facet_match_on","facet_match_off","section_events","no_events","No recorded events.","view_all_events","View full timeline","controls_search_placeholder_events","Search events…","controls_search_hint_events","Searches title, actor and details.","facet_actor_type","Actor type","event_untitled","Event","texts_title","texts_loading","Searching texts…","section_texts","no_texts","No texts.","view_all_texts","View all texts","controls_search_placeholder_texts","Search texts…","controls_search_hint_texts","Searches type and body text.","sort_type","text_untitled","Text","facet_position_country","facet_position_canton","facet_position_city","City","facet_position_commune","Commune","facet_position_other","Other","votings_title","voting_result_section","voting_decision","Decision","voting_meaning_yes","A yes means","voting_meaning_no","A no means","voting_affair","voting_chart_title","How they voted","voting_chart_alt","Seat map of {count} members, coloured by {mode}. {summary}","voting_table_alt","Table of how {count} members voted, one row per member, with their party and parliamentary group.","chart_export","chart_export_title","Export chart","chart_export_failed","Export failed.","chart_exporting","Exporting…","chart_download","Download","chart_close","chart_fullscreen","Fullscreen","chart_title","chart_title_ph","Optional title","chart_subtitle","Subtitle","chart_subtitle_ph","Optional subtitle","chart_colors","Colours & labels","chart_color_for","Colour for","chart_label_for","Label for","chart_reset","chart_order","chart_output","Output","chart_format","chart_theme","Theme","chart_theme_light","Light","chart_theme_dark","Dark","chart_size","Size","chart_options","Options","chart_show_legend","Show legend","chart_transparent","Transparent background","chart_interactive","Interactive","chart_credits","Credit","voting_chart_no_votes","No votes recorded.","voting_chart_seats","seats","voting_chart_no_seatmap","No seat data available.","voting_chart_col_person","Person","voting_chart_col_party","voting_chart_col_group","voting_chart_col_vote","voting_chart_by_party","Vote by party","voting_chart_by_party_seats","Seats by party","voting_chart_colour_by","Colour seats by","voting_chart_majority","Majority","voting_chart_edit","Edit & export","voting_chart_seat_note","Seat positions are illustrative, not the real chamber layout. Open the editor to rearrange the colours, labels and order, and export.","speeches_title","speeches_loading","Searching speeches…","speech_person","Speaker","speech_body","Institution","speech_affair","speech_meeting","groups_title","no_groups","No groups found.","group_untitled","Untitled group","section_meetings","no_meetings","No recorded meetings.","view_all_meetings","View all meetings","meetings_title","meeting_untitled","meeting_upcoming","Upcoming","facet_time","When","facet_upcoming","facet_past","Past","group_abbreviation","Abbreviation","group_description","Description","group_official_record","Official page","group_contact","member_unknown","section_votings","interests_title","interest_details","Details","interest_person","Declared by","interest_body","Granting body","interest_role","interest_type","interest_group","interest_place","Place","interest_period","Period","meeting_details","meeting_type","meeting_state","meeting_number","meeting_location","Location","meeting_period","meeting_group","meeting_body","group_type","description","controls_search_placeholder_meetings","Search meetings …","controls_search_hint_meetings","Name, location or description","section_agendas","no_agendas","No agenda items.","view_all_agendas","View all agenda items","agenda_untitled","speech_speaker_unknown","video","doc_untitled","Document","doc_body","doc_affair","doc_meeting","doc_agenda","section_contributors","Contributors","no_contributors","No contributors.","view_all_contributors","View all contributors","sort_number","topics_title","Most-used words","topics_intro","The words this person uses most across their speeches, with common filler words removed. Tile size shows how often a word is used.","topics_all_time","All