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Der Bundesrat hat im Dezember 1992 beschlossen, 5000 Kriegsopfer aus Bosnien aufzunehmen, \"wenn humanitäre Organisationen entsprechende Anfragen an die Schweiz richten\".

In einem Schreiben vom 17. September 1993 gelangte das UNHCR an das Bundesamt für Flüchtlinge (BFF) mit der eindringlichen Bitte, 113 Kriegsflüchtlinge aus Bosnien in der Schweiz aufzunehmen.

Gestützt auf einen Entscheid des Chefs des BFF, Urs Scheidegger, teilte Peter Häller, Abteilungschef Sektion Einreise und Empfangsstellen, dem UNHCR am 23. September 1993 schriftlich die Ablehnung des Gesuches mit. In der Abweisung der Bitte um Aufnahme wurden unter anderem finanzielle Gründe geltend gemacht. Es brauchte ein Wiedererwägungsgesuch des UNHCR, begleitet von Aufklärungen durch die Presse, damit der Bundesrat den negativen Entscheid korrigierte.

Ich bitte den Bundesrat um die Beantwortung folgender Fragen:

1. Hatte der Direktor des BFF den Abweisungsentscheid eigenmächtig gefällt, oder handelte er auf Weisung des Bundesrates?

2. Wie kommt es, dass BFF-Vizedirektor Urs Betschart in der Öffentlichkeit abstritt, dass sich unter den 113 um Hilfe bittenden Flüchtlingen frühere Kriegsgefangene befinden, obwohl im Brief des UNHCR klar von 32 Exkriegsgefangenen die Rede war?

3. Stimmt es, dass BFF-intern beschlossen wurde, das vom Bundesrat beschlossene Kontingent von 5000 auf vorläufig 2000 Personen einzufrieren?

4. Sind seither ähnliche Anfragen des UNHCR oder anderer humanitärer Organisationen eingegangen? Wie wurden sie beantwortet?

5. Wie gedenkt der Bundesrat in Zukunft solche Gesuche humanitärer Organisationen zu behandeln? Ist der nachträgliche positive Entscheid als einmaliger humanitärer Akt zu verstehen, oder ist der Bundesrat bereit, seinem im vergangenen Dezember gefällten Beschluss nachzuleben?

6. Ist der Bundesrat nicht auch der Meinung, dass es für eines der reichsten Länder der Welt in jeder Hinsicht beschämend ist, derartige Gesuche aus finanziellen Gründen abzuweisen?

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1./3. Nach Asylgesetz ist der Bundesrat für die Aufnahme von grösseren Flüchtlingsgruppen zuständig (vgl. Art. 22 AsylG). Gegen Ende 1992 war die Entwicklung der Situation in Zusammenhang mit der Aufnahme von Schutzbedürftigen aus dem ehemaligen Jugoslawien nicht absehbar: Einerseits konnten wegen kriegerischer Ereignisse die von der Not am härtesten Betroffenen nicht evakuiert werden, und es stellten sich Verzögerungen bei der angekündigten Freilassung von Kriegsgefangenen ein, andererseits musste täglich damit gerechnet werden, dass, zusätzlich zur Hilfe vor Ort, rasch grössere Aufnahmeaktionen notwendig würden. Um bei Bedarf rasch handeln zu können, hat der Bundesrat am 14. Dezember 1992 dem Eidgenössischen Justiz- und Polizeidepartement vorsorglicherweise die Ermächtigung erteilt, im Verlaufe des Winters 1992/93 zusätzlich zu den bereits erfolgten Hilfsprogrammen bis zu 5000 weitere Kriegsvertriebene unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen unbürokratisch und rasch aufnehmen zu können. Er hat jedoch keine verbindliche Anordnung zur Aufnahme von 5000 Personen getroffen. Dass trotz Erfüllung sämtlicher Hilfsbegehren das vorsorglich bewilligte Kontingent nicht ausgeschöpft werden musste, zeigt lediglich, dass die Aufnahmepolitik des Bundesrates grosszügig war. Von einem \"Einfrieren\" des vom Bundesrat bewilligten Kontingents kann daher keine Rede sein. Die vorerst negative Beantwortung eines der Aufnahmebegehren des UNHCR erfolgte weder auf Veranlassung des Bundesrates noch des Eidgenössischen Justiz- und Polizeidepartementes.

