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Die Eidgenössische Kommission für die Sicherheit von Kernanlagen (KSA) hat in ihrer Stellungnahme zur unbefristeten Betriebsbewilligung (Gesuch) für das Kernkraftwerk Mühleberg (KKM) einige schwerwiegende Vorbehalte angebracht und Empfehlungen aufgestellt. Wir bitten den Bundesrat um eine Stellungnahme zu diesen Vorbehalten und Empfehlungen der KSA.

1. Vermehrte Radioaktivität bei Leistungserhöhung

\"Die erhöhte Leistung hat auch radiologische Auswirkungen in Form erhöhter Dosisleistungen innerhalb und ausserhalb der Anlage und grösserer Aktivitätsabgaben an die Umwelt. Die höhere mittlere Leistung des Reaktorkerns könnte die Wahrscheinlichkeit von Brennelementschäden im Betrieb und bei Störfällen erhöhen.\" (KSA-Gutachten, S. 6--4)

Frage: Wie kann der Bundesrat eine Leistungserhöhung im zwanzigjährigen Altreaktor im Kernkraftwerk Mühleberg nach dieser Aussage der KSA verantworten?

2. Gefährdung des Personals

\"Die Strahlenbelastung des Personals in den KKW hat den Sicherheitsbehörden in den letzten Jahren ständige Sorge bereitet. Die Neubeurteilung der Risikofaktoren bestärkt gegenwärtig diese Besorgnis. Im Falle des KKM ist die Situation problematisch infolge der hohen Dosisleistungen im Drywell. Diese dürften bei einer Leistungserhöhung noch ansteigen. Die fortschreitende Alterung kann zudem zu vermehrten strahlenintensiven Arbeiten führen.\" (S. 4--6)

\"Beim KKM wird die Einhaltung von reduzierten Grenz- und Dichtwerten (für das Personal) besondere Anstrengungen erfordern.\" (S. 5--16)

Frage: Welche speziellen Massnahmen schreibt der Bundesrat zum Schutz des Personals vor? Wird er aufgrund der KSA-Empfehlung eine Reduktion der Dosen für das Personal durchsetzen?

3. Behandlung der Pannenabfälle

\"Der Rest der Mischabfälle und die übrigen Filter, welche infolge des Vorkommnisses (Haarrisse) im Jahre 1986 stark kontaminiert sind, sowie die Harze und Schlämme können wegen Überschreitung der Dosislimiten in Mol nicht verarbeitet werden. Im Moment laufen weitere Abklärungen zur Lösung dieses Problems.\" (S. 4--18)

Frage: Welche Lösung zur Behandlung der Pannenabfälle sind vorgesehen?

4. Sicherung von Anlageteilen

\"Das Maschinenhaus eines KKW wird nicht gegen die Einwirkungen von aussen geschützt. Aus diesem Grunde - und auch weil das Gebäude einige potentiell sehr grosse Gefahrenquellen beinhaltet - entspricht es der neueren Praxis, keine für die nukleare Sicherheit wichtigen Anlageteile im Gebäude unterzubringen. Dies ist aber beim KKM nicht durchwegs der Fall.\" (S. 5--8)

Frage: Wie beurteilt der Bundesrat die Verletzlichkeit der Anlageteile? Welche Massnahmen leitet er daraus ab?

5. Prüfung von Schweissnähten

\"Die KSA empfiehlt, dass der Betreiber auch an den bisher nicht prüfbaren Schweissnähten, insbesondere an den zwei Rundnähten im Kernbereich, periodisch zerstörungsfreie Prüfungen vornimmt und interpretiert. Hier zeichnen sich neue Entwicklungen ab, indem mit fortgeschrittenen Manipulatoren auch bisher nicht zugängliche Stellen geprüft werden können.\" (S. 5--11)

Frage: Wird der Bundesrat die periodische Prüfung der Schweissnähte anordnen? Wird er die Durchführung der Überprüfung periodisch kontrollieren?

6. Unterhaltsarbeiten

\"Mit zunehmendem Alter der Anlage müssen gegebenenfalls aus Sicherheitsgründen auch gewisse Prüf- und Unterhaltsarbeiten intensiviert werden.\" (S. 5--16)

Frage: Welche Prüf- und Unterhaltsarbeiten werden dem KKM in Zukunft zusätzlich auferlegt? Hält der Bundesrat die Gefahr neuer, alterungsbedingter Haarrisse für tragbar?

