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Gegenwärtig erleben wir einen rasanten technologischen Wandel. Die Informationsgesellschaft ist von einer grossen Dynamik geprägt. Zum einen hinkt der Gesetzgeber sehr oft hinter diesen Entwicklungen her. Zum anderen wird die wirtschaftliche Zukunft in wichtigen Bereichen davon abhängen, ob vonseiten des Staates möglichst gute Voraussetzungen für die Entwicklung der neuen Technologien geschaffen werden.

Die EU-Kommission hat kürzlich die Initiative \"eEurope - Eine Informationsgesellschaft für alle\" gestartet. In einer Mitteilung der Kommission für den EU-Sondergipfel vom 23./24. März 2000 in Lissabon sind in den folgenden Bereichen Zielsetzungen formuliert, die in den Mitgliedstaaten innerhalb eines vorgegebenen Zeitrahmens umgesetzt werden sollen:

- Überführung von Europas Jugend ins digitale Zeitalter;

- billigerer Internet-Zugang;

- Förderung des E-Commerce;

- rascher Internet-Zugang für Wissenschafter und Studenten;

- intelligente Chipkarten für sicheren elektronischen Zugang;

- Risikokapital für KMU im Bereich der Hochtechnologie;

- Ausrichtung der Informationstechnologien auf Behinderte;

- Gesundheitsvorsorge über das Netz;

- intelligenter Verkehr;

- Regierungen am Netz.

Die Auswahl der von der EU anvisierten Bereiche zeigt auf, dass mit den neuen Technologien zahlreichen Gebieten massgebliche Veränderungen im Interesse von Gesellschaft und Wirtschaft angestrebt werden. Dabei ist davon auszugehen, dass die Liste der EU bei weitem nicht alle möglichen Gebiete umfasst.

Tatsache bleibt, dass die EU-Initiative der ganzen Entwicklung nicht einfach freien Lauf lässt, sondern sie gestaltet und ihr damit zusätzliche Dynamik verleiht. Damit ist auch die Schweiz gefordert, sich möglichst rasch eine gute Ausgangslage für die künftige Entwicklung von Gesellschaft und Wirtschaft zu schaffen. So müssen z. B. für den Bereich des E-Commerce rasch klare rechtliche Bedingungen geschaffen werden. Rechtliche Unsicherheiten oder auch ein Nachhinken gegenüber der EU-Regelung würden die Entwicklung des E-Commerce in der Schweiz stark beeinträchtigen.

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Kürzlich hat die EU-Kommission die Initiative \"eEurope - Eine Informationsgesellschaft für alle\" gestartet. Im Weiteren wurde in verschiedenen Richtlinien der elektronische Geschäftsverkehr (E-Commerce) geregelt. Zudem soll künftig die Dienstleistungs- und Niederlassungsfreiheit auch für Internet-Angebote gelten. Das bedeutet, dass solche Dienste in der gesamten EU angeboten werden dürfen, wenn sie die gesetzlichen Vorschriften des Herkunftslandes erfüllen.

In diesem Zusammenhang frage ich den Bundesrat:

1. Wie beurteilt er die Initiative \"eEurope\"?

2. Was unternimmt die Schweiz auf den verschiedenen in der Initiative \"eEurope\" angesprochenen Gebieten, damit sie in diesem für Gesellschaft und Wirtschaft wichtigen Bereich nicht ins Hintertreffen gerät?

3. Was unternimmt die Schweiz im Besonderen in Bezug auf eine möglichst rasche Regelung des rechtlichen Rahmens für den Bereich E-Commerce?

