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Der Hitzesommer 2026 hatte nicht nur Auswirkungen auf Gesundheit und Wohlbefinden, sondern auch auf die Wirtschaft. Gemäss einer aktuellen Studie des Schweizerischen Städteverbands verursachte die Hitze in der Schweiz allein durch Produktivitätsverluste volkswirtschaftliche Kosten von rund CHF 2,1 Mia.

\r\n

Hohe Temperaturen führen unter anderem zu geringerer Leistungsfähigkeit, zusätzlicher körperlicher Belastung und schlechterem Schlaf. Hinzu kommen mögliche Kosten im Gesundheitswesen, in der Landwirtschaft oder durch Schäden an Infrastruktur und Umwelt.

\r\n

Auch Liechtenstein war im Sommer 2026 über längere Zeit von hohen Temperaturen und mehreren Hitzeperioden betroffen.

\r\n

Dazu meine fünf Fragen:

\r\n

\r\n
Liegen der Regierung Erkenntnisse oder Schätzungen darüber vor, welche volkswirtschaftlichen Kosten die Hitze im Sommer 2026 in Liechtenstein verursacht hat? Falls ja, wie hoch werden diese beziffert und welche Kostenfaktoren werden dabei berücksichtigt?
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\r\n
Verfügt die Regierung über Erkenntnisse zu hitzebedingten Produktivitätsverlusten in der liechtensteinischen Wirtschaft, beispielsweise aufgrund verminderter Leistungsfähigkeit, Arbeitsausfällen oder eingeschränkter Arbeitsmöglichkeiten bei Tätigkeiten im Freien?
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Welche weiteren finanziellen Auswirkungen des Hitzesommers sind der Regierung bekannt, insbesondere in den Bereichen Gesundheit, Landwirtschaft, Energieversorgung, Infrastruktur und Natur/Umwelt?
\r\n
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Falls derzeit keine entsprechenden Zahlen vorliegen: Beabsichtigt die Regierung, die volkswirtschaftlichen Folgen von Hitze und anderen klimabedingten Extremwetterereignissen künftig systematisch zu erfassen beziehungsweise abschätzen zu lassen?
\r\n
\r\n
Fliessen die volkswirtschaftlichen Kosten von zunehmender Hitze heute in die Kosten-Nutzen-Abwägung von Massnahmen zur Klimaanpassung und zum Hitzeschutz ein? Falls ja, in welcher Form?
\r\n

","affair_title",225705,"30515_2_answer","2026-10-02",1790999891000,"Antwort vom 02. Oktober 2026","

zu Frage 1:

\r\n

Der Regierung liegen derzeit keine spezifischen Erhebungen, statistischen Auswertungen oder sonstigen belastbaren Grundlagen vor, anhand derer sich die volkswirtschaftlichen Kosten der Hitze im Sommer 2026 für Liechtenstein beziffern liessen. Die für die Schweiz zitierten Angaben beruhen auf Modellberechnungen; für Liechtenstein liegen keine vergleichbaren Berechnungen vor. Aufgrund der geringen Grösse des Landes sind statistisch belastbare Aussagen nur eingeschränkt möglich.

\r\n

Es ist in diesem Zusammenhang darauf hinzuweisen, dass die Gefährdungs- und Risikoanalyse des Amts für Bevölkerungsschutz vom April 2024 neu ein eigenes Referenzszenario für eine Hitzewelle in Liechtenstein enthält. Dabei wird eine extreme Hitzeperiode von etwa zwei Wochen mit Temperaturen über 35 Grad Celsius angenommen. Die Eintrittshäufigkeit einer solchen Hitzewelle wird auf einmal in 20 Jahren geschätzt. Für dieses Szenario werden die Vermögensschäden und die Kosten der Bewältigung auf zwei Millionen Franken geschätzt. Hinzu kommt eine Reduktion der wirtschaftlichen Leistungsfähigkeit um sieben Millionen Franken. Dieser Betrag wird ausdrücklich auf eine geringere Arbeitsproduktivität zurückgeführt. Der gesamte in Geld bewertete Schaden wird auf rund 35 Millionen Franken geschätzt. Dieses Szenario kann somit gewisse Anhaltspunkte zur Kostenschätzung von hitzebedingten Schäden liefern. Diese Angaben können jedoch nicht mit einer nach statistischen Grundsätzen geführten Erhebung im Nachhinein verglichen werden.

\r\n

zu Frage 2:

\r\n

Der Regierung liegen dazu keine spezifischen Zahlen vor. Daher lassen sich allfällige Produktivitätsverluste nicht belastbar quantifizieren oder nach einzelnen Ursachen aufschlüsseln. Zudem sind hitzebedingte Arbeitsausfälle im Sommer nach geltendem Recht nicht Gegenstand der Schlechtwetterentschädigung, weshalb auch dazu keine Daten vorliegen.