7. Weitere Verbesserungen

\"Es werden noch weitere Verbesserungen, beispielsweise zum Schutze redundanter Ausrüstungen im Reaktorgebäude gegen die Gefahr eines gleichzeitigen Ausfalls durch Brand oder Überflutung, oder die Erweiterung des Umfangs der Wiederholungsprüfungen am Reaktordruckbehälter empfohlen.\" (S. 5--17)

Frage: Wird der Bundesrat diesen verbesserten Schutz redundanter Ausrüstungen im Reaktorgebäude tatsächlich fordern?

8. Überwachung der Alterung

\"Die HSK empfiehlt, in Ergänzung zu den bestehenden Programmen für wiederkehrende Prüfungen, die Abwicklung eines Alterungs-Überwachungsprogramms zur Auflage zu machen.\" (S. 5--18)

Frage: Wird der Bundesrat die Alterung überwachen lassen? Welche speziellen Überwachungsmassnahmen wird er anordnen?

9. Schutz Kommandoraum

\"Beim KKM sind gegenwärtig weder eine Steuerstelle (Hauptkommandoraum oder Susan-Kommandoraum) noch ein Notfallraum entsprechend den neuen behördlichen Anforderungen geschützt.\" (S. 7--18)

Frage: Gedenkt der Bundesrat, das KKM zur entsprechenden Ausrüstung der Steuerstellen entsprechend den neuen behördlichen Anforderungen zu verpflichten?

10. Notfallkonzept

\"Die KSA kommt zum Schluss, dass der Notfallschutz für die Bevölkerung in der Umgebung des KKM entsprechend den behördlichen Anforderungen vorbereitet ist. Die KSA kann sich aber vorstellen, dass die konkrete Durchführung von Notfallschutzmassnahmen in einer Agglomeration der Grösse Berns mit einer entsprechenden Anhäufung von sensitiven Betrieben besondere Probleme aufwerfen würde.\" (S. 7--20)

Frage: Hält der Bundesrat das Notfallschutzkonzept für den Fall eines Unfalls im KKM für ausreichend? Ist das Konzept der \"vertikalen Evakuation\" (Flucht in die Keller) überhaupt geeignet?

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Die Eidgenössische Kommission für die Sicherheit von Kernanlagen (KSA) kommt in ihrer Stellungnahme vom Dezember 1991 zum Gesuch der BKW zu folgenden Schlussfolgerungen:

\"Die Beurteilung der bisherigen Betriebsführung und des aktuellen Sicherheitsstandes des Kernkraftwerks Mühleberg hat ein insgesamt positives Bild ergeben. Durch umfangreiches Nachrüsten hat der Betreiber seine Anlage weitgehend dem aktuellen und international anerkannten Stand der Technik angeglichen. Dieses Nachrüsten ist allerdings in einzelnen Punkten noch nicht abgeschlossen; auch in Zukunft ist mit weiteren Anpassungen zu rechnen .... Gestützt auf ihre eingehende Beurteilung und unter Berücksichtigung der empfohlenen Auflagen sieht die KSA deshalb keine Gründe, welche gegen die Erteilung einer unbefristeten Betriebsbewilligung für das Kernkraftwerk Mühleberg sprechen.

Auch bei der um 10 Prozent auf 1097 MW erhöhten Reaktorleistung werden die bisher geltenden quantitativen Sicherheitsgrenzwerte nach wie vor eingehalten und auch keine Erfahrungswerte verletzt, so dass die Anlage auch bei dieser Leistung die Bestimmungen des Atomgesetzes erfüllt. Von diesem Gesichtspunkt aus gibt es somit nach Auffassung der KSA keine Gründe, weshalb die beantragte Leistungserhöhung verweigert werden müsste. Weil aber die Leistungserhöhung inhärent zu einer - im vorliegenden Fall leicht überproportionalen - Zunahme der Dosen und des Risikos führt, ist es auch für Fachleute eine Ermessensfrage, ob ihr auch zugestimmt werden sollte; darüber sind auch in der KSA die Meinungen geteilt.

Die Mehrzahl der von der HSK in ihrem Gutachten empfohlenen Auflagen betreffen Themen, welche die KSA in der vorliegenden Stellungnahme eingehend behandelt hat; sie ist dabei zu ähnlichen Schlussfolgerungen gekommen wie die HSK. Weil damit auch die Belange der KSA ausreichend gedeckt sind, verzichtet sie auf die Empfehlung zusätzlicher Auflagen.\"

Gestützt auf das umfassende Gutachten der Hauptabteilung für die Sicherheit der Kernanlagen (HSK) und die zitierte Stellungnahme der KSA hat der Bundesrat den BKW am 14. Dezember 1992 die Bewilligung für den weiteren Betrieb des Kernkraftwerkes Mühleberg erteilt. Die Bewilligung ist bis 31. Dezember 2002 befristet und sieht eine Leistungserhöhung von 997 auf 1097 MW vor. Sie enthält verschiedene von der HSK und der KSA vorgeschlagene Bedingungen und Auflagen. Gleichzeitig wurden die BKW verpflichtet, im Hinblick auf den Fristablauf Alternativen zu evaluieren und innert einer vom Eidgenössischen Verkehrs- und Energiewirtschaftsdepartement festzulegenden Frist zu unterbreiten. Die mit der Leistungserhöhung zusammenhängende geringfügige Zunahme des Risikos wird nach Beurteilung der HSK durch die verschiedenen Nachrüstungen mindestens kompensiert. Für Einzelheiten verweisen wir auf den Entscheid des Bundesrates vom 14. Dezember 1992.

