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IT-Sicherheit ist nicht erst seit dem bei uns noch in schlechtester Erinnerung verbliebenen Angriff auf die Universität Liechtenstein ein grosses Thema. Liechtenstein hat 2023 aufgrund einer EWR-Richtlinie ein Cybersicherheitsgesetz erlassen. Jüngste Ereignisse in Europa stimmen bezüglich Cyberangriffen nicht zuversichtlich. So wurde Luxemburg kürzlich Opfer eines Cyberangriffs. Verschiedene IT-Systeme des Landes waren im März Ziel einer Attacke. Mehrere Webseiten waren zeitweise nicht verfügbar. Bei dem Angriff handelte es sich um einen DDOS-Angriff, also ein Angriff, der die Computerressourcen der Ziele überlastet. Ende März ist schliesslich auch in Frankreich ein jihadistischer Hacker an zahlreichen Schulen in die digitale Lernplattform eingedrungen und schickte Schülern in Frankreich Enthauptungsvideos und Bombendrohungen. Hierzu meine Fragen:

\r\n

Gab es solche Cyberattacken beziehungsweise versuchte Cyberattacken in den letzten Monaten auch auf die IT der liechtensteinischen Landesverwaltungen oder Schulen?
Was hat die Regierung konkret gegen solche Cyberattacken auf die Landesverwaltung und die Schulen vorgekehrt?
Werden regelmässige Tests dazu durchgeführt und wie sind die Ergebnisse?
Wie ist der Umsetzungsstand beziehungsweise wie sind die Erfahrungen mit dem Cybersicherheitsgesetz vom 4. Mai 2023, das die kritische Infrastruktur schützen soll?

\r\n

","affair_title",206071,"27124_2_answer","2024-04-12","Antwort vom 12. April 2024","

Zu Frage 1:

\r\n

Cyberangriffe gehören in der heutigen Zeit leider zum Alltag. Hiervon sind nicht nur öffentliche Verwaltungen, sondern auch privatwirtschaftliche Unternehmen, Schulen und Universitäten sowie Privatpersonen betroffen. Die IT Systeme der Landesverwaltung und der Schulen sind ständig Cyber-Angriffen ausgesetzt. In Zuge der angespannten geopolitischen Lage wurde sowohl eine deutliche Zunahme der Anzahl Angriffe als auch eine Veränderung der Qualität der Angriffe festgestellt. So finden sich nicht nur generische Angriffsmuster, sondern auch Angriffsmuster, die gezielt auf Liechtenstein zielen.

\r\n

Bisher waren wir weder mit massiven DDoS Attacken noch mit dem Spoofing von jihadistischen Inhalten konfrontiert.

\r\n

Zu Frage 2:

\r\n

Wie in der Vergangenheit bereits mehrfach bei der Beantwortung von Kleinen Anfragen ausgeführt, werden zur Abwehr solcher Cyberattacken eine Vielzahl von organisatorischen wie auch technischen Massnahmen ergriffen. Diese Massnahmen betreffen den Schutz der gesamten Infrastruktur als auch den Schutz einzelner Systeme.

\r\n

Details zu den ergriffenen und umgesetzten Massnahmen gibt die Regierung keine an, da diese Ausführungen durch einen potentiellen Angreifer missbraucht werden könnten.

\r\n

Zu erwähnen ist, dass Informationssicherheit und Cybersicherheit dynamische Prozesse sind und keine statischen Zustände. Da sich sowohl die verwalteten Systeme, der Stand der Technik, die Schwachstellen und Verwundbarkeiten als auch die Bedrohungslagen ständig ändern, muss sich die Informationssicherheit und die Cybersicherheit ständig diesen ändernden Gegebenheiten anpassen. Die Herausforderung besteht nun darin, mit den vorhandenen Ressourcen die aktuellen Sicherheitsthemen risikobasiert zu adressieren.