time","topics_last_4y","Last 4 years","topics_last_8y","Last 8 years","topics_from","topics_to","topics_speeches","speeches","topics_words","words (filtered)","topics_distinct","distinct words","topics_uses","uses","topics_alt","Treemap of the {count} most-used words, sized by how often each is used. {ctx}","topics_table_alt","Table of the {count} most-used words and how often each is used. {ctx}","topics_table_toggle","Show as table","topics_table_word","Word","topics_empty","No speeches with usable text in this period. Try widening the range.","loyalty_title","Party loyalty","loyalty_subtitle","Share of a member's votes cast against their group's majority line (higher = more independent). Abstentions count as a position.","loyalty_axis","Dissent rate: share of votes against own group","loyalty_dissent","dissent","loyalty_ballots","votes","loyalty_empty","No votes in this period meet the thresholds for a loyalty score. Widen the range.","loyalty_chart_alt","Beeswarm plot of the dissent rate of {count} members, one dot per member, coloured by party. {ctx}","loyalty_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their votes, dissents and dissent rate. {ctx}","loyalty_col_member","loyalty_col_party","loyalty_col_group","loyalty_col_ballots","loyalty_col_dissents","Against","loyalty_col_rate","Dissent","loyalty_from","loyalty_to","loyalty_scale","Scale","loyalty_scale_log","Log","loyalty_scale_linear","Linear","loyalty_filters","Filters","cohesion_title","Group cohesion","cohesion_hint","mean Agreement Index (1 = unanimous)","section_alignment","Voting alignment","no_alignment","Not enough shared votes to compare.","view_all_alignment","View full alignment","alignment_agreed_of_shared","agreed on {agreed} of {shared} shared votes","sort_agreement","Agreement","sort_shared","Shared votes","facet_min_shared","Min. shared","min_shared_10","≥ 10","min_shared_20","≥ 20","min_shared_50","≥ 50","min_shared_100","≥ 100","section_body_alignment","body_alignment_subtitle","How members of this chamber vote relative to one another, from the votes they have in common. In the map, members who vote alike sit close together and opponents far apart. Colours are parties, so blocs and coalitions show up as clusters. The grid gives the average agreement between each pair of parties (the diagonal is each party's own internal cohesion).","alignment_from","alignment_to","alignment_view","View","alignment_view_scatter","Map","alignment_view_heatmap","Party grid","alignment_empty","Not enough votes in this window to build the model.","alignment_window_note","Most meaningful within a single legislative period: the model compares members from the votes they have in common. If the window spans an election or a change in composition, members with different terms barely overlap and positions become less comparable.","alignment_no_parties","No party groups to compare in this window.","alignment_scatter_alt","Scatter plot of {count} members placed by how similarly they voted, coloured by party. {ctx}","alignment_pairs","pairs","alignment_heatmap_note","Each cell is the average agreement between members of the two parties (diagonal = a party's internal cohesion). ± is the 95% confidence range and n the number of member-pairs behind it. A small range over many pairs means the alignment is well-established; a wide range means it's only suggestive.","alignment_heatmap_alt","Grid of the average voting agreement between {count} parties. {ctx}","alignment_members_heading","Members","alignment_members_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their agreement with the chamber and with their own party. {ctx}","alignment_col_member","alignment_col_party","alignment_col_votes","alignment_col_chamber","Aligns with chamber","alignment_col_party_align","Within party","alignment_zoom_in","Zoom in","alignment_zoom_out","Zoom out","alignment_zoom_reset","Reset zoom","alignment_filters","section_lobby","Lobby network","lobby_subtitle","The organizations members of this chamber declare in their register of interests, and where those ties overlap. In the network, members are dots (coloured by