2. Im Aufnahmebegehren des UNHCR-Regionalbüros in Zagreb vom 17. September 1993 ist die Rede von 32 ehemaligen Kriegsgefangenen und von 81 Familienangehörigen. Diese lebten im Erstasylland Kroatien in Sicherheit und standen unter der Obhut des UNHCR. Für die vorerst abschlägige Beantwortung des Hilfsbegehrens war die Frage, ob es sich bei den Betroffenen um Kriegsgefangene handelt, nicht von entscheidender Bedeutung. Vielmehr wurde das UNHCR im Antwortschreiben vom 23. September 1993 unter Hinweis auf die überproportionale Hilfeleistung der Schweiz darum ersucht, andere Staaten um die Aufnahme der Betroffenen zu bitten. Falls in den Medien nachträglich der Eindruck entstanden ist, unter den Betroffenen befänden sich keine ehemaligen Kriegsgefangenen, handelt es sich um ein Missverständnis.

4. Nachdem das UNHCR für die 113 Bosnier keine alternative Aufnahmemöglichkeit ausfindig machen konnte, hat die Schweiz dem Aufnahmebegehren entsprochen. In einem Schreiben an die Schweizer Behörden hat das UNHCR sein Bedauern über die Art und Weise der Berichterstattung in den Schweizer Medien zu dieser Aufnahmeaktion zum Ausdruck gebracht. Seither hat das Regionalbüro des UNHCR in Zagreb zwei weitere Hilfsbegehren für die Aufnahme von 81 bzw. 31 Personen gestellt. Auch diese sind in der Zwischenzeit in die Schweiz eingereist. Seit 1992 beteiligt sich die Schweiz auch an einem gemeinsamen Programm des UNHCR und der International Organisation for Migration (IOM) zur Behandlung von Kriegsverletzten. Im Rahmen dieses Projektes sind verschiedene Anfragen eingegangen. Bisher wurden 66 Personen in schweizerischen Spitälern gepflegt. Diejenigen Personen, die nicht mehr in ihre Heimat zurückkehren konnten, wurden vorläufig aufgenommen.

5. Der Bundesrat hält auch weiterhin an seinen bereits bei Ausbruch des Krieges festgelegten flüchtlingspolitischen Grundsätzen fest, wonach der humanitären Hilfe vor Ort erste Priorität zukommt. Mit denselben Mitteln kann im Krisengebiet und in den Erstaufnahmeländern wesentlich mehr Menschen und besser geholfen werden, als dies in der Schweiz möglich wäre. Trotz der sich abzeichnenden Fortschritte bei den Friedensbemühungen sind aufgrund der Anstrengungen des IKRK zur Freilassung von Kriegsgefangenen und in Zusammenhang mit Programmen des UNHCR weitere Aufnahmegesuche zu erwarten. Soweit Aufnahmen in Drittstaaten notwendig werden, wird die Schweiz ihre bisherige Aufnahmepolitik grundsätzlich weiterverfolgen und allfällige Hilfsbegehren wohlwollend prüfen.

Der Bundesrat hat deshalb am 20. April 1994 das EJPD ermächtigt, unter den bereits bisher geltenden Bedingungen weitere 700 bosnische Kriegsopfer aufzunehmen. Dieser Beschluss war notwendig, weil das frühere Kontingent für die Jahre 1992/93 befristet war. Von diesem Kontingent wurden bis zum 20. April 1994 - nach Erfüllung sämtlicher Hilfsbegehren - 2300 Personen die Aufnahme bewilligt. Überdies wurden mittels anderer Aufnahmeaktionen oder individueller Asylverfahren seit Ausbruch des Bürgerkrieges 14 742 Personen (Stand Ende April 1994) aus dem ehemaligen Jugoslawien als Flüchtlinge anerkannt oder vorläufig aufgenommen. Für den Fall, dass sich ein zusätzlicher Bedarf abzeichnen oder eine neue Eskalation des Konflikts weitere Aufnahmen grösseren Umfangs nahelegen sollte, wird der Bundesrat einen neuen Entscheid treffen.

6. Wie bereits im Zusammenhang mit Frage 4 erläutert, hängt die vorerst abschlägige Antwort auf das Hilfsbegehren des UNHCR hauptsächlich mit den Auswirkungen der mangelnden internationalen Solidarität zusammen. Eine grössere europäische Solidarität unter den Aufnahmestaaten hat die Schweiz schon an der internationalen Konferenz über humanitäre Hilfe zugunsten der Kriegsopfer im ehemaligen Jugoslawien vom 16. Juli 1993 in Genf und erneut an der fünften Ministerkonferenz des Europarates über Migrationsfragen vom 18./19. November 1993 in Athen gefordert. Überdies kann nicht übersehen werden, dass das Bundesamt für Flüchtlinge seit Ausbruch des Konfliktes einen beachtlichen Anteil des gesamten Jahresbudgets für Fürsorgeaufwendungen an Asylbewerber, vorläufig Aufgenommene und Flüchtlinge aus dem ehemaligen Jugoslawien verwenden muss.

