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Die Schweiz importiert ungefähr 55 Prozent ihres Weinkonsums, während sie nur etwa 1 Prozent ihrer Produktion exportiert. Die unkontrollierte Öffnung der Grenze für Importe würde den Inlandmarkt aus dem Gleichgewicht bringen. Die günstigen ausländischen Weine würden die einheimischen Weine, deren Produktion drastisch limitiert wurde, verdrängen.

Die Liberalisierung der Weissweinimporte beunruhigt darum die Produzenten und die Kreise, die mit einheimischen Weinen handeln, in hohem Mass.

Hat das Referendumskomitee, das den Rebbaubeschluss im Jahre 1990 zum Scheitern gebracht hat, nicht ein Gesuch eingereicht, um die totale Liberalisierung der Rot- und Weissweinimporte zu erreichen? Das Komitee schlägt vor, für die Rot- und Weissweinimporte nur noch ein Zollkontingent einzuführen.

Es ist ohne Zweifel notwendig, hier daran zu erinnern, dass die Gegner des Rebbaubeschlusses von 1990 die Liberalisierung der Importe nicht gefordert haben. Sie befürworteten sogar einen speziellen Schutz für Schweizer Weissweine. Sie wollten einerseits die Qualitätsnormen für Schweizer Weine verschärfen und andererseits die sogenannten \"Salon\"- Importeure ausschalten. Der Bundesbeschluss vom 19. Juni 1992 hat diese Bemühungen weitgehend unterstützt, indem er die Normen für den natürlichen Mindestzuckergehalt für Schweizer Weine drastisch verschärft hat und für das gesamte einheimische Weinbaugebiet strikte Ertragsbegrenzungen für Weine erster Kategorie vorgeschrieben hat. Kein anderes Land der Welt kennt solch strenge Bestimmungen! Die Kantone haben für ihr Weinbaugebiet die Anforderungen sogar noch erhöht. Diese Massnahmen haben dazu geführt, dass sich der Markt für einheimische Weine auf Kosten der Produzenten und der Einkellerer von Schweizer Weinen erholen konnte. Die Bestimmungen zur Begrenzung der einheimischen Produktion sind somit sehr strikt. Sie müssen durch Einschränkungen des Imports ausgeglichen werden.

Andernfalls würde die unkontrollierte Oeffnung der Grenzen den Inlandmarkt aus dem Gleichgewicht bringen. Dieser würde von Weinüberschüssen überflutet, die hauptsächlich von unseren traditionellen Hauptlieferanten (Frankreich, Italien, Spanien) zu Spottpreisen verschleudert würden.

Unseren Informationen zufolge wäre die schweizerische Wein- und Rebbaubranche damit einverstanden, das Zollkontingent für den Import von Weisswein bei 85 000 Hektolitern pro Jahr festzulegen. Im Vergleich zur momentan importierten Menge wäre das dennoch eine Erhöhung um mehr als zwölf Prozent. Ausserdem könnten zusätzliche Mengen gegen Zahlung von Zusatztaxen, wie sie in den GATT-Verträgen festgelegt sind, importiert werden.

Das Gesamtkontingent von 1 705 000 Hektoliter, welches vom Referendumskomitee vorgeschlagen wurde, würde aber den einheimischen Weinbau stark gefährden, da die Gesamtmenge des jährlich importierten Rotweines ungefähr 1 450 000 Hektoliter beträgt. Der Rest des Kontingents würde in dem Fall die Einfuhr von etwa 25 Millionen Liter Weisswein erlauben, was der dreifachen jetzigen Menge entsprechen würde!

In diesem Sinne bitten wir den Bundesrat den einheimischen Markt für ausländische Weissweine entsprechend den Anforderungen des GATT zu öffnen, und dabei weder schneller vorzugehen, noch darüber hinauszugehen.

In der Tat muss die Liberalisierung schrittweise angegangen werden, um dem Rebbau und Weinhandel in der Schweiz die Möglichkeit zu geben, sich den neuen Marktbedingungen anzupassen. Gewiss kann man eine Anpassung der Kontingente von Jahr zu Jahr ins Auge fassen, um - wie es die GATT-Verträge vorsehen - das Ziel der Liberalisierung im Jahr 2002 zu erreichen. Man muss sich aber unbedingt strikt an diese Verträge halten.

