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Es ist ein Skandal:

- Gemäss neuestem Unicef-Bericht sterben in den Entwicklungsländern jährlich 7 Millionen Kinder an Unterernährung.

- Wo der Hunger nicht tödlich wirkt, bleiben bei den Überlebenden dauerhafte schwere Schädigungen zurück.

- Insgesamt leiden 800 Millionen Menschen weltweit an Hunger.

Zu den universellen Menschenrechten, die 1998 50 Jahre alt werden, zählen auch wirtschaftliche, soziale und kulturelle Rechte wie das Menschenrecht auf angemessene Ernährung.

Der Römer Aktionsplan des Welternährungsgipfels 1996 hat diesen Missstand erkannt. Artikel 7.4 des Aktionsplanes verlangt eine \"inhaltliche Klärung des Rechtes auf angemessene Ernährung und des Grundrechtes eines jeden Menschen, frei von Hunger zu sein, wie im Internationalen Pakt für wirtschaftliche, soziale und kulturelle Rechte und in anderen einschlägigen internationalen und regionalen Instrumenten festgelegt; besondere Aufmerksamkeit gilt der Umsetzung und vollen und fortschreitenden Realisierung dieses Rechtes als Mittel zur Erreichung von Ernährungssicherheit für alle\".

Der Bundesrat und der Nationalrat haben mein Postulat 96.3609 vom 9. Dezember 1996 \"Aktionsplan zum Welternährungsgipfel von Rom\" akzeptiert.

Chronik eines vergessenen Rechtes

Das Recht aus Nahrung ist enthalten in folgenden internationalen Vereinbarungen:

- Universelle Menschenrechte, 1947;

- Universal Declaration on the Eradication of Hunger and Malnutrition, 1974;

- Declaration on the Rights of Disabled Persons, 1975;

- Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination aginst Women, 1979;

- Declaration of Principles and Programme of Action of the World Conference on Agrarian Reform and Rural Development, 1979;

- Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action of the World Conference on Human Rights, 1993;

- Copenhagen Declaration and Programme of Action of the World Summit for Social Development, 1995;

- Declaration on the Right to Development, 1986;

- Declaration of the Rights of the Child, 1959;

- Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989;

- ILO Convention No 169;

- Plan of Action of the World Food Summit, 1996.

Das Recht auf Nahrung wurde an folgenden internationalen Konferenzen bekräftigt:

- World Food Conference, 1974;

- World Conference on Agrarian Reform and Rural Development, 1979;

- World Summit on Children, 1990;

- International Conference on Nutrition, 1992;

- World Conference on Human Rights, Vienna, 1993;

- World Summit for Social Development, Copenhagen, 1995;

- Conference on Women, Bejing, 1995;

- World Food Summit, Rome, 1996.

Und was haben diese Beteuerungen den 800 Millionen Hungernden erbracht?

","affair_title",17432,"19973653_5","Eingereichter Text","

Ich bitte den Bundesrat, folgende Fragen zu beantworten:

1. Das oben erwähnte Postulat 96.3609 enthält fünf konkrete Punkte. Was haben die Abklärungen zu den einzelnen Punkten ergeben, und wo sind bereits Aktionspläne erarbeitet worden?

2. Ist der Bundesrat bereit, auch gestützt auf die neuesten Unicef-Zahlen, im Bereich \"Menschenrecht auf Ernährung\" einen besonderen Schwerpunkt im Bereich der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit zu setzen, dies ganz besonders auch aus Anlass der universellen Menschenrechte, die 1998 50 Jahre alt werden?

3. Die Umsetzung und Realisierung dieses Menschenrechtes wird von den Politiken multinationaler Abkommen und Institutionen wie Gatt/WTO, Weltbank, Internationaler Währungsfonds partiell blockiert und verletzt. Ist die Schweiz als Mitglied dieser Institutionen bereit, diese Widersprüche aufzuarbeiten, Konsequenzen zu ziehen und sich für die entsprechenden Änderungen in den multinationalen Abkommen einzusetzen?