4. Sieht der Bundesrat in Bereichen, die in der EU-Initiative nicht enthalten sind, Handlungsbedarf?

5. Wie ist die Koordination zwischen den verschiedenen beteiligten Departementen geregelt?

6. Wie sieht der vorgesehene Zeitplan aus?

",24094,"19993632_1","Titel des Geschäftes",24095,"19993632_14","Antwort BR / Büro","

Der Bundesrat hat die Initiative \"eEurope - Eine Informationsgesellschaft für alle\" (Mitteilung über eine Initiative der Kommission für den EU-Sondergipfel vom 23./24. März 2000 in Lissabon) mit grossem Interesse zur Kenntnis genommen und sie im Zusammenhang mit der \"Strategie für eine Informationsgesellschaft in der Schweiz\" vom 18. Februar 1998 geprüft.

1. Während der Strategie des Bundesrates das Primat der Privatwirtschaft zugrunde liegt, verfolgt die EU-Kommission eine zumindest teilweise andere Stossrichtung: Sie versteht sich selbst als treibende Kraft, welche \"alle in Europa - jeden Bürger, jedes Unternehmen - so rasch als möglich ans Netz bringen will\". Die Initiative konzentriert sich damit auf so genannte vorrangige - in ihrer Konkretisierung sehr unterschiedlich ausgestaltete - Aktionen, die aber vergleichbar sind mit den vom Bundesrat vorrangig zur Realisierung empfohlenen Aktionen (Bundesratsbeschluss vom 23. Juni 1999 zum Bericht der Koordinationsgruppe Informationsgesellschaft, KIG, vom 14. April 1999).

2. Die KIG-Supportstelle hat die Umsetzungsergebnisse der Bundesratsstrategie mit den einzelnen Massnahmen der europäischen Initiative verglichen (Kurzanalyse vom 19. Januar 2000: \"eEurope - Eine Informationsgesellschaft für alle\" und \"Strategie für eine Informationsgesellschaft in der Schweiz\", publiziert auf http://www.isps.ch). Diese Kurzanalyse kommt zum Schluss, dass die Schweiz vor allem in den folgenden beiden Bereichen signifikante Defizite aufweist und ein entsprechender Handlungsbedarf vorliegt:

- Bildungswesen, insbesondere primärer und sekundärer Bereich: Die Hauptanstrengungen des Staates im Bereich der Informationsgesellschaft sollten eigentlich der Jugend gelten. Aufgrund der kantonalen Zuständigkeiten hat der Bund aber gerade in diesem Bereich kaum Handlungsmöglichkeiten. Kommt hinzu, dass die nötigen Mittel (man spricht von dreistelligen Millionenbeträgen) dem Bund zurzeit ohnehin nicht zur Verfügung stehen. Hier sind denn in erster Linie die Kantone bzw. ist die Schweizerische Konferenz der kantonalen Erziehungsdirektoren gefordert.

- E-government: Die Anwendungen des Bundes im Bereich des elektronischen Kontaktes zu den Bürgerinnen und Bürgern und zur Wirtschaft gehen zurzeit noch kaum über Selbstdarstellungen und das Bereitstellen von Informationen hinaus. Insbesondere ist es in der Regel noch nicht möglich, eigentliche Transaktionen abzuwickeln (z. B. das Einreichen der Steuererklärung oder das Erlassen von Verfügungen). Der Staat ist aber geradezu prädestiniert dafür, viele seiner Dienstleistungen auf elektronischem Wege anzubieten; dies nicht nur, weil damit für die Bürgerinnen und Bürger eine echte Verbesserung des Angebotes geschaffen werden kann (Abbau von langwierigen Behördengängen, informeller Kontakt zum Staat usw.), sondern auch, weil damit die Arbeit des Staates wesentlich erleichtert werden kann. Fortschrittliche E-government-Anwendungen haben zudem einen nicht zu unterschätzenden Modellcharakter für den E-commerce. Im Rahmen der Umsetzung der bundesrätlichen Strategie soll hier ein Schwerpunkt gesetzt werden und in einem ersten Schritt die dazu erforderliche Informatikinfrastruktur im Bundesamt für Informatik und Telekommunikation aufgebaut werden.