Ausserdem bitten wir den Bundesrat, in Zukunft die Anstrengungen der interessierten Kreise zu Gunsten der Ausfuhr von Schweizer Weinen aktiver zu unterstützen. Der schweizerische Rebbaufonds, der ungefähr 70 Millionen Franken enthält, sollte zu diesem Zweck effizienter genutzt werden. Die Schweiz ist in absoluten Zahlen der wichtigste Importeur von Weinen aus der Europäischen Union und sollte deshalb keine Hemmungen haben, mit Qualitätsweinen Marktanteile auf Europäischer Ebene zu erobern.

Nur eine Politik, die den Weinbauern hilft, sich selbst zu helfen, wird im Interesse der Schweiz Erfolg haben.

","affair_title",8244,"19943453_5","Eingereichter Text","

Die Liberalisierung der Weissweinimporte - für die Rot- und Weissweinimporte gäbe es nur noch ein Zollkontingent - beunruhigt darum die Produzenten und die Kreise, die mit einheimischen Weinen handeln, in hohem Mass.

1. Ist der Bundesrat bereit, den einheimischen Markt den ausländischen Weissweinen entsprechend den Anforderungen der Gatt-Verträge zu öffnen, ohne vorzeitige oder weiter gehende Massnahmen zu treffen?

2. Ist der Bundesrat bereit, in Zukunft die Bemühungen der interessierten Kreise zugunsten der Ausfuhr von Schweizer Weinen aktiver zu unterstützen? Der Schweizerische Rebbaufonds, der ungefähr 70 Millionen Franken enthält, sollte zu diesem Zweck effizienter genutzt werden. Die Schweiz ist in absoluten Zahlen der wichtigste Importeur von Weinen aus der Europäischen Union und sollte deshalb keine Hemmungen haben, mit Qualitätsweinen Marktanteile auf europäischer Ebene zu erobern.

",8243,"19943453_14","Antwort BR / Büro","

Im Zusammenhang mit der Tarifizierung der Weineinfuhren wird der Bundesrat das Einfuhrsystem für Weisswein im Fass und in Flaschen neu regeln. Die entsprechende Änderung der Verordnung über den Rebbau und den Absatz der Rebbauerzeugnisse (Weinstatut) soll die bisherige Kontingentsregelung aufheben. Dieser Schritt in Richtung Marktöffnung trägt dem Volksentscheid vom 1. April 1990 über einen neuen Rebbaubeschluss Rechnung und berücksichtigt die Ergebnisse der UruguayRunde des Allgemeinen Zoll und Handelsabkommens (GATT).

In seiner Antwort auf die Motion Engler vom 5. Oktober 1990 (Weinkontingentierung) hat der Bundesrat die Tarifizierung aller Weineinfuhren bis spätestens 1995 in Aussicht gestellt. In der Zwischenzeit ist das Einfuhrsystem für Rotwein im Fass per 1. Januar 1992 und für Rotwein in Flaschen per 1. Januar 1994 tarifiziert worden (globales Zollkontingent für Rotwein im Fass und in Flaschen von l'620'000 hl). Das neue Einfuhrsystem für Weisswein im Fass und in Flaschen soll mit der Inkraftsetzung des GATTAbkommens, d.h. voraussichtlich ab 1. Juli 1995 angewandt werden.

Die geplante Tarifizierung von Weisswein im Fass und in Flaschen bewirkt keine unkontrollierte Öffnung der Grenzen beim Import von Wein, sondern stellt lediglich eine Systemänderung (Abschaffung der Individualkontingente sowie der Bewilligungspflicht) im Sinne der Deregulierung/Revitalisierung für die einheimische Produktion dar.

Die Vernehmlassung betreffend Tarifizierung der Weissweinimporte soll im letzten Quartal 1994 durchgeführt werden. Allen interessierten Kreisen wird es dann möglich sein, zur Änderung des Weinstatutes Stellung zu nehmen.

Zu den einzelnen Fragen nimmt der Bundesrat wie folgt Stellung:

1. Die im GATT notifizierte Zollkontingentsmenge von 30'600 hl für Weisswein im Fass und 45'000 hl für Weisswein in Flaschen entspricht dem Marktzutritt in der Referenzperiode 1986/88. Es ist das Ziel des Bundesrates, keine neuen Renten zu schaffen und die alten Renten abzubauen. Die Verteilung des Zollkontingentes ist dementsprechend möglichst marktgerecht und konsumentenfreundlich zu gestalten. Gleichzeitig muss aber auch der einheimischen Produktion Zeit für die Anpassung an eine allenfalls grössere Konkurrenz durch ausländische Weissweine gewährt werden.

