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Die Künstliche Intelligenz, kurz KI, entwickelt beziehungsweise verändert sich fortlaufend und sehr schnell und hält Einzug in diverse Bereiche. Die KI benötigt Daten und ist nur so gut, wie es die Datensätze sind, die dafür genutzt werden. In Kombination mit Big Data kommt es zu riesigen Datenansammlungen, die unter anderem sehr begehrt bei entsprechenden Konzernen sind. Dazu zählen die Pharma-Industrie, Versicherungen usw. Hierzu folgende Fragen an die Regierung:

\r\n

Welche gesetzlichen Grundlagen gelten im Bereich der Künstlichen Intelligenz in Liechtenstein?
Da es sich um eine globale Thematik handelt, gibt es bereits gesetzliche Grundlagen im Bereich der Künstlichen Intelligenz in der EU?
Wem gehören persönliche Daten, wer darf damit arbeiten beziehungsweise diese vermarkten?
Wie kann der Inhaber eines elektronischen Gesundheitsdossiers verhindern, dass seine Gesundheitsdaten in anonymisierter Form an Dritte, zum Beispiel Forschungsinstitutionen oder Technologiekonzerne, weitergereicht werden?
Welche Sicherungsmassnahmen zur Verhinderung von Datenmissbrauch gelten in Sachen KI?

","affair_title",205925,"Antwort vom 07. Dezember 2023","

Zu Frage 1:

\r\n

Auch wenn es für eine neue Technologie wie die Künstliche Intelligenz auch in Liechtenstein (noch) keinen speziellen, dedizierten Rechtsrahmen gibt, operiert sie dennoch nicht im rechtsfreien Raum. In Liechtenstein gelten auch für den Bereich der Künstlichen Intelligenz verschiedene allgemeine Gesetze und Regelungen, die – abhängig von den konkreten KI-Anwendungsbereichen und Inhalten – Anwendung finden können.

\r\n

Alle bestehenden Gesetze und Bestimmungen, wie beispielsweise die Datenschutzgesetzgebung, Urheberrecht und geistiges Eigentum, Haftungsrecht, Arbeitsrecht sowie Regelungen zu Nichtdiskriminierung und Ethik, sind somit auch auf neue Technologien anwendbar und gültig.

\r\n

In Liechtenstein, wie in vielen anderen Ländern, wird die Notwendigkeit einer spezifischeren Gesetzgebung im Bereich KI diskutiert, um den besonderen Herausforderungen und Potentialen dieser Technologie gerecht zu werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist geplant, die EU-KI-Verordnung in das EWR-Abkommen zu übernehmen, was bedeutet, dass die künftigen Regelungen der Europäischen Union im Bereich Künstliche Intelligenz auch in Liechtenstein Anwendung finden werden. Dieser Schritt wird zu spezifischeren Regelungen oder Anpassungen bestehender Gesetze im Einklang mit den europäischen Standards führen.

\r\n

Zu Frage 2:

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Der erste Entwurf der EU-KI-Verordnung wurde im April 2021 veröffentlicht. Dieser Entwurf verbindet traditionelle Produktsicherheitsansätze mit der Berücksichtigung eines breiten Spektrums an Grundrechten, die durch Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) beeinflusst werden. Es handelt sich dabei um einen risikobasierten Ansatz, der den Schutz fundamentaler Rechte einschliesst. Insbesondere mit dem Aufkommen fortschrittlicher Technologien wie ChatGPT im letzten Jahr wurde die Notwendigkeit deutlich, die Komplexität und Anpassungsfähigkeit von Basismodellen und Large-Language-Models (LLMs) durch ergänzende Bestimmungen zu adressieren. Im revidierten Entwurf, der im Juni 2023 vorgestellt wurde, wird generative KI, wie sie in Modellen wie ChatGPT verwendet wird, nun explizit erfasst. Dieser Entwurf befindet sich derzeit in der finalen Verhandlungsphase in den EU-Gremien. Abhängig vom Zeitpunkt der Einigung auf EU-Ebene wird ersichtlich, wann und in welcher Form eine KI-Regulierung in der EU/EWR in Kraft treten könnte.