Die bisher von der Schweiz geleistete humanitäre Hilfe vor Ort beläuft sich auf 101 Millionen Franken. Im internationalen Vergleich schneidet unser Land sehr gut ab. Auch wenn für das staatliche Handeln im humanitären Bereich andere als finanzielle Überlegungen massgebend sein müssen, dürfen die damit verbundenen Kosten nicht verschwiegen werden.

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group/body name, function and membership type.","controls_search_hint_interests","Searches organisation name, function and parliamentary group.","controls_search_hint_votes","Searches the voting title and the affair title.","controls_search_hint_access_badges","Searches guests' name and organisation.","controls_search_hint_contributors","Searches the affair title.","controls_search_hint_speeches","Searches the speech text.","controls_sort_status","Sorted by {field}, {direction}","sort_affair_date","Affair date","sort_role","Role","sort_affair_type","Affair type","sort_affair_number","Affair number","sort_valid_from","Valid from","sort_valid_to","Valid until","sort_version","facet_latest","Latest","gender_f","Female","gender_m","Male","gender_d","Diverse","lang_de","German","lang_fr","French","lang_it","Italian","lang_rm","Romansh","lang_en","English","lang_es","Spanish","bodies_title","affairs_title","no_bodies","No institutions found.","facet_has_parliament","With parliament","sort_canton","Canton","sort_position","Order","sort_population","Population","controls_search_placeholder_bodies","Search institutions…","controls_search_hint_bodies","Searches name, canton and key.","body_population","Residents","body_seats","Seats","controls_no_results","No matches for your search.","controls_filter_search","controls_loading","Loading results…","body_section_profile","Profile","body_has_parliament","Has parliament","body_languages","Languages","body_seats_legislative","Seats (legislative)","body_executive","Executive","body_seats_executive","Seats (executive)","body_consultations","Consultations","body_elections_votings","Elections & votings","body_flag","Flag","body_key_label","Body key","body_source_lang","Source language","body_people_directory_title","All people of this institution","body_composition_title","Current composition","body_chambers_title","Chambers","body_votings_title","no_votings","No recorded votings.","controls_search_placeholder_votings","Search votings…","controls_search_hint_votings","body_affairs_title","no_affairs","No recorded affairs.","affair_untitled","Untitled affair","affair_long_title","Full title","affair_number","Number","affair_official_record","affair_external_id","External ID","affair_agenda_section","Agenda items","controls_search_placeholder_affairs","Search affairs…","controls_search_hint_affairs","Searches affair title and affair number.","sort_affair_title","facet_state","State","view_all_votings","View all votings","view_all_affairs","View all affairs","external_link","External link","docs_title","docs_loading","Searching documents…","section_docs","no_docs","No documents.","view_all_docs","View all documents","controls_search_placeholder_docs","Search documents…","controls_search_hint_docs","Searches name and category.","facet_category","Category","facet_format","Format","facet_lang","facet_case","Case sensitive","facet_word","Whole word","facet_match_on","facet_match_off","section_events","no_events","No recorded events.","view_all_events","View full timeline","controls_search_placeholder_events","Search events…","controls_search_hint_events","Searches title, actor and details.","facet_actor_type","Actor type","event_untitled","Event","texts_title","texts_loading","Searching texts…","section_texts","no_texts","No texts.","view_all_texts","View all texts","controls_search_placeholder_texts","Search texts…","controls_search_hint_texts","Searches type and body text.","sort_type","text_untitled","Text","facet_position_country","facet_position_canton","facet_position_city","City","facet_position_commune","Commune","facet_position_other","Other","votings_title","voting_result_section","voting_decision","Decision","voting_meaning_yes","A yes means","voting_meaning_no","A no means","voting_affair","voting_chart_title","How they voted","voting_chart_alt","Seat map of {count} members, coloured by {mode}. {summary}","voting_table_alt","Table of how {count} members voted, one row per member, with their party and parliamentary group.","chart_export","chart_export_title","Export chart","chart_export_failed","Export failed.","chart_exporting","Exporting…","chart_download","Download","chart_close","chart_fullscreen","Fullscreen","chart_title","chart_title_ph","Optional