\r\n

Zu Frage 3:

\r\n

Audits und Penetrationstests werden durch das Amt für Informatik regelmässig in Auftrag gegeben. Diese werden durch eine unabhängige spezialisierte Firma nach einem international anerkannten Standard durchgeführt. Beispielsweise werden im Rahmen von Projekten Penetrationstests für sämtliche Systeme mit erhöhtem Schutzbedarf routinemässig durchgeführt. Weiters werden Schwachstellenscanner und andere Werkzeuge eingesetzt, die mögliche Angriffsvektoren und Schwachstellen toolbasiert erkennen. Daneben führt die Finanzkontrolle gemeinsam mit externen Revisionsgesellschaften regelmässige Audits von Informatik-Projekten durch. Neben Governance Themen stehen dabei auch technische Zweckmässigkeit und Informationssicherheit im Fokus.

\r\n

Die durchgeführten Tests bescheinigen der LLV ein gutes, durchdachtes Sicherheitsdispositiv, welches die entsprechenden Gefahren mit organisatorischen wie auch technischen Massnahmen risikobasiert mitigiert. Dies wird auch regelmässig durch Audits von externen Behörden und Organisationen wie bspw. der Europäischen Kommission im Rahmen Schengen/Dublin, des Sicherheitsverbundes der Schweiz oder der OECD bestätigt. Obwohl diese Audits mehrheitlich die Sicherheitsmassnahmen spezifischer Systeme und/oder Umgebungen überprüfen, wird dabei der ganzheitliche Ansatz des internen Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) selbstverständlich in die Überprüfung miteinbezogen.

\r\n

Zu Frage 4:

\r\n

Das Cyber-Sicherheitsgesetz (CSG) trat am 1. Juli 2023 sowie die entsprechende Verordnung im September 2023 in Kraft. Die Verordnung definiert näher, welche Unternehmen in Liechtenstein als sogenannte Betreiber wesentlicher Dienste zu qualifizieren sind und welche Unternehmen in weiterer Folge geeignete und verhältnismässige technische und organisatorische Sicherheitsnassnahmen einzuhalten haben. Die Betreiber wesentlicher Dienste wurden durch die Stabsstelle Cyber-Sicherheit identifiziert und Ende 2023 fand bereits das erste Vernetzungstreffen statt. Die Stabsstelle steht im ständigen Kontakt mit den Betreibern. Gemeinsam mit der Universität Liechtenstein erarbeitete die Stabsstelle Cyber-Sicherheit eine Methodik zur Messung der Resilienz von Unternehmen. In einem ersten Schritt soll noch vor der Sommerpause die Resilienz, sprich die Widerstandsfähigkeit der kritischen Infrastruktur in Liechtenstein, wozu auch die LLV zählt, erhoben und bewertet werden.