\r\n

In Liechtenstein verfolgen wir diese Entwicklungen aufmerksam und beteiligen uns aktiv am internationalen Diskurs.

\r\n

Zu Frage 3:

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Grundsätzlich «gehören» personenbezogene Daten der betroffenen Person selbst. Wenn eine andere Person oder private oder öffentliche Institution personenbezogene Daten verarbeiten möchte, muss sie sich auf einen Rechtfertigungsgrund in Art. 6 Abs. 1 Datenschutz-Grundverordnung (DSGVO) stützen bzw. im Falle besonderer Kategorien von personenbezogenen Daten auf einen Grund in Art. 9 Abs. 2 DSGVO. Sprich, es muss entweder die Einwilligung der betroffenen Person vorliegen, die Daten für eine Vertragserfüllung erforderlich sein, eine rechtliche Verpflichtung zur Datenverarbeitung vorliegen, die Verarbeitung lebenswichtigen Interessen dienen, für eine öffentliche Aufgabe erforderlich sein oder durch die berechtigten Interessen des Datenverarbeiters gedeckt sein. Art. 9 Abs. 2 DSGVO nennt noch einige weitere Gründe.

\r\n

Im konkreten Fall einer «Vermarktung» ist in den meisten Fällen die Einwilligung erforderlich. Nur in sehr engen Grenzen und nach einer sehr sorgfältigen Abwägung der jeweiligen Interessen könnten eventuell auch die berechtigten Interessen als Rechtsgrundlage für die Verarbeitung dienen.

\r\n

Zu Frage 4:

\r\n

Grundsätzlich gelten Daten dann als anonymisiert, wenn jeglicher Bezug zu einer natürlichen Person ausgeschlossen ist und somit die betreffende natürliche Person nicht mehr identifizierbar ist. Es handelt sich in diesem Fall nicht mehr um personenbezogene Daten und die DSGVO findet keine Anwendung.

\r\n

Nichtsdestotrotz ist eine Weitergabe von Daten, ob im Klartext oder anonymisiert, im elektronischen Gesundheitsdossier nicht vorgesehen. Dies stellte die Datenschutzstelle (DSS) mit inzwischen rechtskräftiger Verfügung vom 19. Juni 2023 unmissverständlich fest, indem sie ausführte, dass «der in Art. 1 Abs. 2 des Gesetzes vom 7. Mai 2021 über das elektronische Gesundheitsdossier (EGDG) genannte Zweck des elektronischen Gesundheitsdossiers keine Datenverarbeitung auf Grundlage von Art. 9 Abs. 2 Bst. j DSGVO zu Forschungszwecken, Archivierung oder statistischen Zwecken erlaubt.

\r\n

Zu Frage 5:

\r\n

Wenn ein Verantwortlicher mittels KI personenbezogene Daten verarbeitet, so gelten dafür ebenfalls die Regeln des Datenschutzes nach DSGVO und liechtensteinischem Datenschutzgesetz (DSG). Das heisst, es ist auch hier zu beachten, dass personenbezogene Daten nur mit einer legitimen Rechtsgrundlage nach Art. 6 Abs. 1 und eventuell Art. 9 Abs. 2 DSGVO sowie unter Einhaltung aller anderen Grundsätze aus Art. 5 DSGVO verarbeitet werden dürfen. Dazu gehören auch die Grundsätze des Privacy by Design und by Default, wonach die Technologie bereits in der Designphase mit datenschutzfreundlichen Voreinstellungen ausgestattet werden muss und während des Betriebs die dem Stand der Technik entsprechenden Sicherheitsmassnahmen implementiert sein müssen. In Bezug auf die Anwendung sind gegebenenfalls auch die strengen Bestimmungen zu automatisierten Einzelfallentscheidungen einschliesslich Profiling gemäss Art. 22 DSGVO zu beachten. Und schliesslich müssen vom Verantwortlichen trotz des Einsatzes von KI auch sämtliche Betroffenenrechte nach DSGVO gewährt werden können.

