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Der Bundesrat ist zurzeit mit schwierigen Problemen im Zusammenhang mit dem Transitverkehr konfrontiert. Nebst einer staatspolitisch befriedigenden Regelung der Zufahrt zum Neat-Basistunnel im Kanton Uri sind vor allem die Staulagen entlang der A2 zu lösen. Diesbezüglich sind verschiedene Massnahmen in Diskussion. Sie reichen von der ausschliesslichen Benützung einer Fahrspur als Abstellraum über die Erstellung spezieller Stauräume ausserhalb der Autobahn, den Ausbau der Anlagen an den Grenzen, die Änderung verkehrspolizeilicher Regelungen bis hin zum Begehren nach Erweiterung der baulichen Infrastruktur, insbesondere dem Bau einer zweiten Tunnelröhre am Gotthard (Avanti-Initiative).

Die Lösung dieser und allenfalls weiterer Fragen ist aus einer ganzheitlichen Betrachtung und mit Blick auf die bestehenden völkerrechtlichen Abkommen, namentlich den Transitvertrag vom 2. Mai 1992 und das Landverkehrsabkommen im Rahmen der bilateralen Verträge, anzugehen.

Im Anhang 2 zum Transitvertrag vom 2. Mai 1992 wird für den Vertragspartner Schweiz verbindlich Folgendes festgestellt: \"Der Ausbau des Strassennetzes ist mit der Fertigstellung der Nord-Süd-Verkehrsachse abgeschlossen, und die Verkehrsregeln stehen mit dem Internationalen Übereinkommen vom 8. November 1968 über den Strassenverkehr in Einklang.\" Der Anhang 2 ist integrierender Bestandteil des Transitvertrages und bezieht sich auf dessen Artikel 5, der abschliessend die Leistungspflichten der Vertragspartner zum Gegenstand hat.

","affair_title",30511,"20013364_5","Eingereichter Text","

Der Bundesrat wird gebeten, folgende Fragen zu beantworten:

1. Steht die ausschliessliche Benützung einer Fahrspur für jeweilen längere Zeit als Stauraum für Lastwagen nicht in einem grundsätzlichen Widerspruch zum Zweck der Nationalstrasse als einer Infrastruktur für einen flüssigen Verkehr? Besteht nicht auch ein Widerspruch zum Transitvertrag von 1992 und zum Landverkehrsabkommen im Rahmen der bilateralen Verträge, deren Ziel ja in einem die Menschen und die Umwelt möglichst schonenden geordneten Ablauf des Verkehrs von Grenze zu Grenze besteht? Wäre es daher nicht richtig, den in die Schweiz einfahrenden transitierenden Schwerverkehr bereits an der Grenze durch geeignete Massnahmen so zu kanalisieren, dass auf dem schweizerischen Hoheitsgebiet ein flüssiger Durchgangsverkehr gewährleistet wäre?

2. Ist gegenüber der EU bzw. der Europäischen Gemeinschaft (EG) nicht geltend zu machen, dass die Massnahmen, welche zur Behebung oder Minderung der Lastwagenstaus entlang der A2 ergriffen werden, als über den Transitvertrag von 1992 und über das Landverkehrsabkommen im Rahmen der bilateralen Verträge hinausgehende Leistungen der Schweiz zu betrachten sind, sodass sich entsprechende Gegenleistungen der EU bzw. EG rechtfertigen würden?

3. Teilt der Bundesrat die Auffassung, dass die Schweiz vor allem mit dem Bau einer zweiten Tunnelröhre am Gotthard eine über den Transitvertrag hinausgehende wesentliche neue Leistung erbringen würde?

4. Welche Möglichkeiten sieht er, um mit der EU bzw. EG in neue Verhandlungen einzutreten und wesentliche Gegenleistungen auszuhandeln? Welcher Art, insbesondere verkehrspolitischer und finanzieller Art, könnten bzw. müssten diese Gegenleistungen sein, damit sich für die Schweiz in politischer Sicht insgesamt ein Vorteil ergäbe und insbesondere die Verlagerung des Schwerverkehrs von der Strasse auf die Schiene schneller und effizienter erfolgen könnte?