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Tile size shows how often a word is used.","topics_all_time","All time","topics_last_4y","Last 4 years","topics_last_8y","Last 8 years","topics_from","topics_to","topics_speeches","speeches","topics_words","words (filtered)","topics_distinct","distinct words","topics_uses","uses","topics_alt","Treemap of the {count} most-used words, sized by how often each is used. {ctx}","topics_table_alt","Table of the {count} most-used words and how often each is used. {ctx}","topics_table_toggle","Show as table","topics_table_word","Word","topics_empty","No speeches with usable text in this period. Try widening the range.","loyalty_title","Party loyalty","loyalty_subtitle","Share of a member's votes cast against their group's majority line (higher = more independent). Abstentions count as a position.","loyalty_axis","Dissent rate: share of votes against own group","loyalty_dissent","dissent","loyalty_ballots","votes","loyalty_empty","No votes in this period meet the thresholds for a loyalty score. Widen the range.","loyalty_chart_alt","Beeswarm plot of the dissent rate of {count} members, one dot per member, coloured by party. {ctx}","loyalty_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their votes, dissents and dissent rate. {ctx}","loyalty_col_member","loyalty_col_party","loyalty_col_group","loyalty_col_ballots","loyalty_col_dissents","Against","loyalty_col_rate","Dissent","loyalty_from","loyalty_to","loyalty_scale","Scale","loyalty_scale_log","Log","loyalty_scale_linear","Linear","loyalty_filters","Filters","cohesion_title","Group cohesion","cohesion_hint","mean Agreement Index (1 = unanimous)","section_alignment","Voting alignment","no_alignment","Not enough shared votes to compare.","view_all_alignment","View full alignment","alignment_agreed_of_shared","agreed on {agreed} of {shared} shared votes","sort_agreement","Agreement","sort_shared","Shared votes","facet_min_shared","Min. shared","min_shared_10","≥ 10","min_shared_20","≥ 20","min_shared_50","≥ 50","min_shared_100","≥ 100","section_body_alignment","body_alignment_subtitle","How members of this chamber vote relative to one another, from the votes they have in common. In the map, members who vote alike sit close together and opponents far apart. Colours are parties, so blocs and coalitions show up as clusters. The grid gives the average agreement between each pair of parties (the diagonal is each party's own internal cohesion).","alignment_from","alignment_to","alignment_view","View","alignment_view_scatter","Map","alignment_view_heatmap","Party grid","alignment_empty","Not enough votes in this window to build the model.","alignment_window_note","Most meaningful within a single legislative period: the model compares members from the votes they have in common. If the window spans an election or a change in composition, members with different terms barely overlap and positions become less comparable.","alignment_no_parties","No party groups to compare in this window.","alignment_scatter_alt","Scatter plot of {count} members placed by how similarly they voted, coloured by party. {ctx}","alignment_pairs","pairs","alignment_heatmap_note","Each cell is the average agreement between members of the two parties (diagonal = a party's internal cohesion). ± is the 95% confidence range and n the number of member-pairs behind it. A small range over many pairs means the alignment is well-established; a wide range means it's only suggestive.","alignment_heatmap_alt","Grid of the average voting agreement between {count} parties. {ctx}","alignment_members_heading","Members","alignment_members_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their agreement with the chamber and with their own party. {ctx}","alignment_col_member","alignment_col_party","alignment_col_votes","alignment_col_chamber","Aligns with chamber","alignment_col_party_align","Within party","alignment_zoom_in","Zoom in","alignment_zoom_out","Zoom out","alignment_zoom_reset","Reset zoom","alignment_filters","section_lobby","Lobby network","lobby_subtitle","The organizations members of this chamber declare in their register of interests, and where those ties overlap. In the network, members are dots (coloured by party) and organizations shared by two or more members are squares. Members who share the same organizations pull together. The breakdown shows how many mandates are paid versus unpaid, and who holds the most.","lobby_empty","No declared interests for this chamber in this window.","lobby_no_shared","No organizations are shared by two or more members here. See the breakdown.","lobby_network_alt","Network graph of {members} members and the {orgs} organizations they share, linked by declared interests. {ctx}","lobby_mandates","mandates","lobby_members_tied","members","lobby_unknown","Unknown","lobby_org_node","Organization","lobby_payment_heading","Paid vs unpaid mandates","lobby_top_orgs","Most-shared