3. Im Rahmen der \"Strategie für eine Informationsgesellschaft in der Schweiz\" hat der Bundesrat bereits 1998 dem EVD und dem EFD den Auftrag erteilt, einen Aktionsplan betreffend den E-Commerce auszuarbeiten. Ämter aus verschiedenen Departementen waren an der Verfassung des Aktionsplanes beteiligt. Der Aktionsplan behandelt ordnungspolitische Leitlinien und die verschiedenen Gebiete des E-Commerce (Verschlüsselung, digitale Signatur, Verbraucherschutz, Internationales Vertragsrecht, Datenschutz, Domainnamen und Markenschutz, Urheberrecht, schädliche und illegale Inhalte, Wettbewerbsrecht, Steuern, Arbeits- und Gesellschaftsrecht, elektronischer Zahlungsverkehr und Internet-Banking sowie Auswirkungen der Konvergenz auf Fernmelde- und Mediengesetzgebung). Die Umsetzungsarbeiten laufen seit seiner Entstehung. Grundvoraussetzung für den E-commerce - wie im übrigen auch für E-government - ist die digitale Signatur. Dabei ist zwischen den technischen und organisatorischen Voraussetzungen (Public Key Infrastructure) und der rechtlichen Anerkennung von digital signierten elektronischen Dokumenten zu unterscheiden. Der Bundesrat wird voraussichtlich im Frühjahr 2000 eine Verordnung erlassen, welche im Sinne einer Versuchsregelung die Voraussetzungen regelt, unter denen die Anbieter von Zertifizierungsdiensten anerkannt werden können. Die rechtliche Anerkennung digitaler Signaturen ist auf Gesetzesstufe zu regeln; im EJPD sind entsprechende Gesetzgebungsarbeiten aufgenommen worden (zu erwähnen ist im Übrigen, dass dort, wo von Gesetzes wegen keine Schriftlichkeit gefordert ist, digitale Signaturen schon jetzt im Rahmen der freien Beweiswürdigung als Willenserklärung anerkannt werden können). Im weiteren hat die KIG-Supportstelle Ende letzten Jahres im Auftrag des KIG-Ausschusses eine Ämterumfrage zu den weiteren rechtlichen Problemstellungen im Zusammenhang mit der Informationsgesellschaft durchgeführt; die Ergebnisse werden im Rahmen des 2. Berichtes der KIG an den Bundesrat im Verlaufe dieses Frühjahres ausgewertet.

4. Der Bundesrat hat in seinem Beschluss vom 23. Juni 1999 zum Bericht der KIG vom 14. April 1999 drei Kernbereiche definiert, in welchen Aktionen vorrangig realisiert werden sollen. Diese Aktionen gehen zum Teil weiter als die Massnahmen der europäischen Initiative:

- Staatliche Förderung, insbesondere in den Bereichen Bildung, Kultur, wissenschaftliche Begleitung und statistische Information (z. B. campus virtuel, Aus- und Weiterbildung der Lehrerinnen und Lehrer, Aktionen zur Bewusstseinsbildung, Digitalisierung von Kulturgütern, Lancierung eines Nationalen Forschungsprogrammes, Entwicklung von statistischen Indikatoren).

- Modellanwendungen des Staates (z. B. \"guichet universel\", kostenloses Internet-Angebot von Inventaren oder Registern mit Rechtsdaten, televoting, Gesuchstellung über Internet).

- Schaffung der notwendigen Rahmenbedingungen: siehe Ziffer 3.

5. Für die Koordination zwischen den Departementen hat der Bundesrat die interdepartementale KIG eingesetzt; darin sind rund 100 Teilnehmer aus Bund, Kantonen sowie Wirtschafts- und Konsumentenschutzorganisationen vertreten (KIG-Plenum). Der Vorsitz ist beim Bundesamt für Kommunikation. Ein Ausschuss mit je einem Vertreter der Departemente und der Bundeskanzlei (KIG-Ausschuss) koordiniert die Aufgaben und bereitet die Plenarveranstaltungen vor (etwa vier pro Jahr). Ein mit zwei Personen dotiertes Sekretariat (KIG-Supportstelle) gewährleistet die fachliche und organisatorische Begleitung der KIG und des Ausschusses, ist Anlaufstelle für die Öffentlichkeit und betreut das Informationsorgan der KIG, den ISPS-Server (Information Society Project Switzerland; www.isps.ch). Die mit der Umsetzung der Massnahmen betrauten Departemente haben jeweils Arbeitsgruppen mit Vertretern der betroffenen Fachämter eingesetzt, welche die Konzepte und Aktionspläne ausgearbeitet haben und die Aktionen realisieren.