\r\n

zu Frage 3:

\r\n

Der Regierung liegen keine spezifischen Zahlen und Daten zu den konkreten finanziellen Auswirkungen in den genannten Bereichen vor. Deshalb lassen sich keine verlässlichen Aussagen zu deren Umfang machen. Beispielhaft haben sich die hohen Temperaturen auf folgende Bereiche mit möglichen Kostenfolgen ausgewirkt:

\r\n

Die Hitze hat unter anderem zu höheren Betriebskosten für die Kühlung von Gebäuden sowie für die Bewässerung einzelner Umgebungsflächen geführt. Hohe Temperaturen wirken sich auch auf die Strasseninfrastruktur aus. Strassenbeläge werden bei Hitze weicher, wodurch Spurrinnen schneller entstehen können. Der konkrete Einfluss des Hitzesommers lässt sich jedoch nur schwer isoliert beurteilen, da gleichzeitig auch die Verkehrsbelastung kontinuierlich zunimmt. Bei den heute eingesetzten Belagssorten wird daher technisch versucht, sowohl den steigenden Temperaturen als auch der zunehmenden Verkehrsbelastung Rechnung zu tragen.

\r\n

Bei der Energieversorgung sind Mehrkosten unter anderem durch erhöhten Kühlbedarf zu nennen. Bei den LKW führten die deutlich reduzierte Wasserkraftproduktion in Liechtenstein und in weiten Teilen Europas sowie die zeitweise eingeschränkte Verfügbarkeit von Kernkraftwerken zu höheren Kosten für die Beschaffung von Ersatzenergie. Die fehlenden Strommengen mussten kurzfristig durch andere Erzeugungstechnologien, insbesondere Gaskraftwerke, ersetzt werden. Die gestiegenen Strompreise an den Energiemärkten sind jedoch nicht allein auf die trockene Witterung zurückzuführen, sondern werden auch durch die geopolitischen Entwicklungen massgeblich beeinflusst. Weiter ist zu beachten, dass ein tiefer Wasserstand des Rheins insbesondere den Transport von Erdöl und weiteren Energieträgern erschwert und dadurch die Logistik- und Beschaffungskosten erhöhen kann.

\r\n

Im Bereich Gesundheit liegen für Liechtenstein aktuell keine Angaben zur hitzebedingten Übersterblichkeit vor. Zu den hitzebedingten Kosten in der obligatorischen Krankenpflegeversicherung sind keine verlässlichen Aussagen möglich. Die Abrechnungsdaten der Krankenkassen werden von zahlreichen Faktoren beeinflusst, weshalb sich ein eindeutiger Zusammenhang mit der Hitzewelle nicht seriös nachweisen lässt.

\r\n

In Bezug auf die finanziellen Auswirkungen durch Schäden an der Umwelt sind die Gewässer bzw. Wasserlebewesen zu nennen. Es kam bekanntlich zu Fischsterben, der finanzielle Schaden lässt sich jedoch nicht beziffern. Für den Bereich Landwirtschaft und Natur ist im Weiteren festzuhalten, dass Hitze und Trockenheit zu einer raschen Abnahme der Bodenfeuchte führen. Dies schadet den Pflanzen und führt zu Ernteeinbussen oder sogar zu Ernteausfällen und damit zu möglichen Ertrags- und Einkommensverlusten sowie zusätzlichen Aufwendungen für Bewässerung und Futtermittel. Der Wald ist ebenfalls von der Trockenheit 2026 betroffen. Anhaltende Trockenperioden führen zu Wasserstress bei Bäumen und können deren Vitalität sowie Resilienz beeinträchtigen. Geschwächte Bäume sind zudem anfälliger für Folgeschäden wie Schädlingsbefall, Krankheiten sowie zusätzliche Witterungseinflüsse. Trockenschäden werden erst im Frühling 2027 sichtbar, wenn gewisse Bäume abgestorben sind und nicht mehr austreiben. Wie stark die Liechtensteiner Landwirtschaft und der Wald tatsächlich betroffen sind und welche Kosten entsprechende Massnahmen zur Pflege und Wiederherstellung geschädigter Wälder, Gewässer und Grünflächen sowie zur Bewältigung von Trockenheit zur Folge haben, kann zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt nicht abschliessend beurteilt werden.

\r\n

Diese beispielhafte Aufzählung beschreibt mögliche Kostenfolgen im Zusammenhang mit der gestellten Frage. Ob und in welchem Umfang sie durch den Hitzesommer 2026 tatsächlich eingetreten sind, lässt sich – wie eingangs erwähnt - nicht verlässlich feststellen, da keine belastbaren Angaben zu den einzelnen Kostenpositionen oder finanziellen Gesamtauswirkungen vorliegen.