",30510,"20013364_14","Antwort BR / Büro","

1. Die ständige Zunahme des Lastwagenverkehrs auf der A2 führte insbesondere im laufenden Jahr zu Kapazitätsengpässen an den Zollanlagen von Chiasso und Basel. Die Folge davon sind Rückstaus der Lastwagen auf der Fahrbahn, wobei auch Baustellen und Unfälle zu den Ursachen von Staus zählen. Der Bundespräsident hat am 28. Mai 2001 die betroffenen Kantone zu einer Konferenz eingeladen. Es zeigte sich, dass die Ansichten über mögliche und taugliche Ansätze weit auseinander liegen. Deshalb wurde eine Steuerungsgruppe Bund/Kantone eingesetzt, die die Frage der kurz- und mittelfristigen Optimierung der Abläufe im Bereich Strasse und Zoll vertieft angeht und wirksame, politisch tragfähige Lösungen sucht, welche auch die Aspekte Binnenverkehr und Verkehrssicherheit berücksichtigen.

Lastwagenstauräume auf der Autobahn behindern in der Tat den Verkehrsfluss für alle Strassenbenutzer und sind grundsätzlich unerwünscht. Da diese Massnahmen jeweils kurzzeitig befristet sind und die ausländischen und schweizerischen Lastwagen gleichermassen betreffen, ist jedoch nicht von einer Verletzung des Transitabkommens auszugehen; zumal auf der ausländischen Seite der Grenzen dieselben Situationen schon viel länger festzustellen sind.

Was die Frage der Kanalisierung des in die Schweiz einfahrenden Verkehrs betrifft, ist zu berücksichtigen, dass an den Grenzübergängen im Raum Basel rund drei Viertel der Transporte von und nach Destinationen in der Schweiz bestimmt sind (in Chiasso rund ein Drittel), der alpenquerende Transitverkehr somit \"nur\" maximal ein Viertel (Chiasso zwei Drittel) beträgt. Eine Dosierung des Schwerverkehrs bei hohem Verkehrsaufkommen müsste auf jeden Fall nichtdiskriminierend gehandhabt werden. Auch diese Massnahme wird jedoch von der erwähnten Steuerungsgruppe geprüft.

2. Die von der Schweiz bisher erbrachten Leistungen zur Bewältigung der Probleme auf der Nord-Süd-Achse bewegen sich im Rahmen des vertraglich festgelegten Transitabkommens. Beide Parteien sind gemäss Artikel 14 des Transitabkommens verpflichtet, wo nötig Zollformalitäten zu erleichtern und zu vereinfachen. Das noch nicht in Kraft stehende Landverkehrsabkommen sieht genau dieselbe Regelung in Artikel 43 vor. In den Mitgliedländern der EU werden zur Bewältigung von gravierenden Staulagen ähnliche Massnahmen ergriffen.

Die Bemühungen der Schweiz, die Staulagen auf der A2 zu entschärfen, erfolgen nicht nur im schweizerischen Interesse, sondern auch in jenem des Auslandes. Da die Zollanlagen Basel/Weil an der Rhein-Autobahn, Basel/St. Louis-Autobahn und Chiasso Brogeda-merci Gemeinschaftszollanlagen sind und zum Teil ganz auf ausländischem Territorium liegen, sind wir für verschiedene mögliche Optimierungsmassnahmen auf die Unterstützung und Mitwirkung unserer Nachbarländer angewiesen. Dasselbe gilt für mögliche Optimierungen der Zollverfahren und Zollabfertigung. Diese Mitwirkung ist primär auf bilateraler Ebene anzustreben.

3. Der Bundesrat lehnt den Bau einer zweiten Strassenröhre am Gotthard ab, u. a. aufgrund der Vorgaben des Alpenschutzartikels in der Bundesverfassung. Die Schweizer Stimmberechtigten werden sich demnächst dazu äussern können. Sollte das Schweizervolk den Bau einer zweiten Röhre befürworten, so wäre dies ein innenpolitischer Entscheid. Weder mit dem Transit- noch mit dem kommenden Landverkehrsabkommen besteht ein direkter Zusammenhang.

4. Die Schweiz hat durch das Landverkehrsabkommen mit der EU ein umfassendes Vertragswerk zur Landverkehrspolitik des nächsten Jahrzehnts abgeschlossen. Dazu gehören die Belange des Strassen- und Schienenverkehrs sowie des kombinierten Verkehrs. Die EU hat dabei akzeptiert, dass die Schweiz die leistungsabhängige Schwerverkehrsabgabe einführt und damit der Transit künftig um ein Vielfaches teurer wird. Das Ausland beteiligt sich zudem über diese Abgabe massgeblich an der Finanzierung der Schweizer Schieneninfrastrukturen (u. a. Neat). Die vom UVEK eingesetzte Steuerungsgruppe prüft gegenwärtig Massnahmen zur Entlastung der Stausituation. Wenn nötig werden der Bundesrat bzw. die zuständigen Departemente eine Zusammenarbeit mit den Nachbarländern oder der EU suchen.