6. Im Frühjahr wird die KIG ihren 2. Bericht an den Bundesrat abliefern, der insbesondere über die Umsetzung der Aktionen in den unter Ziffer 4 angeführten drei Kernbereichen Auskunft geben wird.

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Tile size shows how often a word is used.","topics_all_time","All time","topics_last_4y","Last 4 years","topics_last_8y","Last 8 years","topics_from","topics_to","topics_speeches","speeches","topics_words","words (filtered)","topics_distinct","distinct words","topics_uses","uses","topics_alt","Treemap of the {count} most-used words, sized by how often each is used. {ctx}","topics_table_alt","Table of the {count} most-used words and how often each is used. {ctx}","topics_table_toggle","Show as table","topics_table_word","Word","topics_empty","No speeches with usable text in this period. Try widening the range.","loyalty_title","Party loyalty","loyalty_subtitle","Share of a member's votes cast against their group's majority line (higher = more independent). Abstentions count as a position.","loyalty_axis","Dissent rate: share of votes against own group","loyalty_dissent","dissent","loyalty_ballots","votes","loyalty_empty","No votes in this period meet the thresholds for a loyalty score. Widen the range.","loyalty_chart_alt","Beeswarm plot of the dissent rate of {count} members, one dot per member, coloured by party. {ctx}","loyalty_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their votes, dissents and dissent rate. {ctx}","loyalty_col_member","loyalty_col_party","loyalty_col_group","loyalty_col_ballots","loyalty_col_dissents","Against","loyalty_col_rate","Dissent","loyalty_from","loyalty_to","loyalty_scale","Scale","loyalty_scale_log","Log","loyalty_scale_linear","Linear","loyalty_filters","Filters","cohesion_title","Group cohesion","cohesion_hint","mean Agreement Index (1 = unanimous)","section_alignment","Voting alignment","no_alignment","Not enough shared votes to compare.","view_all_alignment","View full alignment","alignment_agreed_of_shared","agreed on {agreed} of {shared} shared votes","sort_agreement","Agreement","sort_shared","Shared votes","facet_min_shared","Min. shared","min_shared_10","≥ 10","min_shared_20","≥ 20","min_shared_50","≥ 50","min_shared_100","≥ 100","section_body_alignment","body_alignment_subtitle","How members of this chamber vote relative to one another, from the votes they have in common. In the map, members who vote alike sit close together and opponents far apart. Colours are parties, so blocs and coalitions show up as clusters. The grid gives the average agreement between each pair of parties (the diagonal is each party's own internal cohesion).","alignment_from","alignment_to","alignment_view","View","alignment_view_scatter","Map","alignment_view_heatmap","Party grid","alignment_empty","Not enough votes in this window to build the model.","alignment_window_note","Most meaningful within a single legislative period: the model compares members from the votes they have in common. If the window spans an election or a change in composition, members with different terms barely overlap and positions become less comparable.","alignment_no_parties","No party groups to compare in this window.","alignment_scatter_alt","Scatter plot of {count} members placed by how similarly they voted, coloured by party. {ctx}","alignment_pairs","pairs","alignment_heatmap_note","Each cell is the average agreement between members of the two parties (diagonal = a party's internal cohesion). ± is the 95% confidence range and n the number of member-pairs behind it. A small range over many pairs means the alignment is well-established; a wide range means it's only suggestive.","alignment_heatmap_alt","Grid of the average voting agreement between {count} parties. {ctx}","alignment_members_heading","Members","alignment_members_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their agreement with the chamber and with their own