\r\n

zu Frage 4:

\r\n

Eine systematische Erfassung und Abschätzung der volkswirtschaftlichen Folgen in Liechtenstein ist derzeit nicht beabsichtigt. Unabhängig davon setzt sich die Regierung mit den Auswirkungen der sich verändernden klimatischen Bedingungen auseinander und prüft Ansätze, wie besonders betroffene Branchen, Berufsbilder und Arbeitssituationen angemessen angepasst werden können.

\r\n

zu Frage 5:

\r\n

Da die volkswirtschaftlichen Kosten der zunehmenden Hitze derzeit weder separat ausgewiesen noch verlässlich abgeschätzt sind, können sie zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt nicht als eigenständiger Kostenfaktor in die Kosten-Nutzen-Abwägung von Massnahmen zur Klimaanpassung und zum Hitzeschutz einfliessen. Es ist dennoch unbestritten, dass die Klimaveränderungen volkswirtschaftliche Kosten verursachen und daher nicht nur kurzfristige Entlastungsmassnahmen geprüft werden müssen, sondern vor allem auch langfristige wirksame Massnahmen zu treffen sind. Die Regierung verfolgt dabei den Ansatz der Verhältnismässigkeit und des geringstmöglichen Markteingriffs.

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options","sort_begin_date","Start","sort_end_date","End","sort_name","Name","facet_all","All","facet_yes","facet_no","facet_payment","Compensation","facet_body","facet_date_from","From","facet_date_to","To","sort_voting_date","Date","sort_voting_title","Title","facet_vote","Vote","vote_yes","vote_no","vote_abstention","Abstention","sort_date_start","Speech date","sort_date_end","End date","facet_has_video","With video","sort_begin","sort_end","sort_group_name","sort_active","facet_type","Type","facet_active","facet_party","facet_group","facet_gender","facet_chamber","Chamber","chamber_both","Both","facet_deceased","Deceased","sort_firstname","First name","people_title","no_people","No people found.","controls_per_page","Per page","facet_country","Country","facet_electoral_district","country_che","Switzerland","country_lie","also_active_in","controls_search_placeholder_people","Search people…","controls_search_placeholder_alignment","Search members…","controls_search_placeholder_memberships","Search memberships…","controls_search_placeholder_interests","Search interests…","controls_search_placeholder_organizations","Search organizations…","controls_search_placeholder_votes","Search votes…","controls_search_placeholder_access_badges","Search access badges…","controls_search_placeholder_contributors","Search contributions…","controls_search_placeholder_speeches","Search speeches…","controls_search_hint_people","Searches names, place and postcode.","controls_search_hint_groups","Searches name, abbreviation and description.","controls_search_placeholder_groups","Search committees & groups…","controls_search_hint_organizations","Searches the organization name.","controls_search_hint_agendas","Searches title, description, number and category.","controls_search_placeholder_agendas","Search agenda items…","controls_search_hint_alignment","Searches the name of the compared member.","controls_search_hint_memberships","Searches group/body name, function and membership type.","controls_search_hint_interests","Searches organisation name, function and parliamentary group.","controls_search_hint_votes","Searches the voting title and the affair title.","controls_search_hint_access_badges","Searches guests' name and organisation.","controls_search_hint_contributors","Searches the affair title.","controls_search_hint_speeches","Searches the speech text.","controls_sort_status","Sorted by {field}, {direction}","sort_affair_date","Affair date","sort_role","Role","sort_affair_type","Affair type","sort_affair_number","Affair number","sort_valid_from","Valid from","sort_valid_to","Valid until","sort_version","facet_latest","Latest","gender_f","Female","gender_m","Male","gender_d","Diverse","lang_de","German","lang_fr","French","lang_it","Italian","lang_rm","Romansh","lang_en","English","lang_es","Spanish","bodies_title","affairs_title","no_bodies","No institutions found.","facet_has_parliament","With parliament","sort_canton","Canton","sort_position","Order","sort_population","Population","controls_search_placeholder_bodies","Search institutions…","controls_search_hint_bodies","Searches name, canton and key.","body_population","Residents","body_seats","Seats","controls_no_results","No matches for your search.","controls_filter_search","controls_loading","Loading results…","body_section_profile","Profile","body_has_parliament","Has parliament","body_languages","Languages","body_seats_legislative","Seats (legislative)","body_executive","Executive","body_seats_executive","Seats (executive)","body_consultations","Consultations","body_elections_votings","Elections & votings","body_flag","Flag","body_key_label","Body key","body_source_lang","Source language","body_people_directory_title","All people of this institution","body_composition_title","Current composition","body_chambers_title","Chambers","body_votings_title","no_votings","No recorded votings.","controls_search_placeholder_votings","Search