title","chart_subtitle","Subtitle","chart_subtitle_ph","Optional subtitle","chart_colors","Colours & labels","chart_color_for","Colour for","chart_label_for","Label for","chart_reset","chart_order","chart_output","Output","chart_format","chart_theme","Theme","chart_theme_light","Light","chart_theme_dark","Dark","chart_size","Size","chart_options","Options","chart_show_legend","Show legend","chart_transparent","Transparent background","chart_interactive","Interactive","chart_credits","Credit","voting_chart_no_votes","No votes recorded.","voting_chart_seats","seats","voting_chart_no_seatmap","No seat data available.","voting_chart_col_person","Person","voting_chart_col_party","voting_chart_col_group","voting_chart_col_vote","voting_chart_by_party","Vote by party","voting_chart_by_party_seats","Seats by party","voting_chart_colour_by","Colour seats by","voting_chart_majority","Majority","voting_chart_edit","Edit & export","voting_chart_seat_note","Seat positions are illustrative, not the real chamber layout. Open the editor to rearrange the colours, labels and order, and export.","speeches_title","speeches_loading","Searching speeches…","speech_person","Speaker","speech_body","Institution","speech_affair","speech_meeting","groups_title","no_groups","No groups found.","group_untitled","Untitled group","section_meetings","no_meetings","No recorded meetings.","view_all_meetings","View all meetings","meetings_title","meeting_untitled","meeting_upcoming","Upcoming","facet_time","When","facet_upcoming","facet_past","Past","group_abbreviation","Abbreviation","group_description","Description","group_official_record","Official page","group_contact","member_unknown","section_votings","interests_title","interest_details","Details","interest_person","Declared by","interest_body","Granting body","interest_role","interest_type","interest_group","interest_place","Place","interest_period","Period","meeting_details","meeting_type","meeting_state","meeting_number","meeting_location","Location","meeting_period","meeting_group","meeting_body","group_type","description","controls_search_placeholder_meetings","Search meetings …","controls_search_hint_meetings","Name, location or description","section_agendas","no_agendas","No agenda items.","view_all_agendas","View all agenda items","agenda_untitled","speech_speaker_unknown","video","doc_untitled","Document","doc_body","doc_affair","doc_meeting","doc_agenda","section_contributors","Contributors","no_contributors","No contributors.","view_all_contributors","View all contributors","sort_number","topics_title","Most-used words","topics_intro","The words this person uses most across their speeches, with common filler words removed. Tile size shows how often a word is used.","topics_all_time","All time","topics_last_4y","Last 4 years","topics_last_8y","Last 8 years","topics_from","topics_to","topics_speeches","speeches","topics_words","words (filtered)","topics_distinct","distinct words","topics_uses","uses","topics_alt","Treemap of the {count} most-used words, sized by how often each is used. {ctx}","topics_table_alt","Table of the {count} most-used words and how often each is used. {ctx}","topics_table_toggle","Show as table","topics_table_word","Word","topics_empty","No speeches with usable text in this period. Try widening the range.","loyalty_title","Party loyalty","loyalty_subtitle","Share of a member's votes cast against their group's majority line (higher = more independent). Abstentions count as a position.","loyalty_axis","Dissent rate: share of votes against own group","loyalty_dissent","dissent","loyalty_ballots","votes","loyalty_empty","No votes in this period meet the thresholds for a loyalty score. Widen the range.","loyalty_chart_alt","Beeswarm plot of the dissent rate of {count} members, one dot per member, coloured by party. {ctx}","loyalty_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their votes, dissents and dissent rate. {ctx}","loyalty_col_member","loyalty_col_party","loyalty_col_group","loyalty_col_ballots","loyalty_col_dissents","Against","loyalty_col_rate","Dissent","loyalty_from","loyalty_to","loyalty_scale","Scale","loyalty_scale_log","Log","loyalty_scale_linear","Linear","loyalty_filters","Filters","cohesion_title","Group cohesion","cohesion_hint","mean Agreement Index (1 = unanimous)","section_alignment","Voting alignment","no_alignment","Not enough shared votes to compare.","view_all_alignment","View full alignment","alignment_agreed_of_shared","agreed on {agreed} of {shared} shared votes","sort_agreement","Agreement","sort_shared","Shared votes","facet_min_shared","Min. shared","min_shared_10","≥ 10","min_shared_20","≥ 20","min_shared_50","≥ 