party. {ctx}","alignment_col_member","alignment_col_party","alignment_col_votes","alignment_col_chamber","Aligns with chamber","alignment_col_party_align","Within party","alignment_zoom_in","Zoom in","alignment_zoom_out","Zoom out","alignment_zoom_reset","Reset zoom","alignment_filters","section_lobby","Lobby network","lobby_subtitle","The organizations members of this chamber declare in their register of interests, and where those ties overlap. In the network, members are dots (coloured by party) and organizations shared by two or more members are squares. Members who share the same organizations pull together. The breakdown shows how many mandates are paid versus unpaid, and who holds the most.","lobby_empty","No declared interests for this chamber in this window.","lobby_no_shared","No organizations are shared by two or more members here. See the breakdown.","lobby_network_alt","Network graph of {members} members and the {orgs} organizations they share, linked by declared interests. {ctx}","lobby_mandates","mandates","lobby_members_tied","members","lobby_unknown","Unknown","lobby_org_node","Organization","lobby_payment_heading","Paid vs unpaid mandates","lobby_top_orgs","Most-shared organizations","lobby_top_members","Members by mandates","discussion_title","Speech profiles","discussion_intro","Where members sit on a latent axis derived purely from the words they use in their speeches (Wordfish scaling).","discussion_calculating","Scaling speeches…","lobby_calculating","Computing lobby network…","discussion_error","The speech scaling could not be computed.","discussion_converged","Model converged","discussion_not_converged","Model did not fully converge. Read positions with extra caution.","discussion_members_scored","Members scored","discussion_vocab","Vocabulary","discussion_window","Window","discussion_show_all","discussion_show_reliable","Reliable only","discussion_methodology","How this is computed","discussion_range_label","Time range","discussion_range_1y","1 year","discussion_range_2y","2 years","discussion_range_4y","4 years","discussion_range_8y","8 years","discussion_plot_alt","Beeswarm plot of {count} members placed along a word-choice axis, one dot per member. {ctx}","discussion_plot_caption","Each dot is one member, placed by the words they use in their speeches. Members who reach for the same distinctive words sit close together; members who talk very differently sit far apart. So a member's spot isn't assigned by us; it comes out of how they actually speak. For example, someone who keeps saying “tax”, “budget” and “spending” lands far from someone who mostly says “asylum”, “border” and “integration”. Hover any dot for its details. Filled dots have enough speech to place reliably; hollow rings spoke too little, so read their position with caution.","discussion_empty","No speeches are available for this parliament, so its members can't be placed on the axis. This scaling reads the words members actually speak, and the data set only holds speech transcripts for a few parliaments: the federal chambers and a handful of cantons such as Bern, Basel-Stadt or St. Gallen. You can also try a longer time range above.","discussion_empty_sparse","There is too little speech transcript text for this parliament to place its members on the axis. Try a longer time range above.","discussion_pole_a","One pole","discussion_pole_b","Other pole","discussion_col_party","discussion_key_filled","Enough text (reliable)","discussion_key_ring","Below the word floor (low confidence)","discussion_align_title","Does the axis track party?","discussion_align_hint","How much of the spread in positions is explained by party membership (η²): 100% = parties are perfectly separated, ~0% = party tells you nothing.","discussion_align_strong","parties are clearly separated","discussion_align_moderate","parties are partly separated","discussion_align_weak","party barely explains the axis","discussion_poles_title","What the axis is made of","discussion_poles_hint","The words that most pull members towards each