votings…","controls_search_hint_votings","body_affairs_title","no_affairs","No recorded affairs.","affair_untitled","Untitled affair","affair_long_title","Full title","affair_number","Number","affair_official_record","affair_external_id","External ID","affair_agenda_section","Agenda items","controls_search_placeholder_affairs","Search affairs…","controls_search_hint_affairs","Searches affair title and affair number.","sort_affair_title","facet_state","State","view_all_votings","View all votings","view_all_affairs","View all affairs","external_link","External link","docs_title","docs_loading","Searching documents…","section_docs","no_docs","No documents.","view_all_docs","View all documents","controls_search_placeholder_docs","Search documents…","controls_search_hint_docs","Searches name and category.","facet_category","Category","facet_format","Format","facet_lang","facet_case","Case sensitive","facet_word","Whole word","facet_match_on","facet_match_off","section_events","no_events","No recorded events.","view_all_events","View full timeline","controls_search_placeholder_events","Search events…","controls_search_hint_events","Searches title, actor and details.","facet_actor_type","Actor type","event_untitled","Event","texts_title","texts_loading","Searching texts…","section_texts","no_texts","No texts.","view_all_texts","View all texts","controls_search_placeholder_texts","Search texts…","controls_search_hint_texts","Searches type and body text.","sort_type","text_untitled","Text","facet_position_country","facet_position_canton","facet_position_city","City","facet_position_commune","Commune","facet_position_other","Other","votings_title","voting_result_section","voting_decision","Decision","voting_meaning_yes","A yes means","voting_meaning_no","A no means","voting_affair","voting_chart_title","How they voted","voting_chart_alt","Seat map of {count} members, coloured by {mode}. {summary}","voting_table_alt","Table of how {count} members voted, one row per member, with their party and parliamentary group.","chart_export","chart_export_title","Export chart","chart_export_failed","Export failed.","chart_exporting","Exporting…","chart_download","Download","chart_close","chart_fullscreen","Fullscreen","chart_title","chart_title_ph","Optional title","chart_subtitle","Subtitle","chart_subtitle_ph","Optional subtitle","chart_colors","Colours & labels","chart_color_for","Colour for","chart_label_for","Label for","chart_reset","chart_order","chart_output","Output","chart_format","chart_theme","Theme","chart_theme_light","Light","chart_theme_dark","Dark","chart_size","Size","chart_options","Options","chart_show_legend","Show legend","chart_transparent","Transparent background","chart_interactive","Interactive","chart_credits","Credit","voting_chart_no_votes","No votes recorded.","voting_chart_seats","seats","voting_chart_no_seatmap","No seat data available.","voting_chart_col_person","Person","voting_chart_col_party","voting_chart_col_group","voting_chart_col_vote","voting_chart_by_party","Vote by party","voting_chart_by_party_seats","Seats by party","voting_chart_colour_by","Colour seats by","voting_chart_majority","Majority","voting_chart_edit","Edit & export","voting_chart_seat_note","Seat positions are illustrative, not the real chamber layout. Open the editor to rearrange the colours, labels and order, and export.","speeches_title","speeches_loading","Searching speeches…","speech_person","Speaker","speech_body","Institution","speech_affair","speech_meeting","groups_title","no_groups","No groups found.","group_untitled","Untitled group","section_meetings","no_meetings","No recorded meetings.","view_all_meetings","View all meetings","meetings_title","meeting_untitled","meeting_upcoming","Upcoming","facet_time","When","facet_upcoming","facet_past","Past","group_abbreviation","Abbreviation","group_description","Description","group_official_record","Official page","group_contact","member_unknown","section_votings","interests_title","interest_details","Details","interest_person","Declared by","interest_body","Granting body","interest_role","interest_type","interest_group","interest_place","Place","interest_period","Period","meeting_details","meeting_type","meeting_state","meeting_number","meeting_location","Location","meeting_period","meeting_group","meeting_body","group_type","description","controls_search_placeholder_meetings","Search meetings …","controls_search_hint_meetings","Name, location or description","section_agendas","no_agendas","No agenda items.","view_all_agendas","View all agenda items","agenda_untitled","speech_speaker_unknown","video","doc_untitled","Document","doc_body","doc_affair","doc_meeting","doc_agenda","section_contributors","Contributors","no_contributors","No contributors.","view_all_contributors","View all contributors","sort_number","topics_title","Most-used words","topics_intro","The words this person uses most across their speeches, with common filler words removed. Tile size shows how often a word is used.","topics_all_time","All time","topics_last_4y","Last 4 years","topics_last_8y","Last 8 years","topics_from","topics_to","topics_speeches","speeches","topics_words","words (filtered)","topics_distinct","distinct words","topics_uses","uses","topics_alt","Treemap of the {count} most-used words, sized by how often each is used. {ctx}","topics_table_alt","Table of the {count} most-used words and how often each is used. {ctx}","topics_table_toggle","Show as table","topics_table_word","Word","topics_empty","No speeches with usable text in this period. Try widening the range.","loyalty_title","Party loyalty","loyalty_subtitle","Share of a member's votes cast against their group's majority line (higher = more independent). Abstentions count as a position.","loyalty_axis","Dissent rate: share of votes against own group","loyalty_dissent","dissent","loyalty_ballots","votes","loyalty_empty","No votes in this period meet the thresholds for a loyalty score. Widen the range.","loyalty_chart_alt","Beeswarm plot of the dissent rate of {count} members, one dot per member, coloured by party. {ctx}","loyalty_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their votes, dissents and dissent rate. {ctx}","loyalty_col_member","loyalty_col_party","loyalty_col_group","loyalty_col_ballots","loyalty_col_dissents","Against","loyalty_col_rate","Dissent","loyalty_from","loyalty_to","loyalty_scale","Scale","loyalty_scale_log","Log","loyalty_scale_linear","Linear","loyalty_filters","Filters","cohesion_title","Group cohesion","cohesion_hint","mean Agreement Index (1 = unanimous)","section_alignment","Voting alignment","no_alignment","Not enough shared votes to compare.","view_all_alignment","View full alignment","alignment_agreed_of_shared","agreed on {agreed} of {shared} shared votes","sort_agreement","Agreement","sort_shared","Shared votes","facet_min_shared","Min. shared","min_shared_10","≥ 10","min_shared_20","≥ 20","min_shared_50","≥ 50","min_shared_100","≥ 100","section_body_alignment","body_alignment_subtitle","How members of this chamber vote relative to one another, from the votes they have in common. In the map, members who vote alike sit close together and opponents far apart. Colours are parties, so blocs and coalitions show up as clusters. The grid gives the average agreement between each pair of parties (the diagonal is each party's own internal cohesion).","alignment_from","alignment_to","alignment_view","View","alignment_view_scatter","Map","alignment_view_heatmap","Party grid","alignment_empty","Not enough votes in this window to build the model.","alignment_window_note","Most meaningful within a single legislative period: the model compares members from the votes they have in common. If the window spans an election or a change in composition, members with different terms barely overlap and positions become less comparable.","alignment_no_parties","No party groups to compare in this window.","alignment_scatter_alt","Scatter plot of {count} members placed by how similarly they voted, coloured by party. {ctx}","alignment_pairs","pairs","alignment_heatmap_note","Each cell is the average agreement between members of the two parties (diagonal = a party's internal cohesion). ± is the 95% confidence range and n the number of member-pairs behind it. A small range over many pairs means the alignment is well-established; a wide range means it's only suggestive.","alignment_heatmap_alt","Grid of the average voting agreement between {count} parties. {ctx}","alignment_members_heading","Members","alignment_members_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their agreement with the chamber and with their own party. {ctx}","alignment_col_member","alignment_col_party","alignment_col_votes","alignment_col_chamber","Aligns with chamber","alignment_col_party_align","Within party","alignment_zoom_in","Zoom in","alignment_zoom_out","Zoom out","alignment_zoom_reset","Reset zoom","alignment_filters","section_lobby","Lobby network","lobby_subtitle","The organizations members of this chamber declare in their register of interests, and where those ties overlap. In the network, members are dots (coloured by party) and organizations shared by two or more members are squares. Members who share the same organizations pull together. The breakdown shows how many mandates are paid versus unpaid, and who holds the most.","lobby_empty","No declared interests for this chamber in this window.","lobby_no_shared","No organizations are shared by two or more members here. See the breakdown.","lobby_network_alt","Network graph of {members} members and the {orgs} organizations they share, linked by declared interests. {ctx}","lobby_mandates","mandates","lobby_members_tied","members","lobby_unknown","Unknown","lobby_org_node","Organization","lobby_payment_heading","Paid vs unpaid mandates","lobby_top_orgs","Most-shared organizations","lobby_top_members","Members by mandates","discussion_title","Speech profiles","discussion_intro","Where members sit on a latent axis derived purely from the words they use in their speeches (Wordfish scaling).","discussion_calculating","Scaling speeches…","lobby_calculating","Computing lobby network…","discussion_error","The speech scaling could not be computed.","discussion_converged","Model