party) and organizations shared by two or more members are squares. Members who share the same organizations pull together. The breakdown shows how many mandates are paid versus unpaid, and who holds the most.","lobby_empty","No declared interests for this chamber in this window.","lobby_no_shared","No organizations are shared by two or more members here. See the breakdown.","lobby_network_alt","Network graph of {members} members and the {orgs} organizations they share, linked by declared interests. {ctx}","lobby_mandates","mandates","lobby_members_tied","members","lobby_unknown","Unknown","lobby_org_node","Organization","lobby_payment_heading","Paid vs unpaid mandates","lobby_top_orgs","Most-shared organizations","lobby_top_members","Members by mandates","discussion_title","Speech profiles","discussion_intro","Where members sit on a latent axis derived purely from the words they use in their speeches (Wordfish scaling).","discussion_calculating","Scaling speeches…","lobby_calculating","Computing lobby network…","discussion_error","The speech scaling could not be computed.","discussion_converged","Model converged","discussion_not_converged","Model did not fully converge. Read positions with extra caution.","discussion_members_scored","Members scored","discussion_vocab","Vocabulary","discussion_window","Window","discussion_show_all","discussion_show_reliable","Reliable only","discussion_methodology","How this is computed","discussion_range_label","Time range","discussion_range_1y","1 year","discussion_range_2y","2 years","discussion_range_4y","4 years","discussion_range_8y","8 years","discussion_plot_alt","Beeswarm plot of {count} members placed along a word-choice axis, one dot per member. {ctx}","discussion_plot_caption","Each dot is one member, placed by the words they use in their speeches. Members who reach for the same distinctive words sit close together; members who talk very differently sit far apart. So a member's spot isn't assigned by us; it comes out of how they actually speak. For example, someone who keeps saying “tax”, “budget” and “spending” lands far from someone who mostly says “asylum”, “border” and “integration”. Hover any dot for its details. Filled dots have enough speech to place reliably; hollow rings spoke too little, so read their position with caution.","discussion_empty","No speeches are available for this parliament, so its members can't be placed on the axis. This scaling reads the words members actually speak, and the data set only holds speech transcripts for a few parliaments: the federal chambers and a handful of cantons such as Bern, Basel-Stadt or St. Gallen. You can also try a longer time range above.","discussion_empty_sparse","There is too little speech transcript text for this parliament to place its members on the axis. Try a longer time range above.","discussion_pole_a","One pole","discussion_pole_b","Other pole","discussion_col_party","discussion_key_filled","Enough text (reliable)","discussion_key_ring","Below the word floor (low confidence)","discussion_align_title","Does the axis track party?","discussion_align_hint","How much of the spread in positions is explained by party membership (η²): 100% = parties are perfectly separated, ~0% = party tells you nothing.","discussion_align_strong","parties are clearly separated","discussion_align_moderate","parties are partly separated","discussion_align_weak","party barely explains the axis","discussion_poles_title","What the axis is made of","discussion_poles_hint","The words that most pull members towards each pole. The axis only means something once you read these. Its direction is arbitrary.","discussion_no_party","No party","discussion_col_name","discussion_col_position","Position","discussion_col_words","Words","discussion_col_speeches","discussion_low_confidence","low confidence","discussion_table_title","discussion_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their position on the word-choice axis. {ctx}","discussion_read_title","How to read this","discussion_read_direction","The axis direction is arbitrary: Wordfish finds the split, not which side