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options","sort_begin_date","Start","sort_end_date","End","sort_name","Name","facet_all","All","facet_yes","facet_no","facet_payment","Compensation","facet_body","facet_date_from","From","facet_date_to","To","sort_voting_date","Date","sort_voting_title","Title","facet_vote","Vote","vote_yes","vote_no","vote_abstention","Abstention","sort_date_start","Speech date","sort_date_end","End date","facet_has_video","With video","sort_begin","sort_end","sort_group_name","sort_active","facet_type","Type","facet_active","facet_party","facet_group","facet_gender","facet_chamber","Chamber","chamber_both","Both","facet_deceased","Deceased","sort_firstname","First name","people_title","no_people","No people found.","controls_per_page","Per page","facet_country","Country","facet_electoral_district","country_che","Switzerland","country_lie","Liechtenstein","also_active_in","controls_search_placeholder_people","Search people…","controls_search_placeholder_alignment","Search members…","controls_search_placeholder_memberships","Search memberships…","controls_search_placeholder_interests","Search interests…","controls_search_placeholder_organizations","Search organizations…","controls_search_placeholder_votes","Search votes…","controls_search_placeholder_access_badges","Search access badges…","controls_search_placeholder_contributors","Search contributions…","controls_search_placeholder_speeches","Search speeches…","controls_search_hint_people","Searches names, place and postcode.","controls_search_hint_groups","Searches name, abbreviation and description.","controls_search_placeholder_groups","Search committees & groups…","controls_search_hint_organizations","Searches the organization name.","controls_search_hint_agendas","Searches title, description, number and category.","controls_search_placeholder_agendas","Search agenda items…","controls_search_hint_alignment","Searches the name of the compared member.","controls_search_hint_memberships","Searches group/body name, function and membership type.","controls_search_hint_interests","Searches organisation name, function and parliamentary group.","controls_search_hint_votes","Searches the voting title and the affair title.","controls_search_hint_access_badges","Searches guests' name and organisation.","controls_search_hint_contributors","Searches the affair title.","controls_search_hint_speeches","Searches the speech text.","controls_sort_status","Sorted by {field}, {direction}","sort_affair_date","Affair date","sort_role","Role","sort_affair_type","Affair type","sort_affair_number","Affair number","sort_valid_from","Valid from","sort_valid_to","Valid until","sort_version","facet_latest","Latest","gender_f","Female","gender_m","Male","gender_d","Diverse","lang_de","German","lang_fr","French","lang_it","Italian","lang_rm","Romansh","lang_en","English","lang_es","Spanish","bodies_title","affairs_title","no_bodies","No institutions found.","facet_has_parliament","With parliament","sort_canton","Canton","sort_position","Order","sort_population","Population","controls_search_placeholder_bodies","Search institutions…","controls_search_hint_bodies","Searches name, canton and key.","body_population","Residents","body_seats","Seats","controls_no_results","No matches for your search.","controls_filter_search","controls_loading","Loading results…","body_section_profile","Profile","body_has_parliament","Has parliament","body_languages","Languages","body_seats_legislative","Seats (legislative)","body_executive","Executive","body_seats_executive","Seats (executive)","body_consultations","Consultations","body_elections_votings","Elections & votings","body_flag","Flag","body_key_label","Body key","body_source_lang","Source language","body_people_directory_title","All people of this institution","body_composition_title","Current composition","body_chambers_title","Chambers","body_votings_title","no_votings","No recorded votings.","controls_search_placeholder_votings","Search votings…","controls_search_hint_votings","body_affairs_title","no_affairs","No recorded affairs.","affair_untitled","Untitled affair","affair_long_title","Full title","affair_number","Number","affair_official_record","affair_external_id","External ID","affair_agenda_section","Agenda items","controls_search_placeholder_affairs","Search affairs…","controls_search_hint_affairs","Searches affair title and affair number.","sort_affair_title","facet_state","State","view_all_votings","View all votings","view_all_affairs","View all affairs","external_link","External link","docs_title","docs_loading","Searching documents…","section_docs","no_docs","No documents.","view_all_docs","View all documents","controls_search_placeholder_docs","Search documents…","controls_search_hint_docs","Searches name and category.","facet_category","Category","facet_format","Format","facet_lang","facet_case","Case