50","min_shared_100","≥ 100","section_body_alignment","body_alignment_subtitle","How members of this chamber vote relative to one another, from the votes they have in common. In the map, members who vote alike sit close together and opponents far apart. Colours are parties, so blocs and coalitions show up as clusters. The grid gives the average agreement between each pair of parties (the diagonal is each party's own internal cohesion).","alignment_from","alignment_to","alignment_view","View","alignment_view_scatter","Map","alignment_view_heatmap","Party grid","alignment_empty","Not enough votes in this window to build the model.","alignment_window_note","Most meaningful within a single legislative period: the model compares members from the votes they have in common. If the window spans an election or a change in composition, members with different terms barely overlap and positions become less comparable.","alignment_no_parties","No party groups to compare in this window.","alignment_scatter_alt","Scatter plot of {count} members placed by how similarly they voted, coloured by party. {ctx}","alignment_pairs","pairs","alignment_heatmap_note","Each cell is the average agreement between members of the two parties (diagonal = a party's internal cohesion). ± is the 95% confidence range and n the number of member-pairs behind it. A small range over many pairs means the alignment is well-established; a wide range means it's only suggestive.","alignment_heatmap_alt","Grid of the average voting agreement between {count} parties. {ctx}","alignment_members_heading","Members","alignment_members_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their agreement with the chamber and with their own party. {ctx}","alignment_col_member","alignment_col_party","alignment_col_votes","alignment_col_chamber","Aligns with chamber","alignment_col_party_align","Within party","alignment_zoom_in","Zoom in","alignment_zoom_out","Zoom out","alignment_zoom_reset","Reset zoom","alignment_filters","section_lobby","Lobby network","lobby_subtitle","The organizations members of this chamber declare in their register of interests, and where those ties overlap. In the network, members are dots (coloured by party) and organizations shared by two or more members are squares. Members who share the same organizations pull together. The breakdown shows how many mandates are paid versus unpaid, and who holds the most.","lobby_empty","No declared interests for this chamber in this window.","lobby_no_shared","No organizations are shared by two or more members here. See the breakdown.","lobby_network_alt","Network graph of {members} members and the {orgs} organizations they share, linked by declared interests. {ctx}","lobby_mandates","mandates","lobby_members_tied","members","lobby_unknown","Unknown","lobby_org_node","Organization","lobby_payment_heading","Paid vs unpaid mandates","lobby_top_orgs","Most-shared organizations","lobby_top_members","Members by mandates","discussion_title","Speech profiles","discussion_intro","Where members sit on a latent axis derived purely from the words they use in their speeches (Wordfish scaling).","discussion_calculating","Scaling speeches…","lobby_calculating","Computing lobby network…","discussion_error","The speech scaling could not be computed.","discussion_converged","Model converged","discussion_not_converged","Model did not fully converge. Read positions with extra caution.","discussion_members_scored","Members scored","discussion_vocab","Vocabulary","discussion_window","Window","discussion_show_all","discussion_show_reliable","Reliable only","discussion_methodology","How this is computed","discussion_range_label","Time range","discussion_range_1y","1 year","discussion_range_2y","2 years","discussion_range_4y","4 years","discussion_range_8y","8 years","discussion_plot_alt","Beeswarm plot of {count} members placed along a word-choice axis, one dot per member. {ctx}","discussion_plot_caption","Each dot is one member, placed by the words they use in their speeches. Members who reach for the same distinctive words sit close together; members who talk very differently sit far apart. So a member's spot isn't assigned by us; it comes out of how they actually speak. For example, someone who keeps saying “tax”, “budget” and “spending” lands far from someone who mostly says “asylum”, “border” and “integration”. Hover any dot for its details. Filled dots have enough speech to place reliably; hollow rings spoke too little, so read their position with caution.","discussion_empty","No speeches are available for this parliament, so its members can't be placed on the axis. This scaling reads the words