is “left” or “right”. Read the word poles to see what each side means.","discussion_read_uncertainty","Positions are standardized, so the spread is a convention, not a real distance. Wider error bars (and hollow dots) mean less certainty, so don't over-read those members.","discussion_read_confound","Speech style reflects role as much as ideology: committee chairs, ministers and frequent speakers can land at a pole because of what they do, not only what they believe.","organizations_title","organizations_none","No organizations.","org_members","org_mandates","org_bodies","org_members_heading","org_members_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their party, body, role, payment and period. {ctx}","org_no_members","No members.","org_col_member","org_col_party","org_col_body","org_col_role","org_col_payment","Payment","org_col_period","sort_members","sort_mandates","Mandates","interest_unknown","lobby_panel_person","Declared organizations","lobby_panel_org","Members with this mandate","lobby_table_heading","Who is tied to what","lobby_table_explain","The full matrix marks every member against every shared organization: one dot per declared tie, the exhaustive view of who is tied to what.","lobby_table_large","For this chamber that is","lobby_table_cells","cells","lobby_table_show","Show table","lobby_table_alt","Table marking each of {count} members against the {orgs} organizations they are tied to, one dot per declared tie. {ctx}","lobby_select_hint","Select a member or organization to see its ties.","lobby_filters","lobby_error","The lobby network could not be computed.","lobby_clear_selection","Clear selection","close","not_found_person","Person not found","not_found_body","Parliament not found","not_found_affair","Affair not found","not_found_group","Committee or group not found","not_found_voting","Voting not found","not_found_meeting","Meeting not found","not_found_interest","Interest not found","not_found_organization","Organization not found","not_found_text","Text not found","not_found_doc","Document not found","not_found_speech","Speech not found","not_found_hint","There is no entry with the ID {id}. It may have been removed, or the link may be outdated.","not_found_back","Back to the overview","about","About","faq","FAQ","section_title","section_title_bodies","section_title_affairs","section_title_votings","section_title_texts","section_title_docs","section_subtitle_search","section_subtitle_discussion",{"_1596":1597,"_1613":779,"_1614":1615,"_1616":1617,"_1618":966,"_1297":539,"_1271":339,"_78":543,"_1619":546,"_1602":349,"_1620":1621,"_1622":750,"_1404":299,"_74":309,"_1599":451,"_19":319,"_76":549,"_81":329,"_1623":1076,"_1624":1210,"_1625":1246,"_1626":1210,"_1627":1628,"_1629":1210,"_1630":1631,"_1632":539,"_1633":718,"_1634":1210,"_1635":1617,"_1636":543,"_1603":418,"_1637":1638,"_1209":1210,"_1639":656,"_1222":1210,"_72":554,"_1640":1432,"_1641":1289,"_1642":1327,"_1643":1621,"_1644":1416,"_1604":359,"_1645":1408,"_1646":1210},"section_switcher",{"_1594":1595,"_1596":1597,"_1598":299,"_70":495,"_74":309,"_1599":451,"_1600":385,"_1271":339,"_81":329,"_1601":319,"_1602":349,"_1603":418,"_1604":359,"_1605":1606,"_1607":1608,"_1609":1610,"_1611":1612},"section_title_speeches","section_title_groups","section_title_interests","section_title_meetings","section_title_organizations","label_section","Section","home","Home","people","affairs","groups","documents","interests","meetings","organizations","group_parliament","Actors","group_proceedings","Proceedings","group_records","Records","group_lobbying","Lobbying","search","eyebrow","Data on {{name}}","overview","Overview","personal_data","memberships","access_badges","Lobby","images","texts_overview","text_details","docs_overview","doc_details","votings_overview","Voting","voting_details","voting_diagram","Diagram","voting_tally","speeches_overview","speech_details","groups_overview","contributions","interests_overview","Interest","meetings_overview","vocabulary","loyalty","alignment","lobby","discussion","organizations_overview","org_details",{"_1704":1705,"_1706":1707,"_1648":1708,"_250":1709},"intro",{"_1650":1651,"_1652":1653,"_1654":1655,"_1656":1657,"_1658":1659,"_1660":1661,"_1662":1663},"en",{"_1664":1699,"_1666":1700,"_1668":1701,"_1670":1702,"_1672":1703},"de",{"_1664":1694,"_1666":1695,"_1668":1696,"_1670":1697,"_1672":1698},"fr",{"_1664":1689,"_1666":1690,"_1668":1691,"_1670":1692,"_1672":1693},"it",{"_1664":1684,"_1666":1685,"_1668":1686,"_1670":1687,"_1672":1688},"es",{"_1664":1679,"_1666":1680,"_1668":1681,"_1670":1682,"_1672":1683},"pt",{"_1664":1674,"_1666":1675,"_1668":1676,"_1670":1677,"_1672":1678},"rm",{"_1664":1665,"_1666":1667,"_1668":1669,"_1670":1671,"_1672":1673},"cookie","Nus duvrain mo cookies essenzials e funcziunals. Nagina analitica, nagin tracking.","dataLang","La Svizra ha quatter linguas naziunalas, e questas datas datti en pliras da quellas. Intgins records èn plurilings, auters mo en ina lingua. Vus pudais tscherner en tge lingua ch'il cuntegn vegn mussà; sche vossa tscherna n'è betg disponibla per in record, vegnan duvradas las autras linguas en in urden da prioritad fix. Quai è independent da la lingua da l'interfatscha. As lascha reglar sut Configuraziuns › Lingua dal cuntegn (sura a dretga).","alt","Questa pagina è era disponibla per rumantsch.","switch","Mussar per rumantsch","dismiss","Betg pli mussar","Utilizamos apenas cookies essenciais e funcionais. Sem análises, sem rastreio.","A Suíça tem quatro línguas nacionais, e estes dados existem em várias delas. Alguns registos estão em várias línguas, outros apenas numa. Pode escolher em que idioma os conteúdos são apresentados; quando a sua escolha não está disponível para um registo, as restantes línguas são usadas por uma ordem de prioridade fixa. Isto é independente do idioma da interface. Configure em Definições › Idioma dos conteúdos (canto superior direito).","Esta página também está disponível em português.","Ver em português","Não mostrar novamente","Solo utilizamos cookies esenciales y funcionales. Sin análisis, sin seguimiento.","Suiza tiene cuatro lenguas nacionales, y estos datos existen en varias de ellas. Algunos registros están en varias lenguas, otros en una sola. Puede elegir en qué idioma se muestra el contenido; cuando su elección no está disponible para un registro, se utilizan las demás lenguas en un orden de prioridad fijo. Esto es independiente del idioma de la interfaz. Configúrelo en Ajustes › Idioma del contenido (arriba a la derecha).","Esta página también está disponible en español.","Ver en español","No volver a mostrar","Utilizziamo solo cookie essenziali e funzionali. Nessuna analisi, nessun tracciamento.","La Svizzera ha quattro lingue nazionali e questi dati esistono in diverse di esse. Alcune voci sono in più lingue, altre in una sola. Puoi scegliere in quale lingua mostrare i contenuti; se la tua scelta non è disponibile per una voce, vengono usate le altre lingue secondo un ordine di priorità prestabilito. Questo è indipendente dalla lingua dell'interfaccia. Impostabile in Impostazioni › Lingua del contenuto (in alto a destra).","Questa pagina è disponibile anche in italiano.","Vedi in italiano","Non mostrare più","Nous utilisons uniquement des cookies essentiels et fonctionnels. Aucune analyse, aucun suivi.","La Suisse a quatre langues nationales, et ces données existent dans plusieurs d'entre elles. Certaines entrées sont en plusieurs langues, d'autres dans une seule. Vous pouvez choisir la langue d'affichage du contenu ; si votre choix n'est pas disponible pour une entrée, les autres langues sont utilisées selon un ordre de priorité défini. Ceci est indépendant de la langue de l'interface. Réglable dans Paramètres › Langue du contenu (en haut à droite).","Cette page est aussi disponible en français.","Voir en français","Ne plus afficher","Wir verwenden nur essenzielle, funktionale Cookies. Keine Analyse, kein Tracking.","Die Schweiz hat vier Landessprachen, und diese Daten liegen in mehreren davon vor. Manche Einträge sind mehrsprachig, andere nur in einer Sprache. Sie können wählen, in welcher Sprache die Inhalte angezeigt werden; ist Ihre Wahl für einen Eintrag nicht verfügbar, werden die