2. Der Weinexport wird gegenwärtig jährlich mit drei Millionen Franken aus dem Rebbaufonds gefördert. Diese Unterstützung ist gemäss GATTAgrarabkommen nicht abbaupflichtig. Sie ist auch für die nächsten Jahre vorgesehen. Im weiteren wird sich der Bund im Rahmen der bilateralen Gespräche mit der EU für eine Vereinfachung der Exportformalitäten einsetzen. Die Hauptanstrengungen in Sachen Weinexport müssen jedoch von den Produzenten, Einkellerern und Weinhändlern selbst unternommen werden.

Antwort des Bundesrates.",8242,"19943453_1","Titel des 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options","sort_begin_date","Start","sort_end_date","End","sort_name","Name","facet_all","All","facet_yes","facet_no","facet_payment","Compensation","facet_body","facet_date_from","From","facet_date_to","To","sort_voting_date","Date","sort_voting_title","Title","facet_vote","Vote","vote_yes","vote_no","vote_abstention","Abstention","sort_date_start","Speech date","sort_date_end","End date","facet_has_video","With video","sort_begin","sort_end","sort_group_name","sort_active","facet_type","Type","facet_active","facet_party","facet_group","facet_gender","facet_chamber","Chamber","chamber_both","Both","facet_deceased","Deceased","sort_firstname","First name","people_title","no_people","No people found.","controls_per_page","Per page","facet_country","Country","facet_electoral_district","country_che","Switzerland","country_lie","Liechtenstein","also_active_in","controls_search_placeholder_people","Search people…","controls_search_placeholder_alignment","Search 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group/body name, function and membership type.","controls_search_hint_interests","Searches organisation name, function and parliamentary group.","controls_search_hint_votes","Searches the voting title and the affair title.","controls_search_hint_access_badges","Searches guests' name and organisation.","controls_search_hint_contributors","Searches the affair title.","controls_search_hint_speeches","Searches the speech text.","controls_sort_status","Sorted by {field}, {direction}","sort_affair_date","Affair date","sort_role","Role","sort_affair_type","Affair type","sort_affair_number","Affair number","sort_valid_from","Valid from","sort_valid_to","Valid until","sort_version","facet_latest","Latest","gender_f","Female","gender_m","Male","gender_d","Diverse","lang_de","German","lang_fr","French","lang_it","Italian","lang_rm","Romansh","lang_en","English","lang_es","Spanish","bodies_title","affairs_title","no_bodies","No institutions found.","facet_has_parliament","With parliament","sort_canton","Canton","sort_position","Order","sort_population","Population","controls_search_placeholder_bodies","Search institutions…","controls_search_hint_bodies","Searches name, canton and key.","body_population","Residents","body_seats","Seats","controls_no_results","No matches for your search.","controls_filter_search","controls_loading","Loading results…","body_section_profile","Profile","body_has_parliament","Has parliament","body_languages","Languages","body_seats_legislative","Seats (legislative)","body_executive","Executive","body_seats_executive","Seats (executive)","body_consultations","Consultations","body_elections_votings","Elections & votings","body_flag","Flag","body_key_label","Body key","body_source_lang","Source language","body_people_directory_title","All people of this institution","body_composition_title","Current composition","body_chambers_title","Chambers","body_votings_title","no_votings","No recorded votings.","controls_search_placeholder_votings","Search votings…","controls_search_hint_votings","body_affairs_title","no_affairs","No recorded affairs.","affair_untitled","Untitled affair","affair_long_title","Full title","affair_number","Number","affair_official_record","affair_external_id","External ID","affair_agenda_section","Agenda items","controls_search_placeholder_affairs","Search affairs…","controls_search_hint_affairs","Searches affair title and affair number.","sort_affair_title","facet_state","State","view_all_votings","View all votings","view_all_affairs","View all affairs","external_link","External link","docs_title","docs_loading","Searching documents…","section_docs","no_docs","No documents.","view_all_docs","View all documents","controls_search_placeholder_docs","Search documents…","controls_search_hint_docs","Searches name and category.","facet_category","Category","facet_format","Format","facet_lang","facet_case","Case sensitive","facet_word","Whole word","facet_match_on","facet_match_off","section_events","no_events","No recorded events.","view_all_events","View full timeline","controls_search_placeholder_events","Search events…","controls_search_hint_events","Searches title, actor and details.","facet_actor_type","Actor type","event_untitled","Event","texts_title","texts_loading","Searching