pole. The axis only means something once you read these. Its direction is arbitrary.","discussion_no_party","No party","discussion_col_name","discussion_col_position","Position","discussion_col_words","Words","discussion_col_speeches","discussion_low_confidence","low confidence","discussion_table_title","discussion_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their position on the word-choice axis. {ctx}","discussion_read_title","How to read this","discussion_read_direction","The axis direction is arbitrary: Wordfish finds the split, not which side is “left” or “right”. Read the word poles to see what each side means.","discussion_read_uncertainty","Positions are standardized, so the spread is a convention, not a real distance. Wider error bars (and hollow dots) mean less certainty, so don't over-read those members.","discussion_read_confound","Speech style reflects role as much as ideology: committee chairs, ministers and frequent speakers can land at a pole because of what they do, not only what they believe.","organizations_title","organizations_none","No organizations.","org_members","org_mandates","org_bodies","org_members_heading","org_members_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their party, body, role, payment and period. {ctx}","org_no_members","No members.","org_col_member","org_col_party","org_col_body","org_col_role","org_col_payment","Payment","org_col_period","sort_members","sort_mandates","Mandates","interest_unknown","lobby_panel_person","Declared organizations","lobby_panel_org","Members with this mandate","lobby_table_heading","Who is tied to what","lobby_table_explain","The full matrix marks every member against every shared organization: one dot per declared tie, the exhaustive view of who is tied to what.","lobby_table_large","For this chamber that is","lobby_table_cells","cells","lobby_table_show","Show table","lobby_table_alt","Table marking each of {count} members against the {orgs} organizations they are tied to, one dot per declared tie. {ctx}","lobby_select_hint","Select a member or organization to see its ties.","lobby_filters","lobby_error","The lobby network could not be computed.","lobby_clear_selection","Clear selection","close","not_found_person","Person not found","not_found_body","Parliament not found","not_found_affair","Affair not found","not_found_group","Committee or group not found","not_found_voting","Voting not found","not_found_meeting","Meeting not found","not_found_interest","Interest not found","not_found_organization","Organization not found","not_found_text","Text not found","not_found_doc","Document not found","not_found_speech","Speech not found","not_found_hint","There is no entry with the ID {id}. It may have been removed, or the link may be outdated.","not_found_back","Back to the overview","about","About","faq","FAQ","section_title","section_title_bodies","section_title_affairs","section_title_votings","section_title_texts","section_title_docs","section_subtitle_search","section_subtitle_discussion",{"_1628":1629,"_1645":811,"_1646":1647,"_1648":1649,"_1650":998,"_1329":571,"_1303":371,"_78":575,"_1651":578,"_1634":381,"_1652":1653,"_1654":782,"_1436":331,"_74":341,"_1631":483,"_19":351,"_76":581,"_81":361,"_1655":1108,"_1656":1242,"_1657":1278,"_1658":1242,"_1659":1660,"_1661":1242,"_1662":1663,"_1664":571,"_1665":750,"_1666":1242,"_1667":1649,"_1668":575,"_1635":450,"_1669":1670,"_1241":1242,"_1671":688,"_1254":1242,"_72":586,"_1672":1464,"_1673":1321,"_1674":1359,"_1675":1653,"_1676":1448,"_1636":391,"_1677":1440,"_1678":1242},"section_switcher",{"_1626":1627,"_1628":1629,"_1630":331,"_70":527,"_74":341,"_1631":483,"_1632":417,"_1303":371,"_81":361,"_1633":351,"_1634":381,"_1635":450,"_1636":391,"_1637":1638,"_1639":1640,"_1641":1642,"_1643":1644},"section_title_speeches","section_title_groups","section_title_interests","section_title_meetings","section_title_organizations","label_section","Section","home","Home","people","affairs","groups","documents","interests","meetings","organizations","group_parliament","Actors","group_proceedings","Proceedings","group_records","Records","group_lobbying","Lobbying","search","eyebrow","Data