converged","discussion_not_converged","Model did not fully converge. Read positions with extra caution.","discussion_members_scored","Members scored","discussion_vocab","Vocabulary","discussion_window","Window","discussion_show_all","discussion_show_reliable","Reliable only","discussion_methodology","How this is computed","discussion_range_label","Time range","discussion_range_1y","1 year","discussion_range_2y","2 years","discussion_range_4y","4 years","discussion_range_8y","8 years","discussion_plot_alt","Beeswarm plot of {count} members placed along a word-choice axis, one dot per member. {ctx}","discussion_plot_caption","Each dot is one member, placed by the words they use in their speeches. Members who reach for the same distinctive words sit close together; members who talk very differently sit far apart. So a member's spot isn't assigned by us; it comes out of how they actually speak. For example, someone who keeps saying “tax”, “budget” and “spending” lands far from someone who mostly says “asylum”, “border” and “integration”. Hover any dot for its details. Filled dots have enough speech to place reliably; hollow rings spoke too little, so read their position with caution.","discussion_empty","No speeches are available for this parliament, so its members can't be placed on the axis. This scaling reads the words members actually speak, and the data set only holds speech transcripts for a few parliaments: the federal chambers and a handful of cantons such as Bern, Basel-Stadt or St. Gallen. You can also try a longer time range above.","discussion_empty_sparse","There is too little speech transcript text for this parliament to place its members on the axis. Try a longer time range above.","discussion_pole_a","One pole","discussion_pole_b","Other pole","discussion_col_party","discussion_key_filled","Enough text (reliable)","discussion_key_ring","Below the word floor (low confidence)","discussion_align_title","Does the axis track party?","discussion_align_hint","How much of the spread in positions is explained by party membership (η²): 100% = parties are perfectly separated, ~0% = party tells you nothing.","discussion_align_strong","parties are clearly separated","discussion_align_moderate","parties are partly separated","discussion_align_weak","party barely explains the axis","discussion_poles_title","What the axis is made of","discussion_poles_hint","The words that most pull members towards each pole. The axis only means something once you read these. Its direction is arbitrary.","discussion_no_party","No party","discussion_col_name","discussion_col_position","Position","discussion_col_words","Words","discussion_col_speeches","discussion_low_confidence","low confidence","discussion_table_title","discussion_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their position on the word-choice axis. {ctx}","discussion_read_title","How to read this","discussion_read_direction","The axis direction is arbitrary: Wordfish finds the split, not which side is “left” or “right”. Read the word poles to see what each side means.","discussion_read_uncertainty","Positions are standardized, so the spread is a convention, not a real distance. Wider error bars (and hollow dots) mean less certainty, so don't over-read those members.","discussion_read_confound","Speech style reflects role as much as ideology: committee chairs, ministers and frequent speakers can land at a pole because of what they do, not only what they believe.","organizations_title","organizations_none","No organizations.","org_members","org_mandates","org_bodies","org_members_heading","org_members_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their party, body, role, payment and period. {ctx}","org_no_members","No members.","org_col_member","org_col_party","org_col_body","org_col_role","org_col_payment","Payment","org_col_period","sort_members","sort_mandates","Mandates","interest_unknown","lobby_panel_person","Declared organizations","lobby_panel_org","Members with this mandate","lobby_table_heading","Who is tied to what","lobby_table_explain","The full matrix marks every member against every shared organization: one dot per declared tie, the exhaustive view of who is tied to what.","lobby_table_large","For this chamber that is","lobby_table_cells","cells","lobby_table_show","Show table","lobby_table_alt","Table marking each of {count} members against the {orgs} organizations they are tied to, one dot per declared tie. {ctx}","lobby_select_hint","Select a member or organization to see its ties.","lobby_filters","lobby_error","The lobby network could not be computed.","lobby_clear_selection","Clear selection","close","not_found_person","Person not found","not_found_body","Parliament not found","not_found_affair","Affair not found","not_found_group","Committee or group not found","not_found_voting","Voting not found","not_found_meeting","Meeting not found","not_found_interest","Interest not found","not_found_organization","Organization not found","not_found_text","Text not found","not_found_doc","Document not found","not_found_speech","Speech not found","not_found_hint","There