Die Verlagerungspolitik und die Optimierung der Abläufe im grenzüberschreitenden Schienengüterverkehr werden periodisch im Rahmen bilateraler Gespräche mit den entsprechenden Mitgliedstaaten und der EU-Kommission diskutiert. Diese Gespräche erfolgen u. a. auch auf der Basis des Memorandums vom Mai 2001 zwischen der Schweiz und den Niederlanden.

Antwort des Bundesrates.",30509,"20013364_1","Titel des 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group/body name, function and membership type.","controls_search_hint_interests","Searches organisation name, function and parliamentary group.","controls_search_hint_votes","Searches the voting title and the affair title.","controls_search_hint_access_badges","Searches guests' name and organisation.","controls_search_hint_contributors","Searches the affair title.","controls_search_hint_speeches","Searches the speech text.","controls_sort_status","Sorted by {field}, {direction}","sort_affair_date","Affair date","sort_role","Role","sort_affair_type","Affair type","sort_affair_number","Affair number","sort_valid_from","Valid from","sort_valid_to","Valid until","sort_version","facet_latest","Latest","gender_f","Female","gender_m","Male","gender_d","Diverse","lang_de","German","lang_fr","French","lang_it","Italian","lang_rm","Romansh","lang_en","English","lang_es","Spanish","bodies_title","affairs_title","no_bodies","No institutions found.","facet_has_parliament","With parliament","sort_canton","Canton","sort_position","Order","sort_population","Population","controls_search_placeholder_bodies","Search institutions…","controls_search_hint_bodies","Searches name, canton and key.","body_population","Residents","body_seats","Seats","controls_no_results","No matches for your search.","controls_filter_search","controls_loading","Loading results…","body_section_profile","Profile","body_has_parliament","Has parliament","body_languages","Languages","body_seats_legislative","Seats (legislative)","body_executive","Executive","body_seats_executive","Seats (executive)","body_consultations","Consultations","body_elections_votings","Elections & votings","body_flag","Flag","body_key_label","Body key","body_source_lang","Source language","body_people_directory_title","All people of this institution","body_composition_title","Current composition","body_chambers_title","Chambers","body_votings_title","no_votings","No recorded votings.","controls_search_placeholder_votings","Search votings…","controls_search_hint_votings","body_affairs_title","no_affairs","No recorded affairs.","affair_untitled","Untitled affair","affair_long_title","Full title","affair_number","Number","affair_official_record","affair_external_id","External ID","affair_agenda_section","Agenda items","controls_search_placeholder_affairs","Search affairs…","controls_search_hint_affairs","Searches affair title and affair number.","sort_affair_title","facet_state","State","view_all_votings","View all votings","view_all_affairs","View all affairs","external_link","External link","docs_title","docs_loading","Searching documents…","section_docs","no_docs","No documents.","view_all_docs","View all documents","controls_search_placeholder_docs","Search documents…","controls_search_hint_docs","Searches name and category.","facet_category","Category","facet_format","Format","facet_lang","facet_case","Case sensitive","facet_word","Whole word","facet_match_on","facet_match_off","section_events","no_events","No recorded events.","view_all_events","View full timeline","controls_search_placeholder_events","Search events…","controls_search_hint_events","Searches title, actor and details.","facet_actor_type","Actor type","event_untitled","Event","texts_title","texts_loading","Searching texts…","section_texts","no_texts","No texts.","view_all_texts","View all texts","controls_search_placeholder_texts","Search texts…","controls_search_hint_texts","Searches type and body text.","sort_type","text_untitled","Text","facet_position_country","facet_position_canton","facet_position_city","City","facet_position_commune","Commune","facet_position_other","Other","votings_title","voting_result_section","voting_decision","Decision","voting_meaning_yes","A yes means","voting_meaning_no","A no means","voting_affair","voting_chart_title","How they voted","voting_chart_alt","Seat map of {count} members, coloured by {mode}. {summary}","voting_table_alt","Table of how {count} members voted, one row per member, with their party and parliamentary group.","chart_export","chart_export_title","Export chart","chart_export_failed","Export