organizations","lobby_top_members","Members by mandates","discussion_title","Speech profiles","discussion_intro","Where members sit on a latent axis derived purely from the words they use in their speeches (Wordfish scaling).","discussion_calculating","Scaling speeches…","lobby_calculating","Computing lobby network…","discussion_error","The speech scaling could not be computed.","discussion_converged","Model converged","discussion_not_converged","Model did not fully converge. Read positions with extra caution.","discussion_members_scored","Members scored","discussion_vocab","Vocabulary","discussion_window","Window","discussion_show_all","discussion_show_reliable","Reliable only","discussion_methodology","How this is computed","discussion_range_label","Time range","discussion_range_1y","1 year","discussion_range_2y","2 years","discussion_range_4y","4 years","discussion_range_8y","8 years","discussion_plot_alt","Beeswarm plot of {count} members placed along a word-choice axis, one dot per member. {ctx}","discussion_plot_caption","Each dot is one member, placed by the words they use in their speeches. Members who reach for the same distinctive words sit close together; members who talk very differently sit far apart. So a member's spot isn't assigned by us; it comes out of how they actually speak. For example, someone who keeps saying “tax”, “budget” and “spending” lands far from someone who mostly says “asylum”, “border” and “integration”. Hover any dot for its details. Filled dots have enough speech to place reliably; hollow rings spoke too little, so read their position with caution.","discussion_empty","No speeches are available for this parliament, so its members can't be placed on the axis. This scaling reads the words members actually speak, and the data set only holds speech transcripts for a few parliaments: the federal chambers and a handful of cantons such as Bern, Basel-Stadt or St. Gallen. You can also try a longer time range above.","discussion_empty_sparse","There is too little speech transcript text for this parliament to place its members on the axis. Try a longer time range above.","discussion_pole_a","One pole","discussion_pole_b","Other pole","discussion_col_party","discussion_key_filled","Enough text (reliable)","discussion_key_ring","Below the word floor (low confidence)","discussion_align_title","Does the axis track party?","discussion_align_hint","How much of the spread in positions is explained by party membership (η²): 100% = parties are perfectly separated, ~0% = party tells you nothing.","discussion_align_strong","parties are clearly separated","discussion_align_moderate","parties are partly separated","discussion_align_weak","party barely explains the axis","discussion_poles_title","What the axis is made of","discussion_poles_hint","The words that most pull members towards each pole. The axis only means something once you read these. Its direction is arbitrary.","discussion_no_party","No party","discussion_col_name","discussion_col_position","Position","discussion_col_words","Words","discussion_col_speeches","discussion_low_confidence","low confidence","discussion_table_title","discussion_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their position on the word-choice axis. {ctx}","discussion_read_title","How to read this","discussion_read_direction","The axis direction is arbitrary: Wordfish finds the split, not which side is “left” or “right”. Read the word poles to see what each side means.","discussion_read_uncertainty","Positions are standardized, so the spread is a convention, not a real distance. Wider error bars (and hollow dots) mean less certainty, so don't over-read those members.","discussion_read_confound","Speech style reflects role as much as ideology: committee chairs, ministers and frequent speakers can land at a pole because of what they do, not only what they believe.","organizations_title","organizations_none","No organizations.","org_members","org_mandates","org_bodies","org_members_heading","org_members_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their party, body, role, payment and period. {ctx}","org_no_members","No members.","org_col_member","org_col_party","org_col_body","org_col_role","org_col_payment","Payment","org_col_period","sort_members","sort_mandates","Mandates","interest_unknown","lobby_panel_person","Declared organizations","lobby_panel_org","Members with this mandate","lobby_table_heading","Who is tied to what","lobby_table_explain","The full matrix marks every member against every shared organization: one dot per declared tie, the exhaustive view of who is tied to what.","lobby_table_large","For this chamber that is","lobby_table_cells","cells","lobby_table_show","Show table","lobby_table_alt","Table marking each of {count} members against the {orgs} organizations they are tied to, one dot per declared tie. {ctx}","lobby_select_hint","Select a member or organization to see its