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word","facet_match_on","facet_match_off","section_events","no_events","No recorded events.","view_all_events","View full timeline","controls_search_placeholder_events","Search events…","controls_search_hint_events","Searches title, actor and details.","facet_actor_type","Actor type","event_untitled","Event","texts_title","texts_loading","Searching texts…","section_texts","no_texts","No texts.","view_all_texts","View all texts","controls_search_placeholder_texts","Search texts…","controls_search_hint_texts","Searches type and body text.","sort_type","text_untitled","Text","facet_position_country","facet_position_canton","facet_position_city","City","facet_position_commune","Commune","facet_position_other","Other","votings_title","voting_result_section","voting_decision","Decision","voting_meaning_yes","A yes means","voting_meaning_no","A no means","voting_affair","voting_chart_title","How they voted","voting_chart_alt","Seat map of {count} members, coloured by {mode}. {summary}","voting_table_alt","Table of how {count} members voted, one row per member, with their party and parliamentary group.","chart_export","chart_export_title","Export chart","chart_export_failed","Export failed.","chart_exporting","Exporting…","chart_download","Download","chart_close","chart_fullscreen","Fullscreen","chart_title","chart_title_ph","Optional title","chart_subtitle","Subtitle","chart_subtitle_ph","Optional subtitle","chart_colors","Colours & labels","chart_color_for","Colour for","chart_label_for","Label for","chart_reset","chart_order","chart_output","Output","chart_format","chart_theme","Theme","chart_theme_light","Light","chart_theme_dark","Dark","chart_size","Size","chart_options","Options","chart_show_legend","Show legend","chart_transparent","Transparent background","chart_interactive","Interactive","chart_credits","Credit","voting_chart_no_votes","No votes recorded.","voting_chart_seats","seats","voting_chart_no_seatmap","No seat data available.","voting_chart_col_person","Person","voting_chart_col_party","voting_chart_col_group","voting_chart_col_vote","voting_chart_by_party","Vote by party","voting_chart_by_party_seats","Seats by party","voting_chart_colour_by","Colour seats by","voting_chart_majority","Majority","voting_chart_edit","Edit & export","voting_chart_seat_note","Seat positions are illustrative, not the real chamber layout. Open the editor to rearrange the colours, labels and order, and export.","speeches_title","speeches_loading","Searching speeches…","speech_person","Speaker","speech_body","Institution","speech_affair","speech_meeting","groups_title","no_groups","No groups found.","group_untitled","Untitled group","section_meetings","no_meetings","No recorded meetings.","view_all_meetings","View all meetings","meetings_title","meeting_untitled","meeting_upcoming","Upcoming","facet_time","When","facet_upcoming","facet_past","Past","group_abbreviation","Abbreviation","group_description","Description","group_official_record","Official page","group_contact","member_unknown","section_votings","interests_title","interest_details","Details","interest_person","Declared by","interest_body","Granting body","interest_role","interest_type","interest_group","interest_place","Place","interest_period","Period","meeting_details","meeting_type","meeting_state","meeting_number","meeting_location","Location","meeting_period","meeting_group","meeting_body","group_type","description","controls_search_placeholder_meetings","Search meetings …","controls_search_hint_meetings","Name, location or description","section_agendas","no_agendas","No agenda items.","view_all_agendas","View all agenda items","agenda_untitled","speech_speaker_unknown","video","doc_untitled","Document","doc_body","doc_affair","doc_meeting","doc_agenda","section_contributors","Contributors","no_contributors","No contributors.","view_all_contributors","View all contributors","sort_number","topics_title","Most-used words","topics_intro","The words this person uses most across their speeches, with common filler words removed. Tile size shows how often a