failed.","chart_exporting","Exporting…","chart_download","Download","chart_close","chart_fullscreen","Fullscreen","chart_title","chart_title_ph","Optional title","chart_subtitle","Subtitle","chart_subtitle_ph","Optional subtitle","chart_colors","Colours & labels","chart_color_for","Colour for","chart_label_for","Label for","chart_reset","chart_order","chart_output","Output","chart_format","chart_theme","Theme","chart_theme_light","Light","chart_theme_dark","Dark","chart_size","Size","chart_options","Options","chart_show_legend","Show legend","chart_transparent","Transparent background","chart_interactive","Interactive","chart_credits","Credit","voting_chart_no_votes","No votes recorded.","voting_chart_seats","seats","voting_chart_no_seatmap","No seat data available.","voting_chart_col_person","Person","voting_chart_col_party","voting_chart_col_group","voting_chart_col_vote","voting_chart_by_party","Vote by party","voting_chart_by_party_seats","Seats by party","voting_chart_colour_by","Colour seats by","voting_chart_majority","Majority","voting_chart_edit","Edit & export","voting_chart_seat_note","Seat positions are illustrative, not the real chamber layout. Open the editor to rearrange the colours, labels and order, and export.","speeches_title","speeches_loading","Searching speeches…","speech_person","Speaker","speech_body","Institution","speech_affair","speech_meeting","groups_title","no_groups","No groups found.","group_untitled","Untitled group","section_meetings","no_meetings","No recorded meetings.","view_all_meetings","View all meetings","meetings_title","meeting_untitled","meeting_upcoming","Upcoming","facet_time","When","facet_upcoming","facet_past","Past","group_abbreviation","Abbreviation","group_description","Description","group_official_record","Official page","group_contact","member_unknown","section_votings","interests_title","interest_details","Details","interest_person","Declared by","interest_body","Granting body","interest_role","interest_type","interest_group","interest_place","Place","interest_period","Period","meeting_details","meeting_type","meeting_state","meeting_number","meeting_location","Location","meeting_period","meeting_group","meeting_body","group_type","description","controls_search_placeholder_meetings","Search meetings …","controls_search_hint_meetings","Name, location or description","section_agendas","no_agendas","No agenda items.","view_all_agendas","View all agenda items","agenda_untitled","speech_speaker_unknown","video","doc_untitled","Document","doc_body","doc_affair","doc_meeting","doc_agenda","section_contributors","Contributors","no_contributors","No contributors.","view_all_contributors","View all contributors","sort_number","topics_title","Most-used words","topics_intro","The words this person uses most across their speeches, with common filler words removed. Tile size shows how often a word is used.","topics_all_time","All time","topics_last_4y","Last 4 years","topics_last_8y","Last 8 years","topics_from","topics_to","topics_speeches","speeches","topics_words","words (filtered)","topics_distinct","distinct words","topics_uses","uses","topics_alt","Treemap of the {count} most-used words, sized by how often each is used. {ctx}","topics_table_alt","Table of the {count} most-used words and how often each is used. {ctx}","topics_table_toggle","Show as table","topics_table_word","Word","topics_empty","No speeches with usable text in this period. Try widening the range.","loyalty_title","Party loyalty","loyalty_subtitle","Share of a member's votes cast against their group's majority line (higher = more independent). Abstentions count as a position.","loyalty_axis","Dissent rate: share of votes against own group","loyalty_dissent","dissent","loyalty_ballots","votes","loyalty_empty","No votes in this period meet the thresholds for a loyalty score. Widen the range.","loyalty_chart_alt","Beeswarm plot of the dissent rate of {count} members, one dot per member, coloured by party. {ctx}","loyalty_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their votes, dissents and dissent rate. {ctx}","loyalty_col_member","loyalty_col_party","loyalty_col_group","loyalty_col_ballots","loyalty_col_dissents","Against","loyalty_col_rate","Dissent","loyalty_from","loyalty_to","loyalty_scale","Scale","loyalty_scale_log","Log","loyalty_scale_linear","Linear","loyalty_filters","Filters","cohesion_title","Group cohesion","cohesion_hint","mean Agreement Index (1 = unanimous)","section_alignment","Voting alignment","no_alignment","Not enough shared votes to compare.","view_all_alignment","View full alignment","alignment_agreed_of_shared","agreed on {agreed} of {shared} shared votes","sort_agreement","Agreement","sort_shared","Shared