übrigen Sprachen in einer festen Prioritätsreihenfolge verwendet. Dies ist unabhängig von der Oberflächensprache. Einstellbar unter Einstellungen › Inhaltssprache (oben rechts).","Diese Seite ist auch auf Deutsch verfügbar.","Auf Deutsch anzeigen","Nicht mehr anzeigen","We use only essential, functional cookies. No analytics, no tracking.","Switzerland has four national languages, and this data comes in several of them. Some records are in multiple languages, some in only one. You can choose which language the content is shown in; when your choice isn't available for a record, the remaining languages are used in a set priority order. This is independent of the interface language. Set it under Settings › Content language (top right).","This page is also available in English.","View in English","Don't show again","settings",{"_1772":1773,"_1774":1775,"_1776":1131,"_1777":1778,"_1779":1133,"_1780":1135,"_1781":1782,"_1783":1784,"_1785":1786,"_1787":1788,"_1789":1790,"_604":605,"_1791":1792,"_1793":1794,"_1795":1796,"_1797":1798,"_1799":1800},"nav",{"_1596":1718,"_1719":1720,"_1721":654,"_1722":1723,"_1724":1725,"_1605":1606,"_1607":1608,"_1609":1610,"_1611":1612,"_1598":299,"_70":495,"_1600":385,"_1599":451,"_74":309,"_1603":418,"_1271":339,"_81":329,"_1601":319,"_1602":349,"_1604":359,"_1726":1711,"_1727":1728,"_1574":1575,"_1729":1730,"_1576":1577,"_1731":1732,"_1733":1734,"_1735":1736,"_1737":1738,"_1739":1740,"_1741":1742,"_1743":1744,"_1745":1746,"_1747":1748,"_1749":1750,"_1751":1752,"_1753":1754,"_1755":1756,"_1757":1758,"_1759":1760,"_1761":1762,"_1763":1764,"_1765":1715,"_1766":1767,"_1768":1769,"_1770":1771},{"_1664":1699,"_1666":1700,"_1668":1701,"_1670":1702,"_1672":1703},{"_1710":1711,"_1712":1713,"_1714":1715,"_1716":1717},"project.title","Project","project.desc","About parlhub: what the portal is, answers to common questions, and how the data fits together.","experiments.title","Experiments","experiments.desc","Experimental analyses and methodology showcases on parlhub, including the Wordfish scaling of parliaments from their speeches.","parlhub home","skip_to_content","Skip to main content","explore","start","Start here","start_desc","Quicklinks to chambers, cantons and communes","project","project_desc","The project at a glance","about_desc","What parlhub is and who is behind it","faq_desc","Answers to common questions","sustainability","Sustainability","sustainability_desc","How parlhub is hosted and what it costs the planet","accessibility","Accessibility","accessibility_desc","What works, what doesn't, and how to report a barrier","traffic_stats","Traffic statistics","traffic_stats_desc","Which parts of the site get requested, and by whom","imprint","Imprint","imprint_desc","Who runs parlhub, contact, and the licenses","github","GitHub","github_desc","The project's source code on GitHub","data_guide","Data guide","data_guide_desc","Every kind of data, in plain terms, with examples","data_map","Data map","data_map_desc","How the data fits together, at a glance","methodology","Methodology","methodology_desc","How each figure is calculated, with links to the code","experiments","experiments_desc","Experimental analyses and methodology write-ups","wordfish","Wordfish scaling","wordfish_desc","Placing members on an axis by the words in their speeches","menu_label","Settings","appearance","Appearance","theme","theme_system","System","theme_light","theme_dark","font_size","Font size","font_size_decrease","Decrease font size","font_size_increase","Increase font size","high_contrast","High contrast","grayscale","Grayscale","interface_language","Interface","content_language","Content language","content_language_auto","Auto (follow interface)","content_language_note","Language of the displayed data (names, titles, texts). Independent of the interface; when a record isn't available, the next language is used.","content_language_priority","Priority",{"_1776":1802,"_1781":1803,"_1804":206,"_1805":193,"_1806":193,"_1807":206,"_1808":-5},"system",100,"show_cookie_consent_message","ui_high_contrast","ui_grayscale","msg_lang_hint","content_lang"]