ties.","lobby_filters","lobby_error","The lobby network could not be computed.","lobby_clear_selection","Clear selection","close","not_found_person","Person not found","not_found_body","Parliament not found","not_found_affair","Affair not found","not_found_group","Committee or group not found","not_found_voting","Voting not found","not_found_meeting","Meeting not found","not_found_interest","Interest not found","not_found_organization","Organization not found","not_found_text","Text not found","not_found_doc","Document not found","not_found_speech","Speech not found","not_found_hint","There is no entry with the ID {id}. It may have been removed, or the link may be outdated.","not_found_back","Back to the overview","about","About","faq","FAQ","section_title","section_title_bodies","section_title_affairs","section_title_votings","section_title_texts","section_title_docs","section_subtitle_search","section_subtitle_discussion",{"_1549":1550,"_1566":733,"_1567":1568,"_1569":1570,"_1571":919,"_1250":493,"_1224":293,"_76":497,"_1572":500,"_1555":303,"_1573":1574,"_1575":704,"_1357":253,"_72":263,"_1552":405,"_19":273,"_74":503,"_79":283,"_1576":1029,"_1577":1163,"_1578":1199,"_1579":1163,"_1580":1581,"_1582":1163,"_1583":1584,"_1585":493,"_1586":672,"_1587":1163,"_1588":1570,"_1589":497,"_1556":372,"_1590":1591,"_1162":1163,"_1592":610,"_1175":1163,"_70":508,"_1593":1385,"_1594":1242,"_1595":1280,"_1596":1574,"_1597":1369,"_1557":313,"_1598":1361,"_1599":1163},"section_switcher",{"_1547":1548,"_1549":1550,"_1551":253,"_68":449,"_72":263,"_1552":405,"_1553":339,"_1224":293,"_79":283,"_1554":273,"_1555":303,"_1556":372,"_1557":313,"_1558":1559,"_1560":1561,"_1562":1563,"_1564":1565},"section_title_speeches","section_title_groups","section_title_interests","section_title_meetings","section_title_organizations","label_section","Section","home","Home","people","affairs","groups","documents","interests","meetings","organizations","group_parliament","Actors","group_proceedings","Proceedings","group_records","Records","group_lobbying","Lobbying","search","eyebrow","Data on {{name}}","overview","Overview","personal_data","memberships","access_badges","Lobby","images","texts_overview","text_details","docs_overview","doc_details","votings_overview","Voting","voting_details","voting_diagram","Diagram","voting_tally","speeches_overview","speech_details","groups_overview","contributions","interests_overview","Interest","meetings_overview","vocabulary","loyalty","alignment","lobby","discussion","organizations_overview","org_details",{"_1657":1658,"_1659":1660,"_1601":1661,"_204":1662},"intro",{"_1603":1604,"_1605":1606,"_1607":1608,"_1609":1610,"_1611":1612,"_1613":1614,"_1615":1616},"en",{"_1617":1652,"_1619":1653,"_1621":1654,"_1623":1655,"_1625":1656},"de",{"_1617":1647,"_1619":1648,"_1621":1649,"_1623":1650,"_1625":1651},"fr",{"_1617":1642,"_1619":1643,"_1621":1644,"_1623":1645,"_1625":1646},"it",{"_1617":1637,"_1619":1638,"_1621":1639,"_1623":1640,"_1625":1641},"es",{"_1617":1632,"_1619":1633,"_1621":1634,"_1623":1635,"_1625":1636},"pt",{"_1617":1627,"_1619":1628,"_1621":1629,"_1623":1630,"_1625":1631},"rm",{"_1617":1618,"_1619":1620,"_1621":1622,"_1623":1624,"_1625":1626},"cookie","Nus duvrain mo cookies essenzials e funcziunals. Nagina analitica, nagin tracking.","dataLang","La Svizra ha quatter linguas naziunalas, e questas datas datti en pliras da quellas. Intgins records èn plurilings, auters mo en ina lingua. Vus pudais tscherner en tge lingua ch'il cuntegn vegn mussà; sche vossa tscherna n'è betg disponibla per in record, vegnan duvradas las autras linguas en in urden da prioritad fix. Quai è independent da la lingua da l'interfatscha. As lascha reglar sut Configuraziuns › Lingua dal cuntegn (sura a dretga).","alt","Questa pagina è era disponibla per rumantsch.","switch","Mussar per rumantsch","dismiss","Betg pli mussar","Utilizamos apenas cookies essenciais e funcionais. Sem análises, sem rastreio.","A Suíça tem quatro línguas nacionais, e estes dados existem em várias delas. Alguns registos estão em várias línguas, outros apenas numa. Pode escolher em que idioma os conteúdos são apresentados; quando a sua escolha não está disponível para um registo, as restantes línguas são usadas por uma ordem de prioridade fixa. Isto é independente do idioma da interface. Configure em Definições › Idioma dos conteúdos (canto superior direito).","Esta página também está disponível em português.","Ver em português","Não mostrar novamente","Solo utilizamos cookies esenciales y funcionales. Sin análisis, sin seguimiento.","Suiza tiene cuatro lenguas nacionales, y estos datos existen en varias de ellas. Algunos registros están en varias lenguas, otros en una sola. Puede elegir en qué idioma se muestra el contenido; cuando su elección no está disponible para un registro, se utilizan las demás lenguas en un orden de prioridad fijo. Esto es independiente del idioma de la interfaz. 