votes","facet_min_shared","Min. shared","min_shared_10","≥ 10","min_shared_20","≥ 20","min_shared_50","≥ 50","min_shared_100","≥ 100","section_body_alignment","body_alignment_subtitle","How members of this chamber vote relative to one another, from the votes they have in common. In the map, members who vote alike sit close together and opponents far apart. Colours are parties, so blocs and coalitions show up as clusters. The grid gives the average agreement between each pair of parties (the diagonal is each party's own internal cohesion).","alignment_from","alignment_to","alignment_view","View","alignment_view_scatter","Map","alignment_view_heatmap","Party grid","alignment_empty","Not enough votes in this window to build the model.","alignment_window_note","Most meaningful within a single legislative period: the model compares members from the votes they have in common. If the window spans an election or a change in composition, members with different terms barely overlap and positions become less comparable.","alignment_no_parties","No party groups to compare in this window.","alignment_scatter_alt","Scatter plot of {count} members placed by how similarly they voted, coloured by party. {ctx}","alignment_pairs","pairs","alignment_heatmap_note","Each cell is the average agreement between members of the two parties (diagonal = a party's internal cohesion). ± is the 95% confidence range and n the number of member-pairs behind it. A small range over many pairs means the alignment is well-established; a wide range means it's only suggestive.","alignment_heatmap_alt","Grid of the average voting agreement between {count} parties. {ctx}","alignment_members_heading","Members","alignment_members_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their agreement with the chamber and with their own party. {ctx}","alignment_col_member","alignment_col_party","alignment_col_votes","alignment_col_chamber","Aligns with chamber","alignment_col_party_align","Within party","alignment_zoom_in","Zoom in","alignment_zoom_out","Zoom out","alignment_zoom_reset","Reset zoom","alignment_filters","section_lobby","Lobby network","lobby_subtitle","The organizations members of this chamber declare in their register of interests, and where those ties overlap. In the network, members are dots (coloured by party) and organizations shared by two or more members are squares. Members who share the same organizations pull together. The breakdown shows how many mandates are paid versus unpaid, and who holds the most.","lobby_empty","No declared interests for this chamber in this window.","lobby_no_shared","No organizations are shared by two or more members here. See the breakdown.","lobby_network_alt","Network graph of {members} members and the {orgs} organizations they share, linked by declared interests. {ctx}","lobby_mandates","mandates","lobby_members_tied","members","lobby_unknown","Unknown","lobby_org_node","Organization","lobby_payment_heading","Paid vs unpaid mandates","lobby_top_orgs","Most-shared organizations","lobby_top_members","Members by mandates","discussion_title","Speech profiles","discussion_intro","Where members sit on a latent axis derived purely from the words they use in their speeches (Wordfish scaling).","discussion_calculating","Scaling speeches…","lobby_calculating","Computing lobby network…","discussion_error","The speech scaling could not be computed.","discussion_converged","Model converged","discussion_not_converged","Model did not fully converge. Read positions with extra caution.","discussion_members_scored","Members scored","discussion_vocab","Vocabulary","discussion_window","Window","discussion_show_all","discussion_show_reliable","Reliable only","discussion_methodology","How this is computed","discussion_range_label","Time range","discussion_range_1y","1 year","discussion_range_2y","2 years","discussion_range_4y","4 years","discussion_range_8y","8 years","discussion_plot_alt","Beeswarm plot of {count} members placed along a word-choice axis, one dot per member. {ctx}","discussion_plot_caption","Each dot is one member, placed by the words they use in their speeches. Members who reach for the same distinctive words sit close together; members who talk very differently sit far apart. So a member's spot isn't assigned by us; it comes out of how they actually speak. For example, someone who keeps saying “tax”, “budget” and “spending” lands far from someone who mostly says “asylum”, “border” and “integration”. Hover any dot for its details. Filled dots have enough speech to place reliably; hollow rings spoke too little, so read their