is no entry with the ID {id}. It may have been removed, or the link may be outdated.","not_found_back","Back to the overview","about","About","faq","FAQ","section_title","section_title_bodies","section_title_affairs","section_title_votings","section_title_texts","section_title_docs","section_subtitle_search","section_subtitle_discussion",{"_1555":1556,"_1572":739,"_1573":1574,"_1575":1576,"_1577":925,"_1256":499,"_1230":299,"_19":503,"_1578":506,"_1561":309,"_1579":1580,"_1581":710,"_1363":259,"_113":269,"_1558":411,"_118":279,"_115":509,"_120":289,"_1582":1035,"_1583":1169,"_1584":1205,"_1585":1169,"_1586":1587,"_1588":1169,"_1589":1590,"_1591":499,"_1592":678,"_1593":1169,"_1594":1576,"_1595":503,"_1562":378,"_1596":1597,"_1168":1169,"_1598":616,"_1181":1169,"_111":514,"_1599":1391,"_1600":1248,"_1601":1286,"_1602":1580,"_1603":1375,"_1563":319,"_1604":1367,"_1605":1169},"section_switcher",{"_1553":1554,"_1555":1556,"_1557":259,"_109":455,"_113":269,"_1558":411,"_1559":345,"_1230":299,"_120":289,"_1560":279,"_1561":309,"_1562":378,"_1563":319,"_1564":1565,"_1566":1567,"_1568":1569,"_1570":1571},"section_title_speeches","section_title_groups","section_title_interests","section_title_meetings","section_title_organizations","label_section","Section","home","Home","people","affairs","groups","documents","interests","meetings","organizations","group_parliament","Actors","group_proceedings","Proceedings","group_records","Records","group_lobbying","Lobbying","search","eyebrow","Data on {{name}}","overview","Overview","personal_data","memberships","access_badges","Lobby","images","texts_overview","text_details","docs_overview","doc_details","votings_overview","Voting","voting_details","voting_diagram","Diagram","voting_tally","speeches_overview","speech_details","groups_overview","contributions","interests_overview","Interest","meetings_overview","vocabulary","loyalty","alignment","lobby","discussion","organizations_overview","org_details",{"_1663":1664,"_1665":1666,"_1607":1667,"_210":1668},"intro",{"_1609":1610,"_1611":1612,"_1613":1614,"_1615":1616,"_1617":1618,"_1619":1620,"_1621":1622},"en",{"_1623":1658,"_1625":1659,"_1627":1660,"_1629":1661,"_1631":1662},"de",{"_1623":1653,"_1625":1654,"_1627":1655,"_1629":1656,"_1631":1657},"fr",{"_1623":1648,"_1625":1649,"_1627":1650,"_1629":1651,"_1631":1652},"it",{"_1623":1643,"_1625":1644,"_1627":1645,"_1629":1646,"_1631":1647},"es",{"_1623":1638,"_1625":1639,"_1627":1640,"_1629":1641,"_1631":1642},"pt",{"_1623":1633,"_1625":1634,"_1627":1635,"_1629":1636,"_1631":1637},"rm",{"_1623":1624,"_1625":1626,"_1627":1628,"_1629":1630,"_1631":1632},"cookie","Nus duvrain mo cookies essenzials e funcziunals. Nagina analitica, nagin tracking.","dataLang","La Svizra ha quatter linguas naziunalas, e questas datas datti en pliras da quellas. Intgins records èn plurilings, auters mo en ina lingua. Vus pudais tscherner en tge lingua ch'il cuntegn vegn mussà; sche vossa tscherna n'è betg disponibla per in record, vegnan duvradas las autras linguas en in urden da prioritad fix. Quai è independent da la lingua da l'interfatscha. As lascha reglar sut Configuraziuns › Lingua dal cuntegn (sura a dretga).","alt","Questa pagina è era disponibla per rumantsch.","switch","Mussar per rumantsch","dismiss","Betg pli mussar","Utilizamos apenas cookies essenciais e funcionais. Sem análises, sem rastreio.","A Suíça tem quatro línguas nacionais, e estes dados existem em várias delas. Alguns registos estão em várias línguas, outros apenas numa. Pode escolher em que idioma os conteúdos são apresentados; quando a sua escolha não está disponível para um registo, as restantes línguas são usadas por uma ordem de prioridade fixa. Isto é independente do idioma da interface. Configure em Definições › Idioma dos conteúdos (canto superior direito).","Esta página também está disponível em português.","Ver em português","Não mostrar novamente","Solo utilizamos cookies esenciales y funcionales. Sin análisis, sin seguimiento.","Suiza tiene cuatro lenguas nacionales, y estos datos existen en varias de ellas. Algunos registros están en varias lenguas, otros en una sola. Puede elegir en qué idioma se muestra el contenido; cuando su elección no está disponible para un registro, se utilizan las demás lenguas en un orden de prioridad fijo. Esto es independiente del idioma de la interfaz. Configúrelo en Ajustes › Idioma del contenido (arriba a la derecha).","Esta página también está disponible en español.","Ver en español","No volver a mostrar","Utilizziamo solo cookie essenziali e funzionali. Nessuna analisi, nessun tracciamento.","La Svizzera ha quattro lingue nazionali e questi dati esistono in diverse di esse. Alcune voci sono in più lingue, altre in una sola. Puoi scegliere in quale lingua mostrare i contenuti; se la tua scelta non è disponibile per una voce, vengono usate le altre lingue secondo un ordine di priorità prestabilito. Questo è indipendente dalla lingua dell'interfaccia. Impostabile in Impostazioni › Lingua del contenuto (in alto a destra).","Questa pagina è disponibile anche in italiano.","Vedi in italiano","Non mostrare