texts…","section_texts","no_texts","No texts.","view_all_texts","View all texts","controls_search_placeholder_texts","Search texts…","controls_search_hint_texts","Searches type and body text.","sort_type","text_untitled","Text","facet_position_country","facet_position_canton","facet_position_city","City","facet_position_commune","Commune","facet_position_other","Other","votings_title","voting_result_section","voting_decision","Decision","voting_meaning_yes","A yes means","voting_meaning_no","A no means","voting_affair","voting_chart_title","How they voted","voting_chart_alt","Seat map of {count} members, coloured by {mode}. {summary}","voting_table_alt","Table of how {count} members voted, one row per member, with their party and parliamentary group.","chart_export","chart_export_title","Export chart","chart_export_failed","Export failed.","chart_exporting","Exporting…","chart_download","Download","chart_close","chart_fullscreen","Fullscreen","chart_title","chart_title_ph","Optional title","chart_subtitle","Subtitle","chart_subtitle_ph","Optional subtitle","chart_colors","Colours & labels","chart_color_for","Colour for","chart_label_for","Label for","chart_reset","chart_order","chart_output","Output","chart_format","chart_theme","Theme","chart_theme_light","Light","chart_theme_dark","Dark","chart_size","Size","chart_options","Options","chart_show_legend","Show legend","chart_transparent","Transparent background","chart_interactive","Interactive","chart_credits","Credit","voting_chart_no_votes","No votes recorded.","voting_chart_seats","seats","voting_chart_no_seatmap","No seat data available.","voting_chart_col_person","Person","voting_chart_col_party","voting_chart_col_group","voting_chart_col_vote","voting_chart_by_party","Vote by party","voting_chart_by_party_seats","Seats by party","voting_chart_colour_by","Colour seats by","voting_chart_majority","Majority","voting_chart_edit","Edit & export","voting_chart_seat_note","Seat positions are illustrative, not the real chamber layout. Open the editor to rearrange the colours, labels and order, and export.","speeches_title","speeches_loading","Searching speeches…","speech_person","Speaker","speech_body","Institution","speech_affair","speech_meeting","groups_title","no_groups","No groups found.","group_untitled","Untitled group","section_meetings","no_meetings","No recorded meetings.","view_all_meetings","View all meetings","meetings_title","meeting_untitled","meeting_upcoming","Upcoming","facet_time","When","facet_upcoming","facet_past","Past","group_abbreviation","Abbreviation","group_description","Description","group_official_record","Official page","group_contact","member_unknown","section_votings","interests_title","interest_details","Details","interest_person","Declared by","interest_body","Granting body","interest_role","interest_type","interest_group","interest_place","Place","interest_period","Period","meeting_details","meeting_type","meeting_state","meeting_number","meeting_location","Location","meeting_period","meeting_group","meeting_body","group_type","description","controls_search_placeholder_meetings","Search meetings …","controls_search_hint_meetings","Name, location or description","section_agendas","no_agendas","No agenda items.","view_all_agendas","View all agenda items","agenda_untitled","speech_speaker_unknown","video","doc_untitled","Document","doc_body","doc_affair","doc_meeting","doc_agenda","section_contributors","Contributors","no_contributors","No contributors.","view_all_contributors","View all contributors","sort_number","topics_title","Most-used words","topics_intro","The words this person uses most across their speeches, with common filler words removed. Tile size shows how often a word is used.","topics_all_time","All time","topics_last_4y","Last 4 years","topics_last_8y","Last 8 years","topics_from","topics_to","topics_speeches","speeches","topics_words","words (filtered)","topics_distinct","distinct words","topics_uses","uses","topics_alt","Treemap of the {count} most-used words, sized by how often each is used. {ctx}","topics_table_alt","Table of the {count} most-used words and how often each is used. {ctx}","topics_table_toggle","Show as table","topics_table_word","Word","topics_empty","No speeches with usable text in this period. Try widening the range.","loyalty_title","Party loyalty","loyalty_subtitle","Share of a member's votes cast against their group's majority line (higher = more independent). Abstentions count as a position.","loyalty_axis","Dissent rate: share of votes against own group","loyalty_dissent","dissent","loyalty_ballots","votes","loyalty_empty","No votes in this period meet the thresholds for a loyalty score. Widen the range.","loyalty_chart_alt","Beeswarm plot of the dissent rate of {count} members, one dot per member, coloured by party. {ctx}","loyalty_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their