position with caution.","discussion_empty","No speeches are available for this parliament, so its members can't be placed on the axis. This scaling reads the words members actually speak, and the data set only holds speech transcripts for a few parliaments: the federal chambers and a handful of cantons such as Bern, Basel-Stadt or St. Gallen. You can also try a longer time range above.","discussion_empty_sparse","There is too little speech transcript text for this parliament to place its members on the axis. Try a longer time range above.","discussion_pole_a","One pole","discussion_pole_b","Other pole","discussion_col_party","discussion_key_filled","Enough text (reliable)","discussion_key_ring","Below the word floor (low confidence)","discussion_align_title","Does the axis track party?","discussion_align_hint","How much of the spread in positions is explained by party membership (η²): 100% = parties are perfectly separated, ~0% = party tells you nothing.","discussion_align_strong","parties are clearly separated","discussion_align_moderate","parties are partly separated","discussion_align_weak","party barely explains the axis","discussion_poles_title","What the axis is made of","discussion_poles_hint","The words that most pull members towards each pole. The axis only means something once you read these. Its direction is arbitrary.","discussion_no_party","No party","discussion_col_name","discussion_col_position","Position","discussion_col_words","Words","discussion_col_speeches","discussion_low_confidence","low confidence","discussion_table_title","discussion_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their position on the word-choice axis. {ctx}","discussion_read_title","How to read this","discussion_read_direction","The axis direction is arbitrary: Wordfish finds the split, not which side is “left” or “right”. Read the word poles to see what each side means.","discussion_read_uncertainty","Positions are standardized, so the spread is a convention, not a real distance. Wider error bars (and hollow dots) mean less certainty, so don't over-read those members.","discussion_read_confound","Speech style reflects role as much as ideology: committee chairs, ministers and frequent speakers can land at a pole because of what they do, not only what they believe.","organizations_title","organizations_none","No organizations.","org_members","org_mandates","org_bodies","org_members_heading","org_members_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their party, body, role, payment and period. {ctx}","org_no_members","No members.","org_col_member","org_col_party","org_col_body","org_col_role","org_col_payment","Payment","org_col_period","sort_members","sort_mandates","Mandates","interest_unknown","lobby_panel_person","Declared organizations","lobby_panel_org","Members with this mandate","lobby_table_heading","Who is tied to what","lobby_table_explain","The full matrix marks every member against every shared organization: one dot per declared tie, the exhaustive view of who is tied to what.","lobby_table_large","For this chamber that is","lobby_table_cells","cells","lobby_table_show","Show table","lobby_table_alt","Table marking each of {count} members against the {orgs} organizations they are tied to, one dot per declared tie. {ctx}","lobby_select_hint","Select a member or organization to see its ties.","lobby_filters","lobby_error","The lobby network could not be computed.","lobby_clear_selection","Clear selection","close","not_found_person","Person not found","not_found_body","Parliament not found","not_found_affair","Affair not found","not_found_group","Committee or group not found","not_found_voting","Voting not found","not_found_meeting","Meeting not found","not_found_interest","Interest not found","not_found_organization","Organization not found","not_found_text","Text not found","not_found_doc","Document not found","not_found_speech","Speech not found","not_found_hint","There is no entry with the ID {id}. It may have been removed, or the link may be outdated.","not_found_back","Back to the