on {{name}}","overview","Overview","personal_data","memberships","access_badges","Lobby","images","texts_overview","text_details","docs_overview","doc_details","votings_overview","Voting","voting_details","voting_diagram","Diagram","voting_tally","speeches_overview","speech_details","groups_overview","contributions","interests_overview","Interest","meetings_overview","vocabulary","loyalty","alignment","lobby","discussion","organizations_overview","org_details",{"_1736":1737,"_1738":1739,"_1680":1740,"_282":1741},"intro",{"_1682":1683,"_1684":1685,"_1686":1687,"_1688":1689,"_1690":1691,"_1692":1693,"_1694":1695},"en",{"_1696":1731,"_1698":1732,"_1700":1733,"_1702":1734,"_1704":1735},"de",{"_1696":1726,"_1698":1727,"_1700":1728,"_1702":1729,"_1704":1730},"fr",{"_1696":1721,"_1698":1722,"_1700":1723,"_1702":1724,"_1704":1725},"it",{"_1696":1716,"_1698":1717,"_1700":1718,"_1702":1719,"_1704":1720},"es",{"_1696":1711,"_1698":1712,"_1700":1713,"_1702":1714,"_1704":1715},"pt",{"_1696":1706,"_1698":1707,"_1700":1708,"_1702":1709,"_1704":1710},"rm",{"_1696":1697,"_1698":1699,"_1700":1701,"_1702":1703,"_1704":1705},"cookie","Nus duvrain mo cookies essenzials e funcziunals. Nagina analitica, nagin tracking.","dataLang","La Svizra ha quatter linguas naziunalas, e questas datas datti en pliras da quellas. Intgins records èn plurilings, auters mo en ina lingua. Vus pudais tscherner en tge lingua ch'il cuntegn vegn mussà; sche vossa tscherna n'è betg disponibla per in record, vegnan duvradas las autras linguas en in urden da prioritad fix. Quai è independent da la lingua da l'interfatscha. As lascha reglar sut Configuraziuns › Lingua dal cuntegn (sura a dretga).","alt","Questa pagina è era disponibla per rumantsch.","switch","Mussar per rumantsch","dismiss","Betg pli mussar","Utilizamos apenas cookies essenciais e funcionais. Sem análises, sem rastreio.","A Suíça tem quatro línguas nacionais, e estes dados existem em várias delas. Alguns registos estão em várias línguas, outros apenas numa. Pode escolher em que idioma os conteúdos são apresentados; quando a sua escolha não está disponível para um registo, as restantes línguas são usadas por uma ordem de prioridade fixa. Isto é independente do idioma da interface. Configure em Definições › Idioma dos conteúdos (canto superior direito).","Esta página também está disponível em português.","Ver em português","Não mostrar novamente","Solo utilizamos cookies esenciales y funcionales. Sin análisis, sin seguimiento.","Suiza tiene cuatro lenguas nacionales, y estos datos existen en varias de ellas. Algunos registros están en varias lenguas, otros en una sola. Puede elegir en qué idioma se muestra el contenido; cuando su elección no está disponible para un registro, se utilizan las demás lenguas en un orden de prioridad fijo. Esto es independiente del idioma de la interfaz. 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Certaines entrées sont en plusieurs langues, d'autres dans une seule. Vous pouvez choisir la langue d'affichage du contenu ; si votre choix n'est pas disponible pour une entrée, les autres langues sont utilisées selon un ordre de priorité défini. Ceci est indépendant de la langue de l'interface. Réglable dans Paramètres › Langue du contenu (en haut à droite).","Cette page est aussi disponible en français.","Voir en français","Ne plus afficher","Wir verwenden nur essenzielle, funktionale Cookies. Keine Analyse, kein Tracking.","Die Schweiz hat vier Landessprachen, und diese Daten liegen in mehreren davon vor. Manche Einträge sind mehrsprachig, andere nur in einer Sprache. Sie können wählen, in welcher Sprache die Inhalte angezeigt werden; ist Ihre Wahl für einen Eintrag nicht verfügbar, werden die übrigen Sprachen in einer festen Prioritätsreihenfolge verwendet. Dies ist unabhängig von der Oberflächensprache. Einstellbar