word is used.","topics_all_time","All time","topics_last_4y","Last 4 years","topics_last_8y","Last 8 years","topics_from","topics_to","topics_speeches","speeches","topics_words","words (filtered)","topics_distinct","distinct words","topics_uses","uses","topics_alt","Treemap of the {count} most-used words, sized by how often each is used. {ctx}","topics_table_alt","Table of the {count} most-used words and how often each is used. {ctx}","topics_table_toggle","Show as table","topics_table_word","Word","topics_empty","No speeches with usable text in this period. Try widening the range.","loyalty_title","Party loyalty","loyalty_subtitle","Share of a member's votes cast against their group's majority line (higher = more independent). Abstentions count as a position.","loyalty_axis","Dissent rate: share of votes against own group","loyalty_dissent","dissent","loyalty_ballots","votes","loyalty_empty","No votes in this period meet the thresholds for a loyalty score. Widen the range.","loyalty_chart_alt","Beeswarm plot of the dissent rate of {count} members, one dot per member, coloured by party. {ctx}","loyalty_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their votes, dissents and dissent rate. {ctx}","loyalty_col_member","loyalty_col_party","loyalty_col_group","loyalty_col_ballots","loyalty_col_dissents","Against","loyalty_col_rate","Dissent","loyalty_from","loyalty_to","loyalty_scale","Scale","loyalty_scale_log","Log","loyalty_scale_linear","Linear","loyalty_filters","Filters","cohesion_title","Group cohesion","cohesion_hint","mean Agreement Index (1 = unanimous)","section_alignment","Voting alignment","no_alignment","Not enough shared votes to compare.","view_all_alignment","View full alignment","alignment_agreed_of_shared","agreed on {agreed} of {shared} shared votes","sort_agreement","Agreement","sort_shared","Shared votes","facet_min_shared","Min. shared","min_shared_10","≥ 10","min_shared_20","≥ 20","min_shared_50","≥ 50","min_shared_100","≥ 100","section_body_alignment","body_alignment_subtitle","How members of this chamber vote relative to one another, from the votes they have in common. In the map, members who vote alike sit close together and opponents far apart. Colours are parties, so blocs and coalitions show up as clusters. The grid gives the average agreement between each pair of parties (the diagonal is each party's own internal cohesion).","alignment_from","alignment_to","alignment_view","View","alignment_view_scatter","Map","alignment_view_heatmap","Party grid","alignment_empty","Not enough votes in this window to build the model.","alignment_window_note","Most meaningful within a single legislative period: the model compares members from the votes they have in common. If the window spans an election or a change in composition, members with different terms barely overlap and positions become less comparable.","alignment_no_parties","No party groups to compare in this window.","alignment_scatter_alt","Scatter plot of {count} members placed by how similarly they voted, coloured by party. {ctx}","alignment_pairs","pairs","alignment_heatmap_note","Each cell is the average agreement between members of the two parties (diagonal = a party's internal cohesion). ± is the 95% confidence range and n the number of member-pairs behind it. A small range over many pairs means the alignment is well-established; a wide range means it's only suggestive.","alignment_heatmap_alt","Grid of the average voting agreement between {count} parties. {ctx}","alignment_members_heading","Members","alignment_members_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their agreement with the chamber and with their own party. {ctx}","alignment_col_member","alignment_col_party","alignment_col_votes","alignment_col_chamber","Aligns with chamber","alignment_col_party_align","Within party","alignment_zoom_in","Zoom in","alignment_zoom_out","Zoom out","alignment_zoom_reset","Reset zoom","alignment_filters","section_lobby","Lobby network","lobby_subtitle","The organizations members of this chamber declare in their register of interests, and where those ties overlap. In the