overview","about","About","faq","FAQ","section_title","section_title_bodies","section_title_affairs","section_title_votings","section_title_texts","section_title_docs","section_subtitle_search","section_subtitle_discussion",{"_1615":1616,"_1632":798,"_1633":1634,"_1635":1636,"_1637":985,"_1316":558,"_1290":358,"_78":562,"_1638":565,"_1621":368,"_1639":1640,"_1641":769,"_1423":318,"_74":328,"_1618":470,"_19":338,"_76":568,"_81":348,"_1642":1095,"_1643":1229,"_1644":1265,"_1645":1229,"_1646":1647,"_1648":1229,"_1649":1650,"_1651":558,"_1652":737,"_1653":1229,"_1654":1636,"_1655":562,"_1622":437,"_1656":1657,"_1228":1229,"_1658":675,"_1241":1229,"_72":573,"_1659":1451,"_1660":1308,"_1661":1346,"_1662":1640,"_1663":1435,"_1623":378,"_1664":1427,"_1665":1229},"section_switcher",{"_1613":1614,"_1615":1616,"_1617":318,"_70":514,"_74":328,"_1618":470,"_1619":404,"_1290":358,"_81":348,"_1620":338,"_1621":368,"_1622":437,"_1623":378,"_1624":1625,"_1626":1627,"_1628":1629,"_1630":1631},"section_title_speeches","section_title_groups","section_title_interests","section_title_meetings","section_title_organizations","label_section","Section","home","Home","people","affairs","groups","documents","interests","meetings","organizations","group_parliament","Actors","group_proceedings","Proceedings","group_records","Records","group_lobbying","Lobbying","search","eyebrow","Data on {{name}}","overview","Overview","personal_data","memberships","access_badges","Lobby","images","texts_overview","text_details","docs_overview","doc_details","votings_overview","Voting","voting_details","voting_diagram","Diagram","voting_tally","speeches_overview","speech_details","groups_overview","contributions","interests_overview","Interest","meetings_overview","vocabulary","loyalty","alignment","lobby","discussion","organizations_overview","org_details",{"_1723":1724,"_1725":1726,"_1667":1727,"_269":1728},"intro",{"_1669":1670,"_1671":1672,"_1673":1674,"_1675":1676,"_1677":1678,"_1679":1680,"_1681":1682},"en",{"_1683":1718,"_1685":1719,"_1687":1720,"_1689":1721,"_1691":1722},"de",{"_1683":1713,"_1685":1714,"_1687":1715,"_1689":1716,"_1691":1717},"fr",{"_1683":1708,"_1685":1709,"_1687":1710,"_1689":1711,"_1691":1712},"it",{"_1683":1703,"_1685":1704,"_1687":1705,"_1689":1706,"_1691":1707},"es",{"_1683":1698,"_1685":1699,"_1687":1700,"_1689":1701,"_1691":1702},"pt",{"_1683":1693,"_1685":1694,"_1687":1695,"_1689":1696,"_1691":1697},"rm",{"_1683":1684,"_1685":1686,"_1687":1688,"_1689":1690,"_1691":1692},"cookie","Nus duvrain mo cookies essenzials e funcziunals. Nagina analitica, nagin tracking.","dataLang","La Svizra ha quatter linguas naziunalas, e questas datas datti en pliras da quellas. Intgins records èn plurilings, auters mo en ina lingua. Vus pudais tscherner en tge lingua ch'il cuntegn vegn mussà; sche vossa tscherna n'è betg disponibla per in record, vegnan duvradas las autras linguas en in urden da prioritad fix. Quai è independent da la lingua da l'interfatscha. As lascha reglar sut Configuraziuns › Lingua dal cuntegn (sura a dretga).","alt","Questa pagina è era disponibla per rumantsch.","switch","Mussar per rumantsch","dismiss","Betg pli mussar","Utilizamos apenas cookies essenciais e funcionais. Sem análises, sem rastreio.","A Suíça tem quatro línguas nacionais, e estes dados existem em várias delas. Alguns registos estão em várias línguas, outros apenas numa. Pode escolher em que idioma os conteúdos são apresentados; quando a sua escolha não está disponível para um registo, as restantes línguas são usadas por uma ordem de prioridade fixa. Isto é independente do idioma da interface. Configure em Definições › Idioma dos conteúdos (canto superior direito).","Esta página também está disponível em português.","Ver em português","Não mostrar novamente","Solo utilizamos cookies esenciales y funcionales. Sin análisis, sin seguimiento.","Suiza tiene cuatro lenguas nacionales, y estos datos existen en varias de ellas. Algunos registros están en varias lenguas, otros en una sola. Puede elegir en qué idioma se muestra el contenido; cuando su elección no está disponible para un registro, se utilizan las demás lenguas en un orden de prioridad fijo. Esto es independiente del idioma de la interfaz. Configúrelo en Ajustes › Idioma del contenido (arriba a la derecha).","Esta página también está disponible en español.","Ver en español","No volver a mostrar","Utilizziamo solo cookie essenziali e funzionali. Nessuna analisi, nessun tracciamento.","La Svizzera ha quattro lingue nazionali e questi dati esistono in diverse di esse. Alcune voci sono in più lingue, altre in una sola. Puoi scegliere in quale lingua mostrare i contenuti; se la tua scelta non è disponibile per una voce, vengono usate le altre lingue secondo un ordine di priorità prestabilito. Questo è indipendente dalla lingua dell'interfaccia. Impostabile in Impostazioni › Lingua del contenuto (in alto a destra).","Questa pagina è disponibile anche in italiano.","Vedi in italiano","Non mostrare più","Nous utilisons uniquement des cookies essentiels et fonctionnels. Aucune analyse, aucun suivi.","La Suisse a quatre langues nationales, et ces données existent dans plusieurs d'entre elles. Certaines entrées