votes, dissents and dissent rate. {ctx}","loyalty_col_member","loyalty_col_party","loyalty_col_group","loyalty_col_ballots","loyalty_col_dissents","Against","loyalty_col_rate","Dissent","loyalty_from","loyalty_to","loyalty_scale","Scale","loyalty_scale_log","Log","loyalty_scale_linear","Linear","loyalty_filters","Filters","cohesion_title","Group cohesion","cohesion_hint","mean Agreement Index (1 = unanimous)","section_alignment","Voting alignment","no_alignment","Not enough shared votes to compare.","view_all_alignment","View full alignment","alignment_agreed_of_shared","agreed on {agreed} of {shared} shared votes","sort_agreement","Agreement","sort_shared","Shared votes","facet_min_shared","Min. shared","min_shared_10","≥ 10","min_shared_20","≥ 20","min_shared_50","≥ 50","min_shared_100","≥ 100","section_body_alignment","body_alignment_subtitle","How members of this chamber vote relative to one another, from the votes they have in common. In the map, members who vote alike sit close together and opponents far apart. Colours are parties, so blocs and coalitions show up as clusters. The grid gives the average agreement between each pair of parties (the diagonal is each party's own internal cohesion).","alignment_from","alignment_to","alignment_view","View","alignment_view_scatter","Map","alignment_view_heatmap","Party grid","alignment_empty","Not enough votes in this window to build the model.","alignment_window_note","Most meaningful within a single legislative period: the model compares members from the votes they have in common. If the window spans an election or a change in composition, members with different terms barely overlap and positions become less comparable.","alignment_no_parties","No party groups to compare in this window.","alignment_scatter_alt","Scatter plot of {count} members placed by how similarly they voted, coloured by party. {ctx}","alignment_pairs","pairs","alignment_heatmap_note","Each cell is the average agreement between members of the two parties (diagonal = a party's internal cohesion). ± is the 95% confidence range and n the number of member-pairs behind it. A small range over many pairs means the alignment is well-established; a wide range means it's only suggestive.","alignment_heatmap_alt","Grid of the average voting agreement between {count} parties. {ctx}","alignment_members_heading","Members","alignment_members_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their agreement with the chamber and with their own party. {ctx}","alignment_col_member","alignment_col_party","alignment_col_votes","alignment_col_chamber","Aligns with chamber","alignment_col_party_align","Within party","alignment_zoom_in","Zoom in","alignment_zoom_out","Zoom out","alignment_zoom_reset","Reset zoom","alignment_filters","section_lobby","Lobby network","lobby_subtitle","The organizations members of this chamber declare in their register of interests, and where those ties overlap. In the network, members are dots (coloured by party) and organizations shared by two or more members are squares. Members who share the same organizations pull together. The breakdown shows how many mandates are paid versus unpaid, and who holds the most.","lobby_empty","No declared interests for this chamber in this window.","lobby_no_shared","No organizations are shared by two or more members here. See the breakdown.","lobby_network_alt","Network graph of {members} members and the {orgs} organizations they share, linked by declared interests. {ctx}","lobby_mandates","mandates","lobby_members_tied","members","lobby_unknown","Unknown","lobby_org_node","Organization","lobby_payment_heading","Paid vs unpaid mandates","lobby_top_orgs","Most-shared organizations","lobby_top_members","Members by mandates","discussion_title","Speech profiles","discussion_intro","Where members sit on a latent axis derived purely from the words they use in their speeches (Wordfish scaling).","discussion_calculating","Scaling speeches…","lobby_calculating","Computing lobby network…","discussion_error","The speech scaling could not be computed.","discussion_converged","Model converged","discussion_not_converged","Model did not fully converge. Read positions with extra caution.","discussion_members_scored","Members scored","discussion_vocab","Vocabulary","discussion_window","Window","discussion_show_all","discussion_show_reliable","Reliable only","discussion_methodology","How this is computed","discussion_range_label","Time range","discussion_range_1y","1 year","discussion_range_2y","2 years","discussion_range_4y","4 years","discussion_range_8y","8 years","discussion_plot_alt","Beeswarm plot of {count} members placed along a word-choice axis, one dot per member. {ctx}","discussion_plot_caption","Each dot is one member, placed by the words they use in their speeches. Members who reach for the