members actually speak, and the data set only holds speech transcripts for a few parliaments: the federal chambers and a handful of cantons such as Bern, Basel-Stadt or St. Gallen. You can also try a longer time range above.","discussion_empty_sparse","There is too little speech transcript text for this parliament to place its members on the axis. Try a longer time range above.","discussion_pole_a","One pole","discussion_pole_b","Other pole","discussion_col_party","discussion_key_filled","Enough text (reliable)","discussion_key_ring","Below the word floor (low confidence)","discussion_align_title","Does the axis track party?","discussion_align_hint","How much of the spread in positions is explained by party membership (η²): 100% = parties are perfectly separated, ~0% = party tells you nothing.","discussion_align_strong","parties are clearly separated","discussion_align_moderate","parties are partly separated","discussion_align_weak","party barely explains the axis","discussion_poles_title","What the axis is made of","discussion_poles_hint","The words that most pull members towards each pole. The axis only means something once you read these. Its direction is arbitrary.","discussion_no_party","No party","discussion_col_name","discussion_col_position","Position","discussion_col_words","Words","discussion_col_speeches","discussion_low_confidence","low confidence","discussion_table_title","discussion_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their position on the word-choice axis. {ctx}","discussion_read_title","How to read this","discussion_read_direction","The axis direction is arbitrary: Wordfish finds the split, not which side is “left” or “right”. Read the word poles to see what each side means.","discussion_read_uncertainty","Positions are standardized, so the spread is a convention, not a real distance. Wider error bars (and hollow dots) mean less certainty, so don't over-read those members.","discussion_read_confound","Speech style reflects role as much as ideology: committee chairs, ministers and frequent speakers can land at a pole because of what they do, not only what they believe.","organizations_title","organizations_none","No organizations.","org_members","org_mandates","org_bodies","org_members_heading","org_members_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their party, body, role, payment and period. {ctx}","org_no_members","No members.","org_col_member","org_col_party","org_col_body","org_col_role","org_col_payment","Payment","org_col_period","sort_members","sort_mandates","Mandates","interest_unknown","lobby_panel_person","Declared organizations","lobby_panel_org","Members with this mandate","lobby_table_heading","Who is tied to what","lobby_table_explain","The full matrix marks every member against every shared organization: one dot per declared tie, the exhaustive view of who is tied to what.","lobby_table_large","For this chamber that is","lobby_table_cells","cells","lobby_table_show","Show table","lobby_table_alt","Table marking each of {count} members against the {orgs} organizations they are tied to, one dot per declared tie. {ctx}","lobby_select_hint","Select a member or organization to see its ties.","lobby_filters","lobby_error","The lobby network could not be computed.","lobby_clear_selection","Clear selection","close","not_found_person","Person not found","not_found_body","Parliament not found","not_found_affair","Affair not found","not_found_group","Committee or group not found","not_found_voting","Voting not found","not_found_meeting","Meeting not found","not_found_interest","Interest not found","not_found_organization","Organization not found","not_found_text","Text not found","not_found_doc","Document not found","not_found_speech","Speech not found","not_found_hint","There is no entry with the ID {id}. It may have been removed, or the link may be outdated.","not_found_back","Back to the overview","about","About","faq","FAQ","section_title","section_title_bodies","section_title_affairs","section_title_votings","section_title_texts","section_title_docs","section_subtitle_search","section_subtitle_discussion",{"_1589":1590,"_1606":772,"_1607":1608,"_1609":1610,"_1611":959,"_1290":532,"_1264":332,"_107":536,"_1612":539,"_1595":342,"_1613":1614,"_1615":743,"_1397":292,"_104":302,"_1592":444,"_109":312,"_19":542,"_111":322,"_1616":1069,"_1617":1203,"_1618":1239,"_1619":1203,"_1620":1621,"_1622":1203,"_1623":1624,"_1625":532,"_1626":711,"_1627":1203,"_1628":1610,"_1629":536,"_1596":411,"_1630":1631,"_1202":1203,"_1632":649,"_1215":1203,"_102":547,"_1633":1425,"_1634":1282,"_1635":1320,"_1636":1614,"_1637":1409,"_1597":352,"_1638":1401,"_1639":1203},"section_switcher",{"_1587":1588,"_1589":1590,"_1591":292,"_100":488,"_104":302,"_1592":444,"_1593":378,"_1264":332,"_111":322,"_1594":312,"_1595":342,"_1596":411,"_1597":352,"_1598":1599,"_1600":1601,"_1602":1603,"_1604":1605},"section_title_speeches","section_title_groups","section_title_interests","section_title_meetings","section_title_organizations","label_section","Section","home","Home","people","affairs","groups","documents","interests","meetings","organizations","group_parliament","Actors","group_proceedings","Proceedings","group_records","Records","group_lobbying","Lobbying","search","eyebrow","Data