network, members are dots (coloured by party) and organizations shared by two or more members are squares. Members who share the same organizations pull together. The breakdown shows how many mandates are paid versus unpaid, and who holds the most.","lobby_empty","No declared interests for this chamber in this window.","lobby_no_shared","No organizations are shared by two or more members here. See the breakdown.","lobby_network_alt","Network graph of {members} members and the {orgs} organizations they share, linked by declared interests. {ctx}","lobby_mandates","mandates","lobby_members_tied","members","lobby_unknown","Unknown","lobby_org_node","Organization","lobby_payment_heading","Paid vs unpaid mandates","lobby_top_orgs","Most-shared organizations","lobby_top_members","Members by mandates","discussion_title","Speech profiles","discussion_intro","Where members sit on a latent axis derived purely from the words they use in their speeches (Wordfish scaling).","discussion_calculating","Scaling speeches…","lobby_calculating","Computing lobby network…","discussion_error","The speech scaling could not be computed.","discussion_converged","Model converged","discussion_not_converged","Model did not fully converge. Read positions with extra caution.","discussion_members_scored","Members scored","discussion_vocab","Vocabulary","discussion_window","Window","discussion_show_all","discussion_show_reliable","Reliable only","discussion_methodology","How this is computed","discussion_range_label","Time range","discussion_range_1y","1 year","discussion_range_2y","2 years","discussion_range_4y","4 years","discussion_range_8y","8 years","discussion_plot_alt","Beeswarm plot of {count} members placed along a word-choice axis, one dot per member. {ctx}","discussion_plot_caption","Each dot is one member, placed by the words they use in their speeches. Members who reach for the same distinctive words sit close together; members who talk very differently sit far apart. So a member's spot isn't assigned by us; it comes out of how they actually speak. For example, someone who keeps saying “tax”, “budget” and “spending” lands far from someone who mostly says “asylum”, “border” and “integration”. Hover any dot for its details. Filled dots have enough speech to place reliably; hollow rings spoke too little, so read their position with caution.","discussion_empty","No speeches are available for this parliament, so its members can't be placed on the axis. This scaling reads the words members actually speak, and the data set only holds speech transcripts for a few parliaments: the federal chambers and a handful of cantons such as Bern, Basel-Stadt or St. Gallen. You can also try a longer time range above.","discussion_empty_sparse","There is too little speech transcript text for this parliament to place its members on the axis. Try a longer time range above.","discussion_pole_a","One pole","discussion_pole_b","Other pole","discussion_col_party","discussion_key_filled","Enough text (reliable)","discussion_key_ring","Below the word floor (low confidence)","discussion_align_title","Does the axis track party?","discussion_align_hint","How much of the spread in positions is explained by party membership (η²): 100% = parties are perfectly separated, ~0% = party tells you nothing.","discussion_align_strong","parties are clearly separated","discussion_align_moderate","parties are partly separated","discussion_align_weak","party barely explains the axis","discussion_poles_title","What the axis is made of","discussion_poles_hint","The words that most pull members towards each pole. The axis only means something once you read these. Its direction is arbitrary.","discussion_no_party","No party","discussion_col_name","discussion_col_position","Position","discussion_col_words","Words","discussion_col_speeches","discussion_low_confidence","low confidence","discussion_table_title","discussion_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their position on the word-choice axis. {ctx}","discussion_read_title","How to read this","discussion_read_direction","The axis direction is arbitrary: Wordfish finds