same distinctive words sit close together; members who talk very differently sit far apart. So a member's spot isn't assigned by us; it comes out of how they actually speak. For example, someone who keeps saying “tax”, “budget” and “spending” lands far from someone who mostly says “asylum”, “border” and “integration”. Hover any dot for its details. Filled dots have enough speech to place reliably; hollow rings spoke too little, so read their position with caution.","discussion_empty","No speeches are available for this parliament, so its members can't be placed on the axis. This scaling reads the words members actually speak, and the data set only holds speech transcripts for a few parliaments: the federal chambers and a handful of cantons such as Bern, Basel-Stadt or St. Gallen. You can also try a longer time range above.","discussion_empty_sparse","There is too little speech transcript text for this parliament to place its members on the axis. Try a longer time range above.","discussion_pole_a","One pole","discussion_pole_b","Other pole","discussion_col_party","discussion_key_filled","Enough text (reliable)","discussion_key_ring","Below the word floor (low confidence)","discussion_align_title","Does the axis track party?","discussion_align_hint","How much of the spread in positions is explained by party membership (η²): 100% = parties are perfectly separated, ~0% = party tells you nothing.","discussion_align_strong","parties are clearly separated","discussion_align_moderate","parties are partly separated","discussion_align_weak","party barely explains the axis","discussion_poles_title","What the axis is made of","discussion_poles_hint","The words that most pull members towards each pole. The axis only means something once you read these. Its direction is arbitrary.","discussion_no_party","No party","discussion_col_name","discussion_col_position","Position","discussion_col_words","Words","discussion_col_speeches","discussion_low_confidence","low confidence","discussion_table_title","discussion_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their position on the word-choice axis. {ctx}","discussion_read_title","How to read this","discussion_read_direction","The axis direction is arbitrary: Wordfish finds the split, not which side is “left” or “right”. Read the word poles to see what each side means.","discussion_read_uncertainty","Positions are standardized, so the spread is a convention, not a real distance. Wider error bars (and hollow dots) mean less certainty, so don't over-read those members.","discussion_read_confound","Speech style reflects role as much as ideology: committee chairs, ministers and frequent speakers can land at a pole because of what they do, not only what they believe.","organizations_title","organizations_none","No organizations.","org_members","org_mandates","org_bodies","org_members_heading","org_members_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their party, body, role, payment and period. {ctx}","org_no_members","No members.","org_col_member","org_col_party","org_col_body","org_col_role","org_col_payment","Payment","org_col_period","sort_members","sort_mandates","Mandates","interest_unknown","lobby_panel_person","Declared organizations","lobby_panel_org","Members with this mandate","lobby_table_heading","Who is tied to what","lobby_table_explain","The full matrix marks every member against every shared organization: one dot per declared tie, the exhaustive view of who is tied to what.","lobby_table_large","For this chamber that is","lobby_table_cells","cells","lobby_table_show","Show table","lobby_table_alt","Table marking each of {count} members against the {orgs} organizations they are tied to, one dot per declared tie. {ctx}","lobby_select_hint","Select a member or organization to see its ties.","lobby_filters","lobby_error","The lobby network could not be computed.","lobby_clear_selection","Clear selection","close","not_found_person","Person not found","not_found_body","Parliament not found","not_found_affair","Affair not found","not_found_group","Committee or group not found","not_found_voting","Voting not found","not_found_meeting","Meeting not found","not_found_interest","Interest not found","not_found_organization","Organization not found","not_found_text","Text not found","not_found_doc","Document not found","not_found_speech","Speech not found","not_found_hint","There is no entry with the ID {id}. It may have been removed, or the link may be outdated.","not_found_back","Back to the