sensitive","facet_word","Whole word","facet_match_on","facet_match_off","section_events","no_events","No recorded events.","view_all_events","View full timeline","controls_search_placeholder_events","Search events…","controls_search_hint_events","Searches title, actor and details.","facet_actor_type","Actor type","event_untitled","Event","texts_title","texts_loading","Searching texts…","section_texts","no_texts","No texts.","view_all_texts","View all texts","controls_search_placeholder_texts","Search texts…","controls_search_hint_texts","Searches type and body text.","sort_type","text_untitled","Text","facet_position_country","facet_position_canton","facet_position_city","City","facet_position_commune","Commune","facet_position_other","Other","votings_title","voting_result_section","voting_decision","Decision","voting_meaning_yes","A yes means","voting_meaning_no","A no means","voting_affair","voting_chart_title","How they voted","voting_chart_alt","Seat map of {count} members, coloured by {mode}. {summary}","voting_table_alt","Table of how {count} members voted, one row per member, with their party and parliamentary group.","chart_export","chart_export_title","Export chart","chart_export_failed","Export failed.","chart_exporting","Exporting…","chart_download","Download","chart_close","chart_fullscreen","Fullscreen","chart_title","chart_title_ph","Optional title","chart_subtitle","Subtitle","chart_subtitle_ph","Optional subtitle","chart_colors","Colours & labels","chart_color_for","Colour for","chart_label_for","Label for","chart_reset","chart_order","chart_output","Output","chart_format","chart_theme","Theme","chart_theme_light","Light","chart_theme_dark","Dark","chart_size","Size","chart_options","Options","chart_show_legend","Show legend","chart_transparent","Transparent background","chart_interactive","Interactive","chart_credits","Credit","voting_chart_no_votes","No votes recorded.","voting_chart_seats","seats","voting_chart_no_seatmap","No seat data available.","voting_chart_col_person","Person","voting_chart_col_party","voting_chart_col_group","voting_chart_col_vote","voting_chart_by_party","Vote by party","voting_chart_by_party_seats","Seats by party","voting_chart_colour_by","Colour seats by","voting_chart_majority","Majority","voting_chart_edit","Edit & export","voting_chart_seat_note","Seat positions are illustrative, not the real chamber layout. Open the editor to rearrange the colours, labels and order, and export.","speeches_title","speeches_loading","Searching speeches…","speech_person","Speaker","speech_body","Institution","speech_affair","speech_meeting","groups_title","no_groups","No groups found.","group_untitled","Untitled group","section_meetings","no_meetings","No recorded meetings.","view_all_meetings","View all meetings","meetings_title","meeting_untitled","meeting_upcoming","Upcoming","facet_time","When","facet_upcoming","facet_past","Past","group_abbreviation","Abbreviation","group_description","Description","group_official_record","Official page","group_contact","member_unknown","section_votings","interests_title","interest_details","Details","interest_person","Declared by","interest_body","Granting body","interest_role","interest_type","interest_group","interest_place","Place","interest_period","Period","meeting_details","meeting_type","meeting_state","meeting_number","meeting_location","Location","meeting_period","meeting_group","meeting_body","group_type","description","controls_search_placeholder_meetings","Search meetings …","controls_search_hint_meetings","Name, location or description","section_agendas","no_agendas","No agenda items.","view_all_agendas","View all agenda items","agenda_untitled","speech_speaker_unknown","video","doc_untitled","Document","doc_body","doc_affair","doc_meeting","doc_agenda","section_contributors","Contributors","no_contributors","No contributors.","view_all_contributors","View all contributors","sort_number","topics_title","Most-used words","topics_intro","The words this person uses most across their speeches, with common filler words removed. Tile size shows how often a word is used.","topics_all_time","All time","topics_last_4y","Last 4 years","topics_last_8y","Last 8 years","topics_from","topics_to","topics_speeches","topics_words","words (filtered)","topics_distinct","distinct words","topics_uses","uses","topics_alt","Treemap of the {count} most-used words, sized by how often each is used. {ctx}","topics_table_alt","Table of the {count} most-used words and how often each is used. {ctx}","topics_table_toggle","Show as table","topics_table_word","Word","topics_empty","No speeches with usable text in this period. Try widening the range.","loyalty_title","Party loyalty","loyalty_subtitle","Share of a member's votes cast against their group's majority line (higher = more independent). Abstentions count as a position.","loyalty_axis","Dissent