the split, not which side is “left” or “right”. Read the word poles to see what each side means.","discussion_read_uncertainty","Positions are standardized, so the spread is a convention, not a real distance. Wider error bars (and hollow dots) mean less certainty, so don't over-read those members.","discussion_read_confound","Speech style reflects role as much as ideology: committee chairs, ministers and frequent speakers can land at a pole because of what they do, not only what they believe.","organizations_title","organizations_none","No organizations.","org_members","org_mandates","org_bodies","org_members_heading","org_members_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their party, body, role, payment and period. {ctx}","org_no_members","No members.","org_col_member","org_col_party","org_col_body","org_col_role","org_col_payment","Payment","org_col_period","sort_members","sort_mandates","Mandates","interest_unknown","lobby_panel_person","Declared organizations","lobby_panel_org","Members with this mandate","lobby_table_heading","Who is tied to what","lobby_table_explain","The full matrix marks every member against every shared organization: one dot per declared tie, the exhaustive view of who is tied to what.","lobby_table_large","For this chamber that is","lobby_table_cells","cells","lobby_table_show","Show table","lobby_table_alt","Table marking each of {count} members against the {orgs} organizations they are tied to, one dot per declared tie. {ctx}","lobby_select_hint","Select a member or organization to see its ties.","lobby_filters","lobby_error","The lobby network could not be computed.","lobby_clear_selection","Clear selection","close","not_found_person","Person not found","not_found_body","Parliament not found","not_found_affair","Affair not found","not_found_group","Committee or group not found","not_found_voting","Voting not found","not_found_meeting","Meeting not found","not_found_interest","Interest not found","not_found_organization","Organization not found","not_found_text","Text not found","not_found_doc","Document not found","not_found_speech","Speech not found","not_found_hint","There is no entry with the ID {id}. It may have been removed, or the link may be outdated.","not_found_back","Back to the overview","about","About","faq","FAQ","section_title","section_title_bodies","section_title_affairs","section_title_votings","section_title_texts","section_title_docs","section_subtitle_search","section_subtitle_discussion",{"_1553":1554,"_1570":737,"_1571":1572,"_1573":1574,"_1575":923,"_1254":497,"_1228":297,"_106":501,"_1576":504,"_1559":307,"_1577":1578,"_1579":708,"_1361":257,"_103":267,"_1556":409,"_108":277,"_19":507,"_110":287,"_1580":1033,"_1581":1167,"_1582":1203,"_1583":1167,"_1584":1585,"_1586":1167,"_1587":1588,"_1589":497,"_1590":676,"_1591":1167,"_1592":1574,"_1593":501,"_1560":376,"_1594":1595,"_1166":1167,"_1596":614,"_1179":1167,"_101":512,"_1597":1389,"_1598":1246,"_1599":1284,"_1600":1578,"_1601":1373,"_1561":317,"_1602":1365,"_1603":1167},"section_switcher",{"_1551":1552,"_1553":1554,"_1555":257,"_99":453,"_103":267,"_1556":409,"_1557":343,"_1228":297,"_110":287,"_1558":277,"_1559":307,"_1560":376,"_1561":317,"_1562":1563,"_1564":1565,"_1566":1567,"_1568":1569},"section_title_speeches","section_title_groups","section_title_interests","section_title_meetings","section_title_organizations","label_section","Section","home","Home","people","affairs","groups","documents","interests","meetings","organizations","group_parliament","Actors","group_proceedings","Proceedings","group_records","Records","group_lobbying","Lobbying","search","eyebrow","Data on {{name}}","overview","Overview","personal_data","memberships","access_badges","Lobby","images","texts_overview","text_details","docs_overview","doc_details","votings_overview","Voting","voting_details","voting_diagram","Diagram","voting_tally","speeches_overview","speech_details","groups_overview","contributions","interests_overview","Interest","meetings_overview","vocabulary","loyalty","alignment","lobby","discussion","organizations_overview","org_details",{"_1661":1662,"_1663":1664,"_1605":1665,"_208":1666},"intro",{"_1607":1608,"_1609":1610,"_1611":1612,"_1613":1614,"_1615":1616,"_1617":1618,"_1619":1620},"en",{"_1621":1656,"_1623":1657,"_1625":1658,"_1627":1659,"_1629":1660},"de",{"_1621":1651,"_1623":1652,"_1625":1653,"_1627":1654,"_1629":1655},"fr",{"_1621":1646,"_1623":1647,"_1625":1648,"_1627":1649,"_1629":1650},"it",{"_1621":1641,"_1623":1642,"_1625":1643,"_1627":1644,"_1629":1645},"es",{"_1621":1636,"_1623":1637,"_1625":1638,"_1627":1639,"_1629":1640},"pt",{"_1621":1631,"_1623":1632,"_1625":1633,"_1627":1634,"_1629":1635},"rm",{"_1621":1622,"_1623":1624,"_1625":1626,"_1627":1628,"_1629":1630},"cookie","Nus duvrain mo cookies essenzials e funcziunals. Nagina analitica, nagin tracking.","dataLang","La Svizra ha quatter linguas naziunalas, e questas datas datti en pliras da quellas. Intgins records èn plurilings, auters mo en ina lingua. Vus pudais tscherner en tge lingua ch'il cuntegn vegn mussà; sche vossa tscherna n'è betg disponibla per in record, vegnan duvradas las autras linguas en in urden da prioritad fix. Quai è independent da la lingua da l'interfatscha. As lascha reglar sut Configuraziuns › Lingua dal cuntegn (sura a dretga).","alt","Questa pagina è era disponibla per rumantsch.","switch","Mussar per rumantsch","dismiss","Betg pli mussar","Utilizamos apenas cookies essenciais e funcionais. Sem análises, sem rastreio.","A Suíça tem quatro línguas nacionais, e estes dados existem em várias delas. Alguns registos estão em várias línguas, outros apenas numa. Pode escolher em que idioma os conteúdos são apresentados; quando a sua escolha não está disponível para um registo, as restantes línguas são usadas por uma ordem de prioridade fixa. Isto é independente do idioma da interface. Configure em Definições › Idioma dos conteúdos (canto superior direito).","Esta página também está disponível em português.","Ver em português","Não mostrar novamente","Solo utilizamos cookies esenciales y funcionales. Sin análisis, sin seguimiento.","Suiza tiene cuatro lenguas nacionales, y estos datos existen en varias de ellas. Algunos registros están en varias lenguas, otros en una sola. Puede elegir en qué idioma se muestra el contenido; cuando su elección no está disponible para un registro, se utilizan las demás lenguas en un orden de prioridad fijo. Esto es independiente del idioma de la interfaz. Configúrelo en Ajustes › Idioma del contenido (arriba a la derecha).","Esta página también está disponible en español.","Ver en español","No volver a mostrar","Utilizziamo solo cookie essenziali e funzionali. Nessuna analisi, nessun tracciamento.","La Svizzera ha quattro lingue nazionali e questi dati esistono in diverse di esse. Alcune voci sono in più lingue, altre in una sola. Puoi scegliere in quale lingua mostrare i contenuti; se la tua scelta non è disponibile per una voce, vengono usate le altre lingue secondo un ordine di priorità prestabilito. Questo è indipendente dalla lingua dell'interfaccia. Impostabile in Impostazioni › Lingua del contenuto (in alto a destra).","Questa pagina è disponibile anche in italiano.","Vedi in italiano","Non mostrare più","Nous utilisons uniquement des cookies essentiels et fonctionnels. Aucune analyse, aucun suivi.","La Suisse a quatre langues nationales, et ces données existent dans plusieurs d'entre elles. Certaines entrées sont en plusieurs langues, d'autres dans une seule. Vous pouvez choisir la langue d'affichage du contenu ; si votre choix n'est pas disponible pour une entrée, les autres langues sont utilisées selon un ordre de priorité défini. Ceci est indépendant de la langue de l'interface. Réglable dans Paramètres › Langue du contenu (en haut à droite).","Cette page est aussi disponible en français.","Voir en français","Ne plus afficher","Wir verwenden nur essenzielle, funktionale Cookies. Keine Analyse, kein Tracking.","Die Schweiz hat vier Landessprachen, und diese Daten liegen in mehreren davon vor. Manche Einträge sind mehrsprachig, andere nur in einer Sprache. Sie können wählen, in welcher Sprache die Inhalte angezeigt werden; ist Ihre Wahl für einen Eintrag nicht