on {{name}}","overview","Overview","personal_data","memberships","access_badges","Lobby","images","texts_overview","text_details","docs_overview","doc_details","votings_overview","Voting","voting_details","voting_diagram","Diagram","voting_tally","speeches_overview","speech_details","groups_overview","contributions","interests_overview","Interest","meetings_overview","vocabulary","loyalty","alignment","lobby","discussion","organizations_overview","org_details",{"_1697":1698,"_1699":1700,"_1641":1701,"_243":1702},"intro",{"_1643":1644,"_1645":1646,"_1647":1648,"_1649":1650,"_1651":1652,"_1653":1654,"_1655":1656},"en",{"_1657":1692,"_1659":1693,"_1661":1694,"_1663":1695,"_1665":1696},"de",{"_1657":1687,"_1659":1688,"_1661":1689,"_1663":1690,"_1665":1691},"fr",{"_1657":1682,"_1659":1683,"_1661":1684,"_1663":1685,"_1665":1686},"it",{"_1657":1677,"_1659":1678,"_1661":1679,"_1663":1680,"_1665":1681},"es",{"_1657":1672,"_1659":1673,"_1661":1674,"_1663":1675,"_1665":1676},"pt",{"_1657":1667,"_1659":1668,"_1661":1669,"_1663":1670,"_1665":1671},"rm",{"_1657":1658,"_1659":1660,"_1661":1662,"_1663":1664,"_1665":1666},"cookie","Nus duvrain mo cookies essenzials e funcziunals. Nagina analitica, nagin tracking.","dataLang","La Svizra ha quatter linguas naziunalas, e questas datas datti en pliras da quellas. Intgins records èn plurilings, auters mo en ina lingua. Vus pudais tscherner en tge lingua ch'il cuntegn vegn mussà; sche vossa tscherna n'è betg disponibla per in record, vegnan duvradas las autras linguas en in urden da prioritad fix. Quai è independent da la lingua da l'interfatscha. As lascha reglar sut Configuraziuns › Lingua dal cuntegn (sura a dretga).","alt","Questa pagina è era disponibla per rumantsch.","switch","Mussar per rumantsch","dismiss","Betg pli mussar","Utilizamos apenas cookies essenciais e funcionais. Sem análises, sem rastreio.","A Suíça tem quatro línguas nacionais, e estes dados existem em várias delas. Alguns registos estão em várias línguas, outros apenas numa. Pode escolher em que idioma os conteúdos são apresentados; quando a sua escolha não está disponível para um registo, as restantes línguas são usadas por uma ordem de prioridade fixa. Isto é independente do idioma da interface. Configure em Definições › Idioma dos conteúdos (canto superior direito).","Esta página também está disponível em português.","Ver em português","Não mostrar novamente","Solo utilizamos cookies esenciales y funcionales. Sin análisis, sin seguimiento.","Suiza tiene cuatro lenguas nacionales, y estos datos existen en varias de ellas. Algunos registros están en varias lenguas, otros en una sola. Puede elegir en qué idioma se muestra el contenido; cuando su elección no está disponible para un registro, se utilizan las demás lenguas en un orden de prioridad fijo. Esto es independiente del idioma de la interfaz. Configúrelo en Ajustes › Idioma del contenido (arriba a la derecha).","Esta página también está disponible en español.","Ver en español","No volver a mostrar","Utilizziamo solo cookie essenziali e funzionali. Nessuna analisi, nessun tracciamento.","La Svizzera ha quattro lingue nazionali e questi dati esistono in diverse di esse. Alcune voci sono in più lingue, altre in una sola. Puoi scegliere in quale lingua mostrare i contenuti; se la tua scelta non è disponibile per una voce, vengono usate le altre lingue secondo un ordine di priorità prestabilito. Questo è indipendente dalla lingua dell'interfaccia. Impostabile in Impostazioni › Lingua del contenuto (in alto a destra).","Questa pagina è disponibile anche in italiano.","Vedi in italiano","Non mostrare più","Nous utilisons uniquement des cookies essentiels et fonctionnels. Aucune analyse, aucun suivi.","La Suisse a quatre langues nationales, et ces données existent dans plusieurs d'entre elles. Certaines entrées sont en plusieurs langues, d'autres dans une seule. Vous pouvez choisir la langue d'affichage du contenu ; si votre choix n'est pas disponible pour une entrée, les autres langues sont utilisées selon un ordre de priorité défini. Ceci