overview","about","About","faq","FAQ","section_title","section_title_bodies","section_title_affairs","section_title_votings","section_title_texts","section_title_docs","section_subtitle_search","section_subtitle_discussion",{"_1601":1602,"_1618":784,"_1619":1620,"_1621":1622,"_1623":971,"_1302":544,"_1276":344,"_78":548,"_1624":551,"_1607":354,"_1625":1626,"_1627":755,"_1409":304,"_74":314,"_1604":456,"_19":324,"_76":554,"_81":334,"_1628":1081,"_1629":1215,"_1630":1251,"_1631":1215,"_1632":1633,"_1634":1215,"_1635":1636,"_1637":544,"_1638":723,"_1639":1215,"_1640":1622,"_1641":548,"_1608":423,"_1642":1643,"_1214":1215,"_1644":661,"_1227":1215,"_72":559,"_1645":1437,"_1646":1294,"_1647":1332,"_1648":1626,"_1649":1421,"_1609":364,"_1650":1413,"_1651":1215},"section_switcher",{"_1599":1600,"_1601":1602,"_1603":304,"_70":500,"_74":314,"_1604":456,"_1605":390,"_1276":344,"_81":334,"_1606":324,"_1607":354,"_1608":423,"_1609":364,"_1610":1611,"_1612":1613,"_1614":1615,"_1616":1617},"section_title_speeches","section_title_groups","section_title_interests","section_title_meetings","section_title_organizations","label_section","Section","home","Home","people","affairs","groups","documents","interests","meetings","organizations","group_parliament","Actors","group_proceedings","Proceedings","group_records","Records","group_lobbying","Lobbying","search","eyebrow","Data on {{name}}","overview","Overview","personal_data","memberships","access_badges","Lobby","images","texts_overview","text_details","docs_overview","doc_details","votings_overview","Voting","voting_details","voting_diagram","Diagram","voting_tally","speeches_overview","speech_details","groups_overview","contributions","interests_overview","Interest","meetings_overview","vocabulary","loyalty","alignment","lobby","discussion","organizations_overview","org_details",{"_1709":1710,"_1711":1712,"_1653":1713,"_255":1714},"intro",{"_1655":1656,"_1657":1658,"_1659":1660,"_1661":1662,"_1663":1664,"_1665":1666,"_1667":1668},"en",{"_1669":1704,"_1671":1705,"_1673":1706,"_1675":1707,"_1677":1708},"de",{"_1669":1699,"_1671":1700,"_1673":1701,"_1675":1702,"_1677":1703},"fr",{"_1669":1694,"_1671":1695,"_1673":1696,"_1675":1697,"_1677":1698},"it",{"_1669":1689,"_1671":1690,"_1673":1691,"_1675":1692,"_1677":1693},"es",{"_1669":1684,"_1671":1685,"_1673":1686,"_1675":1687,"_1677":1688},"pt",{"_1669":1679,"_1671":1680,"_1673":1681,"_1675":1682,"_1677":1683},"rm",{"_1669":1670,"_1671":1672,"_1673":1674,"_1675":1676,"_1677":1678},"cookie","Nus duvrain mo cookies essenzials e funcziunals. Nagina analitica, nagin tracking.","dataLang","La Svizra ha quatter linguas naziunalas, e questas datas datti en pliras da quellas. Intgins records èn plurilings, auters mo en ina lingua. Vus pudais tscherner en tge lingua ch'il cuntegn vegn mussà; sche vossa tscherna n'è betg disponibla per in record, vegnan duvradas las autras linguas en in urden da prioritad fix. Quai è independent da la lingua da l'interfatscha. As lascha reglar sut Configuraziuns › Lingua dal cuntegn (sura a dretga).","alt","Questa pagina è era disponibla per rumantsch.","switch","Mussar per rumantsch","dismiss","Betg pli mussar","Utilizamos apenas cookies essenciais e funcionais. Sem análises, sem rastreio.","A Suíça tem quatro línguas nacionais, e estes dados existem em várias delas. Alguns registos estão em várias línguas, outros apenas numa. Pode escolher em que idioma os conteúdos são apresentados; quando a sua escolha não está disponível para um registo, as restantes línguas são usadas por uma ordem de prioridade fixa. Isto é independente do idioma da interface. Configure em Definições › Idioma dos conteúdos (canto superior direito).","Esta página também está disponível em português.","Ver em português","Não mostrar novamente","Solo utilizamos cookies esenciales y funcionales. Sin análisis, sin seguimiento.","Suiza tiene cuatro lenguas nacionales, y estos datos existen en varias de ellas. Algunos registros están en varias lenguas, otros en una sola. Puede elegir en qué idioma se muestra el contenido; cuando su elección no está disponible para un registro, se utilizan las demás lenguas en un orden de prioridad fijo. Esto es independiente del idioma de la interfaz. Configúrelo en Ajustes › Idioma del contenido (arriba a la derecha).","Esta página también está disponible en español.","Ver en español","No volver a mostrar","Utilizziamo solo cookie essenziali e funzionali. Nessuna analisi, nessun tracciamento.","La Svizzera ha quattro lingue nazionali e questi dati esistono in diverse di esse. Alcune voci sono in più lingue, altre in una sola. Puoi scegliere in quale lingua mostrare i contenuti; se la tua scelta non è disponibile per una voce, vengono usate le altre lingue secondo un ordine di priorità prestabilito. Questo è indipendente dalla lingua dell'interfaccia. Impostabile in Impostazioni › Lingua del contenuto (in alto a destra).","Questa pagina è disponibile anche in italiano.","Vedi in italiano","Non mostrare più","Nous utilisons uniquement des cookies essentiels et fonctionnels. Aucune analyse, aucun suivi.","La Suisse a quatre langues nationales, et ces données existent dans plusieurs d'entre elles. Certaines entrées sont en plusieurs langues, d'autres