rate: share of votes against own group","loyalty_dissent","dissent","loyalty_ballots","votes","loyalty_empty","No votes in this period meet the thresholds for a loyalty score. Widen the range.","loyalty_chart_alt","Beeswarm plot of the dissent rate of {count} members, one dot per member, coloured by party. {ctx}","loyalty_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their votes, dissents and dissent rate. {ctx}","loyalty_col_member","loyalty_col_party","loyalty_col_group","loyalty_col_ballots","loyalty_col_dissents","Against","loyalty_col_rate","Dissent","loyalty_from","loyalty_to","loyalty_scale","Scale","loyalty_scale_log","Log","loyalty_scale_linear","Linear","loyalty_filters","Filters","cohesion_title","Group cohesion","cohesion_hint","mean Agreement Index (1 = unanimous)","section_alignment","Voting alignment","no_alignment","Not enough shared votes to compare.","view_all_alignment","View full alignment","alignment_agreed_of_shared","agreed on {agreed} of {shared} shared votes","sort_agreement","Agreement","sort_shared","Shared votes","facet_min_shared","Min. shared","min_shared_10","≥ 10","min_shared_20","≥ 20","min_shared_50","≥ 50","min_shared_100","≥ 100","section_body_alignment","body_alignment_subtitle","How members of this chamber vote relative to one another, from the votes they have in common. In the map, members who vote alike sit close together and opponents far apart. Colours are parties, so blocs and coalitions show up as clusters. The grid gives the average agreement between each pair of parties (the diagonal is each party's own internal cohesion).","alignment_from","alignment_to","alignment_view","View","alignment_view_scatter","Map","alignment_view_heatmap","Party grid","alignment_empty","Not enough votes in this window to build the model.","alignment_window_note","Most meaningful within a single legislative period: the model compares members from the votes they have in common. If the window spans an election or a change in composition, members with different terms barely overlap and positions become less comparable.","alignment_no_parties","No party groups to compare in this window.","alignment_scatter_alt","Scatter plot of {count} members placed by how similarly they voted, coloured by party. {ctx}","alignment_pairs","pairs","alignment_heatmap_note","Each cell is the average agreement between members of the two parties (diagonal = a party's internal cohesion). ± is the 95% confidence range and n the number of member-pairs behind it. A small range over many pairs means the alignment is well-established; a wide range means it's only suggestive.","alignment_heatmap_alt","Grid of the average voting agreement between {count} parties. {ctx}","alignment_members_heading","Members","alignment_members_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their agreement with the chamber and with their own party. {ctx}","alignment_col_member","alignment_col_party","alignment_col_votes","alignment_col_chamber","Aligns with chamber","alignment_col_party_align","Within party","alignment_zoom_in","Zoom in","alignment_zoom_out","Zoom out","alignment_zoom_reset","Reset zoom","alignment_filters","section_lobby","Lobby network","lobby_subtitle","The organizations members of this chamber declare in their register of interests, and where those ties overlap. In the network, members are dots (coloured by party) and organizations shared by two or more members are squares. Members who share the same organizations pull together. The breakdown shows how many mandates are paid versus unpaid, and who holds the most.","lobby_empty","No declared interests for this chamber in this window.","lobby_no_shared","No organizations are shared by two or more members here. See the breakdown.","lobby_network_alt","Network graph of {members} members and the {orgs} organizations they share, linked by declared interests. {ctx}","lobby_mandates","mandates","lobby_members_tied","members","lobby_unknown","Unknown","lobby_org_node","Organization","lobby_payment_heading","Paid vs unpaid mandates","lobby_top_orgs","Most-shared organizations","lobby_top_members","Members by mandates","discussion_title","Speech profiles","discussion_intro","Where members sit on a latent axis derived purely from the words they use in their speeches (Wordfish scaling).","discussion_calculating","Scaling speeches…","lobby_calculating","Computing lobby network…","discussion_error","The speech scaling could not be computed.","discussion_converged","Model converged","discussion_not_converged","Model did not fully converge. Read positions with extra caution.","discussion_members_scored","Members scored","discussion_vocab","Vocabulary","discussion_window","Window","discussion_show_all","discussion_show_reliable","Reliable only","discussion_methodology","How this is computed","discussion_range_label","Time range","discussion_range_1y","1 