est indépendant de la langue de l'interface. Réglable dans Paramètres › Langue du contenu (en haut à droite).","Cette page est aussi disponible en français.","Voir en français","Ne plus afficher","Wir verwenden nur essenzielle, funktionale Cookies. Keine Analyse, kein Tracking.","Die Schweiz hat vier Landessprachen, und diese Daten liegen in mehreren davon vor. Manche Einträge sind mehrsprachig, andere nur in einer Sprache. Sie können wählen, in welcher Sprache die Inhalte angezeigt werden; ist Ihre Wahl für einen Eintrag nicht verfügbar, werden die übrigen Sprachen in einer festen Prioritätsreihenfolge verwendet. Dies ist unabhängig von der Oberflächensprache. Einstellbar unter Einstellungen › Inhaltssprache (oben rechts).","Diese Seite ist auch auf Deutsch verfügbar.","Auf Deutsch anzeigen","Nicht mehr anzeigen","We use only essential, functional cookies. No analytics, no tracking.","Switzerland has four national languages, and this data comes in several of them. Some records are in multiple languages, some in only one. You can choose which language the content is shown in; when your choice isn't available for a record, the remaining languages are used in a set priority order. This is independent of the interface language. Set it under Settings › Content language (top right).","This page is also available in English.","View in English","Don't show again","settings",{"_1765":1766,"_1767":1768,"_1769":1124,"_1770":1771,"_1772":1126,"_1773":1128,"_1774":1775,"_1776":1777,"_1778":1779,"_1780":1781,"_1782":1783,"_597":598,"_1784":1785,"_1786":1787,"_1788":1789,"_1790":1791,"_1792":1793},"nav",{"_1589":1711,"_1712":1713,"_1714":647,"_1715":1716,"_1717":1718,"_1598":1599,"_1600":1601,"_1602":1603,"_1604":1605,"_1591":292,"_100":488,"_1593":378,"_1592":444,"_104":302,"_1596":411,"_1264":332,"_111":322,"_1594":312,"_1595":342,"_1597":352,"_1719":1704,"_1720":1721,"_1567":1568,"_1722":1723,"_1569":1570,"_1724":1725,"_1726":1727,"_1728":1729,"_1730":1731,"_1732":1733,"_1734":1735,"_1736":1737,"_1738":1739,"_1740":1741,"_1742":1743,"_1744":1745,"_1746":1747,"_1748":1749,"_1750":1751,"_1752":1753,"_1754":1755,"_1756":1757,"_1758":1708,"_1759":1760,"_1761":1762,"_1763":1764},{"_1657":1692,"_1659":1693,"_1661":1694,"_1663":1695,"_1665":1696},{"_1703":1704,"_1705":1706,"_1707":1708,"_1709":1710},"project.title","Project","project.desc","About parlhub: what the portal is, answers to common questions, and how the data fits together.","experiments.title","Experiments","experiments.desc","Experimental analyses and methodology showcases on parlhub, including the Wordfish scaling of parliaments from their speeches.","parlhub home","skip_to_content","Skip to main content","explore","start","Start here","start_desc","Quicklinks to chambers, cantons and communes","project","project_desc","The project at a glance","about_desc","What parlhub is and who is behind it","faq_desc","Answers to common questions","sustainability","Sustainability","sustainability_desc","How parlhub is hosted and what it costs the planet","accessibility","Accessibility","accessibility_desc","What works, what doesn't, and how to report a barrier","traffic_stats","Traffic statistics","traffic_stats_desc","Which parts of the site get requested, and by whom","imprint","Imprint","imprint_desc","Who runs parlhub, contact, and the licenses","github","GitHub","github_desc","The project's source code on GitHub","data_guide","Data guide","data_guide_desc","Every kind of data, in plain terms, with examples","data_map","Data map","data_map_desc","How the data fits together, at a glance","methodology","Methodology","methodology_desc","How each figure is calculated, with links to the code","experiments","experiments_desc","Experimental analyses and methodology write-ups","wordfish","Wordfish scaling","wordfish_desc","Placing members on an axis by the words in their speeches","menu_label","Settings","appearance","Appearance","theme","theme_system","System","theme_light","theme_dark","font_size","Font size","font_size_decrease","Decrease font size","font_size_increase","Increase font size","high_contrast","High contrast","grayscale","Grayscale","interface_language","Interface","content_language","Content language","content_language_auto","Auto (follow interface)","content_language_note","Language of the displayed data (names, titles, texts). Independent of the interface; when a record isn't available, the next language is used.","content_language_priority","Priority",{"_1769":1795,"_1774":1796,"_1797":68,"_1798":54,"_1799":54,"_1800":68,"_1801":-5},"system",100,"show_cookie_consent_message","ui_high_contrast","ui_grayscale","msg_lang_hint","content_lang"]