dans une seule. Vous pouvez choisir la langue d'affichage du contenu ; si votre choix n'est pas disponible pour une entrée, les autres langues sont utilisées selon un ordre de priorité défini. Ceci est indépendant de la langue de l'interface. Réglable dans Paramètres › Langue du contenu (en haut à droite).","Cette page est aussi disponible en français.","Voir en français","Ne plus afficher","Wir verwenden nur essenzielle, funktionale Cookies. Keine Analyse, kein Tracking.","Die Schweiz hat vier Landessprachen, und diese Daten liegen in mehreren davon vor. Manche Einträge sind mehrsprachig, andere nur in einer Sprache. Sie können wählen, in welcher Sprache die Inhalte angezeigt werden; ist Ihre Wahl für einen Eintrag nicht verfügbar, werden die übrigen Sprachen in einer festen Prioritätsreihenfolge verwendet. Dies ist unabhängig von der Oberflächensprache. Einstellbar unter Einstellungen › Inhaltssprache (oben rechts).","Diese Seite ist auch auf Deutsch verfügbar.","Auf Deutsch anzeigen","Nicht mehr anzeigen","We use only essential, functional cookies. No analytics, no tracking.","Switzerland has four national languages, and this data comes in several of them. Some records are in multiple languages, some in only one. You can choose which language the content is shown in; when your choice isn't available for a record, the remaining languages are used in a set priority order. This is independent of the interface language. Set it under Settings › Content language (top right).","This page is also available in English.","View in English","Don't show again","settings",{"_1777":1778,"_1779":1780,"_1781":1136,"_1782":1783,"_1784":1138,"_1785":1140,"_1786":1787,"_1788":1789,"_1790":1791,"_1792":1793,"_1794":1795,"_609":610,"_1796":1797,"_1798":1799,"_1800":1801,"_1802":1803,"_1804":1805},"nav",{"_1601":1723,"_1724":1725,"_1726":659,"_1727":1728,"_1729":1730,"_1610":1611,"_1612":1613,"_1614":1615,"_1616":1617,"_1603":304,"_70":500,"_1605":390,"_1604":456,"_74":314,"_1608":423,"_1276":344,"_81":334,"_1606":324,"_1607":354,"_1609":364,"_1731":1716,"_1732":1733,"_1579":1580,"_1734":1735,"_1581":1582,"_1736":1737,"_1738":1739,"_1740":1741,"_1742":1743,"_1744":1745,"_1746":1747,"_1748":1749,"_1750":1751,"_1752":1753,"_1754":1755,"_1756":1757,"_1758":1759,"_1760":1761,"_1762":1763,"_1764":1765,"_1766":1767,"_1768":1769,"_1770":1720,"_1771":1772,"_1773":1774,"_1775":1776},{"_1669":1704,"_1671":1705,"_1673":1706,"_1675":1707,"_1677":1708},{"_1715":1716,"_1717":1718,"_1719":1720,"_1721":1722},"project.title","Project","project.desc","About parlhub: what the portal is, answers to common questions, and how the data fits together.","experiments.title","Experiments","experiments.desc","Experimental analyses and methodology showcases on parlhub, including the Wordfish scaling of parliaments from their speeches.","parlhub home","skip_to_content","Skip to main content","explore","start","Start here","start_desc","Quicklinks to chambers, cantons and communes","project","project_desc","The project at a glance","about_desc","What parlhub is and who is behind it","faq_desc","Answers to common questions","sustainability","Sustainability","sustainability_desc","How parlhub is hosted and what it costs the planet","accessibility","Accessibility","accessibility_desc","What works, what doesn't, and how to report a barrier","traffic_stats","Traffic statistics","traffic_stats_desc","Which parts of the site get requested, and by whom","imprint","Imprint","imprint_desc","Who runs parlhub, contact, and the licenses","github","GitHub","github_desc","The project's source code on GitHub","data_guide","Data guide","data_guide_desc","Every kind of data, in plain terms, with examples","data_map","Data map","data_map_desc","How the data fits together, at a glance","methodology","Methodology","methodology_desc","How each figure is calculated, with links to the code","experiments","experiments_desc","Experimental analyses and methodology write-ups","wordfish","Wordfish scaling","wordfish_desc","Placing members on an axis by the words in their speeches","menu_label","Settings","appearance","Appearance","theme","theme_system","System","theme_light","theme_dark","font_size","Font size","font_size_decrease","Decrease font size","font_size_increase","Increase font size","high_contrast","High contrast","grayscale","Grayscale","interface_language","Interface","content_language","Content language","content_language_auto","Auto (follow interface)","content_language_note","Language of the displayed data (names, titles, texts). Independent of the interface; when a record isn't available, the next language is used.","content_language_priority","Priority",{"_1781":1807,"_1786":1808,"_1809":214,"_1810":200,"_1811":200,"_1812":214,"_1813":-5},"system",100,"show_cookie_consent_message","ui_high_contrast","ui_grayscale","msg_lang_hint","content_lang"]