year","discussion_range_2y","2 years","discussion_range_4y","4 years","discussion_range_8y","8 years","discussion_plot_alt","Beeswarm plot of {count} members placed along a word-choice axis, one dot per member. {ctx}","discussion_plot_caption","Each dot is one member, placed by the words they use in their speeches. Members who reach for the same distinctive words sit close together; members who talk very differently sit far apart. So a member's spot isn't assigned by us; it comes out of how they actually speak. For example, someone who keeps saying “tax”, “budget” and “spending” lands far from someone who mostly says “asylum”, “border” and “integration”. Hover any dot for its details. Filled dots have enough speech to place reliably; hollow rings spoke too little, so read their position with caution.","discussion_empty","No speeches are available for this parliament, so its members can't be placed on the axis. This scaling reads the words members actually speak, and the data set only holds speech transcripts for a few parliaments: the federal chambers and a handful of cantons such as Bern, Basel-Stadt or St. Gallen. You can also try a longer time range above.","discussion_empty_sparse","There is too little speech transcript text for this parliament to place its members on the axis. Try a longer time range above.","discussion_pole_a","One pole","discussion_pole_b","Other pole","discussion_col_party","discussion_key_filled","Enough text (reliable)","discussion_key_ring","Below the word floor (low confidence)","discussion_align_title","Does the axis track party?","discussion_align_hint","How much of the spread in positions is explained by party membership (η²): 100% = parties are perfectly separated, ~0% = party tells you nothing.","discussion_align_strong","parties are clearly separated","discussion_align_moderate","parties are partly separated","discussion_align_weak","party barely explains the axis","discussion_poles_title","What the axis is made of","discussion_poles_hint","The words that most pull members towards each pole. The axis only means something once you read these. Its direction is arbitrary.","discussion_no_party","No party","discussion_col_name","discussion_col_position","Position","discussion_col_words","Words","discussion_col_speeches","discussion_low_confidence","low confidence","discussion_table_title","discussion_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their position on the word-choice axis. {ctx}","discussion_read_title","How to read this","discussion_read_direction","The axis direction is arbitrary: Wordfish finds the split, not which side is “left” or “right”. Read the word poles to see what each side means.","discussion_read_uncertainty","Positions are standardized, so the spread is a convention, not a real distance. Wider error bars (and hollow dots) mean less certainty, so don't over-read those members.","discussion_read_confound","Speech style reflects role as much as ideology: committee chairs, ministers and frequent speakers can land at a pole because of what they do, not only what they believe.","organizations_title","organizations_none","No organizations.","org_members","org_mandates","org_bodies","org_members_heading","org_members_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their party, body, role, payment and period. {ctx}","org_no_members","No members.","org_col_member","org_col_party","org_col_body","org_col_role","org_col_payment","Payment","org_col_period","sort_members","sort_mandates","Mandates","interest_unknown","lobby_panel_person","Declared organizations","lobby_panel_org","Members with this mandate","lobby_table_heading","Who is tied to what","lobby_table_explain","The full matrix marks every member against every shared organization: one dot per declared tie, the exhaustive view of who is tied to what.","lobby_table_large","For this chamber that is","lobby_table_cells","cells","lobby_table_show","Show table","lobby_table_alt","Table marking each of {count} members against the {orgs} organizations they are tied to, one dot per declared tie. {ctx}","lobby_select_hint","Select a member or organization to see its ties.","lobby_filters","lobby_error","The lobby network could not be computed.","lobby_clear_selection","Clear selection","close","not_found_person","Person not found","not_found_body","Parliament not found","not_found_affair","Affair not found","not_found_group","Committee or group not found","not_found_voting","Voting not found","not_found_meeting","Meeting not found","not_found_interest","Interest not found","not_found_organization","Organization not found","not_found_text","Text not found","not_found_doc","Document not found","not_found_speech","Speech not found","not_found_hint","There is no entry with the ID {id}. It may have been removed, or the link may be outdated.","not_found_back","Back to the