unter Einstellungen › Inhaltssprache (oben rechts).","Diese Seite ist auch auf Deutsch verfügbar.","Auf Deutsch anzeigen","Nicht mehr anzeigen","We use only essential, functional cookies. No analytics, no tracking.","Switzerland has four national languages, and this data comes in several of them. Some records are in multiple languages, some in only one. You can choose which language the content is shown in; when your choice isn't available for a record, the remaining languages are used in a set priority order. This is independent of the interface language. Set it under Settings › Content language (top right).","This page is also available in English.","View in English","Don't show again","settings",{"_1804":1805,"_1806":1807,"_1808":1163,"_1809":1810,"_1811":1165,"_1812":1167,"_1813":1814,"_1815":1816,"_1817":1818,"_1819":1820,"_1821":1822,"_636":637,"_1823":1824,"_1825":1826,"_1827":1828,"_1829":1830,"_1831":1832},"nav",{"_1628":1750,"_1751":1752,"_1753":686,"_1754":1755,"_1756":1757,"_1637":1638,"_1639":1640,"_1641":1642,"_1643":1644,"_1630":331,"_70":527,"_1632":417,"_1631":483,"_74":341,"_1635":450,"_1303":371,"_81":361,"_1633":351,"_1634":381,"_1636":391,"_1758":1743,"_1759":1760,"_1606":1607,"_1761":1762,"_1608":1609,"_1763":1764,"_1765":1766,"_1767":1768,"_1769":1770,"_1771":1772,"_1773":1774,"_1775":1776,"_1777":1778,"_1779":1780,"_1781":1782,"_1783":1784,"_1785":1786,"_1787":1788,"_1789":1790,"_1791":1792,"_1793":1794,"_1795":1796,"_1797":1747,"_1798":1799,"_1800":1801,"_1802":1803},{"_1696":1731,"_1698":1732,"_1700":1733,"_1702":1734,"_1704":1735},{"_1742":1743,"_1744":1745,"_1746":1747,"_1748":1749},"project.title","Project","project.desc","About parlhub: what the portal is, answers to common questions, and how the data fits together.","experiments.title","Experiments","experiments.desc","Experimental analyses and methodology showcases on parlhub, including the Wordfish scaling of parliaments from their speeches.","parlhub home","skip_to_content","Skip to main content","explore","start","Start here","start_desc","Quicklinks to chambers, cantons and communes","project","project_desc","The project at a glance","about_desc","What parlhub is and who is behind it","faq_desc","Answers to common questions","sustainability","Sustainability","sustainability_desc","How parlhub is hosted and what it costs the planet","accessibility","Accessibility","accessibility_desc","What works, what doesn't, and how to report a barrier","traffic_stats","Traffic statistics","traffic_stats_desc","Which parts of the site get requested, and by whom","imprint","Imprint","imprint_desc","Who runs parlhub, contact, and the licenses","github","GitHub","github_desc","The project's source code on GitHub","data_guide","Data guide","data_guide_desc","Every kind of data, in plain terms, with examples","data_map","Data map","data_map_desc","How the data fits together, at a glance","methodology","Methodology","methodology_desc","How each figure is calculated, with links to the code","experiments","experiments_desc","Experimental analyses and methodology write-ups","wordfish","Wordfish scaling","wordfish_desc","Placing members on an axis by the words in their speeches","menu_label","Settings","appearance","Appearance","theme","theme_system","System","theme_light","theme_dark","font_size","Font size","font_size_decrease","Decrease font size","font_size_increase","Increase font size","high_contrast","High contrast","grayscale","Grayscale","interface_language","Interface","content_language","Content language","content_language_auto","Auto (follow interface)","content_language_note","Language of the displayed data (names, titles, texts). Independent of the interface; when a record isn't available, the next language is used.","content_language_priority","Priority",{"_1808":1834,"_1813":1835,"_1836":210,"_1837":197,"_1838":197,"_1839":210,"_1840":-5},"system",100,"show_cookie_consent_message","ui_high_contrast","ui_grayscale","msg_lang_hint","content_lang"]