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Certaines entrées sont en plusieurs langues, d'autres dans une seule. Vous pouvez choisir la langue d'affichage du contenu ; si votre choix n'est pas disponible pour une entrée, les autres langues sont utilisées selon un ordre de priorité défini. Ceci est indépendant de la langue de l'interface. Réglable dans Paramètres › Langue du contenu (en haut à droite).","Cette page est aussi disponible en français.","Voir en français","Ne plus afficher","Wir verwenden nur essenzielle, funktionale Cookies. Keine Analyse, kein Tracking.","Die Schweiz hat vier Landessprachen, und diese Daten liegen in mehreren davon vor. Manche Einträge sind mehrsprachig, andere nur in einer Sprache. Sie können wählen, in welcher Sprache die Inhalte angezeigt werden; ist Ihre Wahl für einen Eintrag nicht verfügbar, werden die übrigen Sprachen in einer festen Prioritätsreihenfolge verwendet. Dies ist unabhängig von der Oberflächensprache. Einstellbar unter Einstellungen › Inhaltssprache (oben rechts).","Diese Seite ist auch auf Deutsch verfügbar.","Auf Deutsch anzeigen","Nicht mehr anzeigen","We use only essential, functional cookies. No analytics, no tracking.","Switzerland has four national languages, and this data comes in several of them. Some records are in multiple languages, some in only one. You can choose which language the content is shown in; when your choice isn't available for a record, the remaining languages are used in a set priority order. This is independent of the interface language. Set it under Settings › Content language (top right).","This page is also available in English.","View in English","Don't show again","settings",{"_1725":1726,"_1727":1728,"_1729":1084,"_1730":1731,"_1732":1086,"_1733":1088,"_1734":1735,"_1736":1737,"_1738":1739,"_1740":1741,"_1742":1743,"_558":559,"_1744":1745,"_1746":1747,"_1748":1749,"_1750":1751,"_1752":1753},"nav",{"_1549":1671,"_1672":1673,"_1674":608,"_1675":1676,"_1677":1678,"_1558":1559,"_1560":1561,"_1562":1563,"_1564":1565,"_1551":253,"_68":449,"_1553":339,"_1552":405,"_72":263,"_1556":372,"_1224":293,"_79":283,"_1554":273,"_1555":303,"_1557":313,"_1679":1664,"_1680":1681,"_1527":1528,"_1682":1683,"_1529":1530,"_1684":1685,"_1686":1687,"_1688":1689,"_1690":1691,"_1692":1693,"_1694":1695,"_1696":1697,"_1698":1699,"_1700":1701,"_1702":1703,"_1704":1705,"_1706":1707,"_1708":1709,"_1710":1711,"_1712":1713,"_1714":1715,"_1716":1717,"_1718":1668,"_1719":1720,"_1721":1722,"_1723":1724},{"_1617":1652,"_1619":1653,"_1621":1654,"_1623":1655,"_1625":1656},{"_1663":1664,"_1665":1666,"_1667":1668,"_1669":1670},"project.title","Project","project.desc","About parlhub: what the portal is, answers to common questions, and how the data fits together.","experiments.title","Experiments","experiments.desc","Experimental analyses and methodology showcases on parlhub, including the Wordfish scaling of parliaments from their speeches.","parlhub home","skip_to_content","Skip to main content","explore","start","Start here","start_desc","Quicklinks to chambers, cantons and communes","project","project_desc","The project at a glance","about_desc","What parlhub is and who is behind it","faq_desc","Answers to common questions","sustainability","Sustainability","sustainability_desc","How parlhub is hosted and what it costs the planet","accessibility","Accessibility","accessibility_desc","What works, what doesn't, and how to report a barrier","traffic_stats","Traffic statistics","traffic_stats_desc","Which parts of the site get requested, and by whom","imprint","Imprint","imprint_desc","Who runs parlhub, contact, and the licenses","github","GitHub","github_desc","The project's source code on GitHub","data_guide","Data guide","data_guide_desc","Every kind of data, in plain terms, with examples","data_map","Data map","data_map_desc","How the data fits together, at a glance","methodology","Methodology","methodology_desc","How each figure is calculated, with links to the code","experiments","experiments_desc","Experimental analyses and methodology write-ups","wordfish","Wordfish scaling","wordfish_desc","Placing members on an axis by the words in their speeches","menu_label","Settings","appearance","Appearance","theme","theme_system","System","theme_light","theme_dark","font_size","Font size","font_size_decrease","Decrease font size","font_size_increase","Increase font size","high_contrast","High contrast","grayscale","Grayscale","interface_language","Interface","content_language","Content language","content_language_auto","Auto (follow interface)","content_language_note","Language of the displayed data (names, titles, texts). Independent of the interface; when a record isn't available, the next language is used.","content_language_priority","Priority",{"_1729":1755,"_1734":1756,"_1757":162,"_1758":156,"_1759":156,"_1760":162,"_1761":-5},"system",100,"show_cookie_consent_message","ui_high_contrast","ui_grayscale","msg_lang_hint","content_lang"]