sont en plusieurs langues, d'autres dans une seule. Vous pouvez choisir la langue d'affichage du contenu ; si votre choix n'est pas disponible pour une entrée, les autres langues sont utilisées selon un ordre de priorité défini. Ceci est indépendant de la langue de l'interface. Réglable dans Paramètres › Langue du contenu (en haut à droite).","Cette page est aussi disponible en français.","Voir en français","Ne plus afficher","Wir verwenden nur essenzielle, funktionale Cookies. Keine Analyse, kein Tracking.","Die Schweiz hat vier Landessprachen, und diese Daten liegen in mehreren davon vor. Manche Einträge sind mehrsprachig, andere nur in einer Sprache. Sie können wählen, in welcher Sprache die Inhalte angezeigt werden; ist Ihre Wahl für einen Eintrag nicht verfügbar, werden die übrigen Sprachen in einer festen Prioritätsreihenfolge verwendet. Dies ist unabhängig von der Oberflächensprache. Einstellbar unter Einstellungen › Inhaltssprache (oben rechts).","Diese Seite ist auch auf Deutsch verfügbar.","Auf Deutsch anzeigen","Nicht mehr anzeigen","We use only essential, functional cookies. No analytics, no tracking.","Switzerland has four national languages, and this data comes in several of them. Some records are in multiple languages, some in only one. You can choose which language the content is shown in; when your choice isn't available for a record, the remaining languages are used in a set priority order. This is independent of the interface language. Set it under Settings › Content language (top right).","This page is also available in English.","View in English","Don't show again","settings",{"_1791":1792,"_1793":1794,"_1795":1150,"_1796":1797,"_1798":1152,"_1799":1154,"_1800":1801,"_1802":1803,"_1804":1805,"_1806":1807,"_1808":1809,"_623":624,"_1810":1811,"_1812":1813,"_1814":1815,"_1816":1817,"_1818":1819},"nav",{"_1615":1737,"_1738":1739,"_1740":673,"_1741":1742,"_1743":1744,"_1624":1625,"_1626":1627,"_1628":1629,"_1630":1631,"_1617":318,"_70":514,"_1619":404,"_1618":470,"_74":328,"_1622":437,"_1290":358,"_81":348,"_1620":338,"_1621":368,"_1623":378,"_1745":1730,"_1746":1747,"_1593":1594,"_1748":1749,"_1595":1596,"_1750":1751,"_1752":1753,"_1754":1755,"_1756":1757,"_1758":1759,"_1760":1761,"_1762":1763,"_1764":1765,"_1766":1767,"_1768":1769,"_1770":1771,"_1772":1773,"_1774":1775,"_1776":1777,"_1778":1779,"_1780":1781,"_1782":1783,"_1784":1734,"_1785":1786,"_1787":1788,"_1789":1790},{"_1683":1718,"_1685":1719,"_1687":1720,"_1689":1721,"_1691":1722},{"_1729":1730,"_1731":1732,"_1733":1734,"_1735":1736},"project.title","Project","project.desc","About parlhub: what the portal is, answers to common questions, and how the data fits together.","experiments.title","Experiments","experiments.desc","Experimental analyses and methodology showcases on parlhub, including the Wordfish scaling of parliaments from their speeches.","parlhub home","skip_to_content","Skip to main content","explore","start","Start here","start_desc","Quicklinks to chambers, cantons and communes","project","project_desc","The project at a glance","about_desc","What parlhub is and who is behind it","faq_desc","Answers to common questions","sustainability","Sustainability","sustainability_desc","How parlhub is hosted and what it costs the planet","accessibility","Accessibility","accessibility_desc","What works, what doesn't, and how to report a barrier","traffic_stats","Traffic statistics","traffic_stats_desc","Which parts of the site get requested, and by whom","imprint","Imprint","imprint_desc","Who runs parlhub, contact, and the licenses","github","GitHub","github_desc","The project's source code on GitHub","data_guide","Data guide","data_guide_desc","Every kind of data, in plain terms, with examples","data_map","Data map","data_map_desc","How the data fits together, at a glance","methodology","Methodology","methodology_desc","How each figure is calculated, with links to the code","experiments","experiments_desc","Experimental analyses and methodology write-ups","wordfish","Wordfish scaling","wordfish_desc","Placing members on an axis by the words in their speeches","menu_label","Settings","appearance","Appearance","theme","theme_system","System","theme_light","theme_dark","font_size","Font size","font_size_decrease","Decrease font size","font_size_increase","Increase font size","high_contrast","High contrast","grayscale","Grayscale","interface_language","Interface","content_language","Content language","content_language_auto","Auto (follow interface)","content_language_note","Language of the displayed data (names, titles, texts). 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