verfügbar, werden die übrigen Sprachen in einer festen Prioritätsreihenfolge verwendet. Dies ist unabhängig von der Oberflächensprache. Einstellbar unter Einstellungen › Inhaltssprache (oben rechts).","Diese Seite ist auch auf Deutsch verfügbar.","Auf Deutsch anzeigen","Nicht mehr anzeigen","We use only essential, functional cookies. No analytics, no tracking.","Switzerland has four national languages, and this data comes in several of them. Some records are in multiple languages, some in only one. You can choose which language the content is shown in; when your choice isn't available for a record, the remaining languages are used in a set priority order. This is independent of the interface language. Set it under Settings › Content language (top right).","This page is also available in English.","View in English","Don't show again","settings",{"_1729":1730,"_1731":1732,"_1733":1088,"_1734":1735,"_1736":1090,"_1737":1092,"_1738":1739,"_1740":1741,"_1742":1743,"_1744":1745,"_1746":1747,"_562":563,"_1748":1749,"_1750":1751,"_1752":1753,"_1754":1755,"_1756":1757},"nav",{"_1553":1675,"_1676":1677,"_1678":612,"_1679":1680,"_1681":1682,"_1562":1563,"_1564":1565,"_1566":1567,"_1568":1569,"_1555":257,"_99":453,"_1557":343,"_1556":409,"_103":267,"_1560":376,"_1228":297,"_110":287,"_1558":277,"_1559":307,"_1561":317,"_1683":1668,"_1684":1685,"_1531":1532,"_1686":1687,"_1533":1534,"_1688":1689,"_1690":1691,"_1692":1693,"_1694":1695,"_1696":1697,"_1698":1699,"_1700":1701,"_1702":1703,"_1704":1705,"_1706":1707,"_1708":1709,"_1710":1711,"_1712":1713,"_1714":1715,"_1716":1717,"_1718":1719,"_1720":1721,"_1722":1672,"_1723":1724,"_1725":1726,"_1727":1728},{"_1621":1656,"_1623":1657,"_1625":1658,"_1627":1659,"_1629":1660},{"_1667":1668,"_1669":1670,"_1671":1672,"_1673":1674},"project.title","Project","project.desc","About parlhub: what the portal is, answers to common questions, and how the data fits together.","experiments.title","Experiments","experiments.desc","Experimental analyses and methodology showcases on parlhub, including the Wordfish scaling of parliaments from their speeches.","parlhub home","skip_to_content","Skip to main content","explore","start","Start here","start_desc","Quicklinks to chambers, cantons and communes","project","project_desc","The project at a glance","about_desc","What parlhub is and who is behind it","faq_desc","Answers to common questions","sustainability","Sustainability","sustainability_desc","How parlhub is hosted and what it costs the planet","accessibility","Accessibility","accessibility_desc","What works, what doesn't, and how to report a barrier","traffic_stats","Traffic statistics","traffic_stats_desc","Which parts of the site get requested, and by whom","imprint","Imprint","imprint_desc","Who runs parlhub, contact, and the licenses","github","GitHub","github_desc","The project's source code on GitHub","data_guide","Data guide","data_guide_desc","Every kind of data, in plain terms, with examples","data_map","Data map","data_map_desc","How the data fits together, at a glance","methodology","Methodology","methodology_desc","How each figure is calculated, with links to the code","experiments","experiments_desc","Experimental analyses and methodology write-ups","wordfish","Wordfish scaling","wordfish_desc","Placing members on an axis by the words in their speeches","menu_label","Settings","appearance","Appearance","theme","theme_system","System","theme_light","theme_dark","font_size","Font size","font_size_decrease","Decrease font size","font_size_increase","Increase font size","high_contrast","High contrast","grayscale","Grayscale","interface_language","Interface","content_language","Content language","content_language_auto","Auto (follow interface)","content_language_note","Language of the displayed data (names, titles, texts). Independent of the interface; when a record isn't available, the next language is used.","content_language_priority","Priority",{"_1733":1759,"_1738":1760,"_1761":67,"_1762":54,"_1763":54,"_1764":67,"_1765":-5},"system",100,"show_cookie_consent_message","ui_high_contrast","ui_grayscale","msg_lang_hint","content_lang"]