più","Nous utilisons uniquement des cookies essentiels et fonctionnels. Aucune analyse, aucun suivi.","La Suisse a quatre langues nationales, et ces données existent dans plusieurs d'entre elles. Certaines entrées sont en plusieurs langues, d'autres dans une seule. Vous pouvez choisir la langue d'affichage du contenu ; si votre choix n'est pas disponible pour une entrée, les autres langues sont utilisées selon un ordre de priorité défini. Ceci est indépendant de la langue de l'interface. Réglable dans Paramètres › Langue du contenu (en haut à droite).","Cette page est aussi disponible en français.","Voir en français","Ne plus afficher","Wir verwenden nur essenzielle, funktionale Cookies. Keine Analyse, kein Tracking.","Die Schweiz hat vier Landessprachen, und diese Daten liegen in mehreren davon vor. Manche Einträge sind mehrsprachig, andere nur in einer Sprache. Sie können wählen, in welcher Sprache die Inhalte angezeigt werden; ist Ihre Wahl für einen Eintrag nicht verfügbar, werden die übrigen Sprachen in einer festen Prioritätsreihenfolge verwendet. Dies ist unabhängig von der Oberflächensprache. Einstellbar unter Einstellungen › Inhaltssprache (oben rechts).","Diese Seite ist auch auf Deutsch verfügbar.","Auf Deutsch anzeigen","Nicht mehr anzeigen","We use only essential, functional cookies. No analytics, no tracking.","Switzerland has four national languages, and this data comes in several of them. Some records are in multiple languages, some in only one. You can choose which language the content is shown in; when your choice isn't available for a record, the remaining languages are used in a set priority order. This is independent of the interface language. Set it under Settings › Content language (top right).","This page is also available in English.","View in English","Don't show again","settings",{"_1731":1732,"_1733":1734,"_1735":1090,"_1736":1737,"_1738":1092,"_1739":1094,"_1740":1741,"_1742":1743,"_1744":1745,"_1746":1747,"_1748":1749,"_564":565,"_1750":1751,"_1752":1753,"_1754":1755,"_1756":1757,"_1758":1759},"nav",{"_1555":1677,"_1678":1679,"_1680":614,"_1681":1682,"_1683":1684,"_1564":1565,"_1566":1567,"_1568":1569,"_1570":1571,"_1557":259,"_109":455,"_1559":345,"_1558":411,"_113":269,"_1562":378,"_1230":299,"_120":289,"_1560":279,"_1561":309,"_1563":319,"_1685":1670,"_1686":1687,"_1533":1534,"_1688":1689,"_1535":1536,"_1690":1691,"_1692":1693,"_1694":1695,"_1696":1697,"_1698":1699,"_1700":1701,"_1702":1703,"_1704":1705,"_1706":1707,"_1708":1709,"_1710":1711,"_1712":1713,"_1714":1715,"_1716":1717,"_1718":1719,"_1720":1721,"_1722":1723,"_1724":1674,"_1725":1726,"_1727":1728,"_1729":1730},{"_1623":1658,"_1625":1659,"_1627":1660,"_1629":1661,"_1631":1662},{"_1669":1670,"_1671":1672,"_1673":1674,"_1675":1676},"project.title","Project","project.desc","About parlhub: what the portal is, answers to common questions, and how the data fits together.","experiments.title","Experiments","experiments.desc","Experimental analyses and methodology showcases on parlhub, including the Wordfish scaling of parliaments from their speeches.","parlhub home","skip_to_content","Skip to main content","explore","start","Start here","start_desc","Quicklinks to chambers, cantons and communes","project","project_desc","The project at a glance","about_desc","What parlhub is and who is behind it","faq_desc","Answers to common questions","sustainability","Sustainability","sustainability_desc","How parlhub is hosted and what it costs the planet","accessibility","Accessibility","accessibility_desc","What works, what doesn't, and how to report a barrier","traffic_stats","Traffic statistics","traffic_stats_desc","Which parts of the site get requested, and by whom","imprint","Imprint","imprint_desc","Who runs parlhub, contact, and the licenses","github","GitHub","github_desc","The project's source code on GitHub","data_guide","Data guide","data_guide_desc","Every kind of data, in plain terms, with examples","data_map","Data map","data_map_desc","How the data fits together, at a glance","methodology","Methodology","methodology_desc","How each figure is calculated, with links to the code","experiments","experiments_desc","Experimental analyses and methodology write-ups","wordfish","Wordfish scaling","wordfish_desc","Placing members on an axis by the words in their speeches","menu_label","Settings","appearance","Appearance","theme","theme_system","System","theme_light","theme_dark","font_size","Font size","font_size_decrease","Decrease font size","font_size_increase","Increase font size","high_contrast","High contrast","grayscale","Grayscale","interface_language","Interface","content_language","Content language","content_language_auto","Auto (follow interface)","content_language_note","Language of the displayed data (names, titles, texts). Independent of the interface; when a record isn't available, the next language is used.","content_language_priority","Priority",{"_1735":1761,"_1740":1762,"_1763":167,"_1764":161,"_1765":161,"_1766":167,"_1767":-5},"system",100,"show_cookie_consent_message","ui_high_contrast","ui_grayscale","msg_lang_hint","content_lang"]