overview","about","About","faq","FAQ","section_title","section_title_bodies","section_title_affairs","section_title_votings","section_title_texts","section_title_docs","section_subtitle_search","section_subtitle_discussion",{"_1568":1569,"_1585":752,"_1586":1587,"_1588":1589,"_1590":939,"_1269":512,"_19":312,"_83":516,"_1591":519,"_1574":322,"_1592":1593,"_1594":723,"_1376":272,"_79":282,"_1571":424,"_85":292,"_81":522,"_87":302,"_1595":1049,"_1596":1183,"_1597":1219,"_1598":1183,"_1599":1600,"_1601":1183,"_1602":1603,"_1604":512,"_1605":691,"_1606":1183,"_1607":1589,"_1608":516,"_1575":391,"_1609":1610,"_1182":1183,"_1611":629,"_1195":1183,"_77":527,"_1612":1404,"_1613":1261,"_1614":1299,"_1615":1593,"_1616":1388,"_1576":332,"_1617":1380,"_1618":1183},"section_switcher",{"_1566":1567,"_1568":1569,"_1570":272,"_21":468,"_79":282,"_1571":424,"_1572":358,"_19":312,"_87":302,"_1573":292,"_1574":322,"_1575":391,"_1576":332,"_1577":1578,"_1579":1580,"_1581":1582,"_1583":1584},"section_title_speeches","section_title_groups","section_title_interests","section_title_meetings","section_title_organizations","label_section","Section","home","Home","people","affairs","groups","documents","interests","meetings","organizations","group_parliament","Actors","group_proceedings","Proceedings","group_records","Records","group_lobbying","Lobbying","search","eyebrow","Data on {{name}}","overview","Overview","personal_data","memberships","access_badges","Lobby","images","texts_overview","text_details","docs_overview","doc_details","votings_overview","Voting","voting_details","voting_diagram","Diagram","voting_tally","speeches_overview","speech_details","groups_overview","contributions","interests_overview","Interest","meetings_overview","vocabulary","loyalty","alignment","lobby","discussion","organizations_overview","org_details",{"_1676":1677,"_1678":1679,"_1620":1680,"_223":1681},"intro",{"_1622":1623,"_1624":1625,"_1626":1627,"_1628":1629,"_1630":1631,"_1632":1633,"_1634":1635},"en",{"_1636":1671,"_1638":1672,"_1640":1673,"_1642":1674,"_1644":1675},"de",{"_1636":1666,"_1638":1667,"_1640":1668,"_1642":1669,"_1644":1670},"fr",{"_1636":1661,"_1638":1662,"_1640":1663,"_1642":1664,"_1644":1665},"it",{"_1636":1656,"_1638":1657,"_1640":1658,"_1642":1659,"_1644":1660},"es",{"_1636":1651,"_1638":1652,"_1640":1653,"_1642":1654,"_1644":1655},"pt",{"_1636":1646,"_1638":1647,"_1640":1648,"_1642":1649,"_1644":1650},"rm",{"_1636":1637,"_1638":1639,"_1640":1641,"_1642":1643,"_1644":1645},"cookie","Nus duvrain mo cookies essenzials e funcziunals. Nagina analitica, nagin tracking.","dataLang","La Svizra ha quatter linguas naziunalas, e questas datas datti en pliras da quellas. Intgins records èn plurilings, auters mo en ina lingua. Vus pudais tscherner en tge lingua ch'il cuntegn vegn mussà; sche vossa tscherna n'è betg disponibla per in record, vegnan duvradas las autras linguas en in urden da prioritad fix. Quai è independent da la lingua da l'interfatscha. As lascha reglar sut Configuraziuns › Lingua dal cuntegn (sura a dretga).","alt","Questa pagina è era disponibla per rumantsch.","switch","Mussar per rumantsch","dismiss","Betg pli mussar","Utilizamos apenas cookies essenciais e funcionais. Sem análises, sem rastreio.","A Suíça tem quatro línguas nacionais, e estes dados existem em várias delas. Alguns registos estão em várias línguas, outros apenas numa. Pode escolher em que idioma os conteúdos são apresentados; quando a sua escolha não está disponível para um registo, as restantes línguas são usadas por uma ordem de prioridade fixa. Isto é independente do idioma da interface. Configure em Definições › Idioma dos conteúdos (canto superior direito).","Esta página também está disponível em português.","Ver em português","Não mostrar novamente","Solo utilizamos cookies esenciales y funcionales. Sin análisis, sin seguimiento.","Suiza tiene cuatro lenguas nacionales, y estos datos existen en varias de ellas. Algunos registros están en varias lenguas, otros en una sola. Puede elegir en qué idioma se muestra el contenido; cuando su elección no está disponible para un registro, se utilizan las demás lenguas en un orden de prioridad fijo. Esto es independiente del idioma de la interfaz. Configúrelo en Ajustes › Idioma del contenido (arriba a la derecha).","Esta página también está disponible en español.","Ver en español","No volver a mostrar","Utilizziamo solo cookie essenziali e funzionali. Nessuna analisi, nessun tracciamento.","La Svizzera ha quattro lingue nazionali e questi dati esistono in diverse di esse. Alcune voci sono in più lingue, altre in una sola. Puoi scegliere in quale lingua mostrare i contenuti; se la tua scelta non è disponibile per una voce, vengono usate le altre lingue secondo un ordine di priorità prestabilito. Questo è indipendente dalla lingua dell'interfaccia. Impostabile in Impostazioni › Lingua del contenuto (in alto a destra).","Questa pagina è disponibile anche in italiano.","Vedi in italiano","Non mostrare più","Nous utilisons uniquement des cookies essentiels et fonctionnels. Aucune analyse, aucun suivi.","La Suisse a quatre langues nationales, et ces données existent dans plusieurs d'entre elles. Certaines entrées sont en plusieurs langues, d'autres dans une seule. Vous pouvez choisir la langue d'affichage du contenu ; si votre choix n'est pas disponible pour une entrée, les autres langues sont utilisées selon un ordre de priorité défini. Ceci est indépendant de la langue de l'interface. Réglable dans Paramètres › Langue du contenu (en haut à droite).","Cette page est aussi disponible en français.","Voir en français","Ne plus afficher","Wir verwenden nur essenzielle, funktionale Cookies. Keine Analyse, kein Tracking.","Die Schweiz hat vier Landessprachen, und diese Daten liegen in mehreren davon vor. Manche Einträge sind mehrsprachig, andere nur in einer Sprache. Sie können wählen, in welcher Sprache die Inhalte angezeigt werden; ist Ihre Wahl für einen Eintrag nicht verfügbar, werden die übrigen Sprachen in einer festen Prioritätsreihenfolge verwendet. Dies ist unabhängig von der Oberflächensprache. Einstellbar unter Einstellungen › Inhaltssprache (oben rechts).","Diese Seite ist auch auf Deutsch verfügbar.","Auf Deutsch anzeigen","Nicht mehr anzeigen","We use only essential, functional cookies. No analytics, no tracking.","Switzerland has four national languages, and this data comes in several of them. Some records are in multiple languages, some in only one. You can choose which language the content is shown in; when your choice isn't available for a record, the remaining languages are used in a set priority order. This is independent of the interface language. Set it under Settings › Content language (top right).","This page is also available in English.","View in English","Don't show again","settings",{"_1744":1745,"_1746":1747,"_1748":1104,"_1749":1750,"_1751":1106,"_1752":1108,"_1753":1754,"_1755":1756,"_1757":1758,"_1759":1760,"_1761":1762,"_577":578,"_1763":1764,"_1765":1766,"_1767":1768,"_1769":1770,"_1771":1772},"nav",{"_1568":1690,"_1691":1692,"_1693":627,"_1694":1695,"_1696":1697,"_1577":1578,"_1579":1580,"_1581":1582,"_1583":1584,"_1570":272,"_21":468,"_1572":358,"_1571":424,"_79":282,"_1575":391,"_19":312,"_87":302,"_1573":292,"_1574":322,"_1576":332,"_1698":1683,"_1699":1700,"_1546":1547,"_1701":1702,"_1548":1549,"_1703":1704,"_1705":1706,"_1707":1708,"_1709":1710,"_1711":1712,"_1713":1714,"_1715":1716,"_1717":1718,"_1719":1720,"_1721":1722,"_1723":1724,"_1725":1726,"_1727":1728,"_1729":1730,"_1731":1732,"_1733":1734,"_1735":1736,"_1737":1687,"_1738":1739,"_1740":1741,"_1742":1743},{"_1636":1671,"_1638":1672,"_1640":1673,"_1642":1674,"_1644":1675},{"_1682":1683,"_1684":1685,"_1686":1687,"_1688":1689},"project.title","Project","project.desc","About parlhub: what the portal is, answers to common questions, and how the data fits together.","experiments.title","Experiments","experiments.desc","Experimental analyses and methodology showcases on parlhub, including the Wordfish scaling of parliaments from their speeches.","parlhub home","skip_to_content","Skip to main content","explore","start","Start here","start_desc","Quicklinks to chambers, cantons and communes","project","project_desc","The project at a glance","about_desc","What parlhub is and who is behind it","faq_desc","Answers to common questions","sustainability","Sustainability","sustainability_desc","How parlhub is hosted and what it costs the planet","accessibility","Accessibility","accessibility_desc","What works, what doesn't, and how to report a barrier","traffic_stats","Traffic statistics","traffic_stats_desc","Which parts of the site get requested, and by whom","imprint","Imprint","imprint_desc","Who runs parlhub, contact, and the licenses","github","GitHub","github_desc","The project's source code on GitHub","data_guide","Data guide","data_guide_desc","Every kind of data, in plain terms, with examples","data_map","Data map","data_map_desc","How the data fits together, at a glance","methodology","Methodology","methodology_desc","How each figure is calculated, with links to the code","experiments","experiments_desc","Experimental analyses and methodology write-ups","wordfish","Wordfish scaling","wordfish_desc","Placing members on an axis by the words in their speeches","menu_label","Settings","appearance","Appearance","theme","theme_system","System","theme_light","theme_dark","font_size","Font size","font_size_decrease","Decrease font size","font_size_increase","Increase font size","high_contrast","High contrast","grayscale","Grayscale","interface_language","Interface","content_language","Content language","content_language_auto","Auto (follow interface)","content_language_note","Language of the displayed data (names, titles, texts). 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