4. Welches ist der Beitrag der Schweiz zur Schaffung der im Pakt für wirtschaftliche, soziale und kulturelle Rechte in Artikel 11 verlangten nationalen und regionalen Instrumente zur Umsetzung und Realisierung dieses Menschenrechtes?

5. In Artikel 7.4 des Römer Aktionsplans sind als \"notwendige Mittel zur Erreichung der Ziele des Welternährungsgipfels\" auch \"freiwillige Richtlinien für die Ernährungssicherheit für alle\" eingefordert. Internationale NGO haben diese Aufgabe wahrgenommen und den Verhaltenskodex für das Recht auf angemessene Ernährung ausgearbeitet. Der Verhaltenskodex wird auch von den Schweizer NGO unterstützt. Ist der Bundesrat bereit, diese Vorleistung der NGO zur Umsetzung von Artikel 7.4 Buchstabe e wohlwollend zur Kenntnis zu nehmen, auch mitzutragen und sich dafür einzusetzen, dass dieser Verhaltenskodex im Nachfolgeprozess des Welternährungsgipfels auch auf internationaler Ebene wie dem CFS-FAO eingebracht wird?

",17431,"19973653_14","Antwort BR / Büro","

Für den Bundesrat kommt der Bekämpfung des weltweiten Hungers und seiner Ursachen im Rahmen der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit der Schweiz höchste Priorität zu; die Tatsache, dass heute trotz Fortschritten im Ernährungsbereich nach wie vor über 800 Millionen Menschen unterernährt sind, ist inakzeptabel. Die am Welternährungsgipfel in Rom (13.-17. November 1996) beschlossene Zielsetzung, die heutige Anzahl hungernder Menschen bis spätestens zum Jahre 2015 um mindestens die Hälfte zu reduzieren, kann daher nur ein Minimalziel darstellen. Die Schweiz hat vor und während des Welternährungsgipfels eine aktive Rolle gespielt und den Aktionsplan von Rom beeinflusst; sie wird diese aktive Rolle weiterhin spielen und sich für eine konsequente Umsetzung des Aktionsplans und ein effizientes Monitoring einsetzen. Dabei misst der Bundesrat konkreter bilateraler und multilateraler Programmtätigkeit zur Armutsbekämpfung und Ernährungssicherung ebenso grosse Bedeutung bei wie der Ausarbeitung von internationalen Konventionen und Verhaltenskodizes, deren universelle Durchsetzung noch nicht gewährleistet ist. Allerdings dürfen die Rolle und der Einfluss der Schweiz im weltweiten Kontext als einer unter vielen Akteuren der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit nicht überschätzt werden.

1. Zum Stand der Abklärungen zu den einzelnen von der Interpellantin aufgeworfenen Fragen (Postulat 96.3609 vom 9. Dezember 1996 \"Aktionsplan zum Welternährungsgipfel von Rom\") kann folgendes festgehalten werden.

- Verantwortliches Gremium: Auf internationaler Ebene ist das Komitee für Welternährungssicherheit der FAO (CFS) für die Koordination der Umsetzung der Ergebnisse des Welternährungsgipfels zuständig; in der Schweiz wird diese Aufgabe vom interdepartementalen Komitee für die FAO (CIC-FAO) wahrgenommen, das vom Bundesamt für Landwirtschaft präsidiert wird.

- Einbezug der Nichtregierungsorganisationen (NGO): Die NGO sind im schweizerischen FAO-Komitee, welches den Bundesrat und die Bundesverwaltung in FAO-Angelegenheiten berät, vertreten; alle von der Interpellantin aufgeworfenen Fragen werden primär in diesem Organ diskutiert.

- Zur Notwendigkeit von Gesetzesanpassungen: Mit dem Bundesgesetz vom 19. März 1976 über Entwicklungszusammenarbeit und humanitäre Hilfe (SR 974.0) verfügt die Schweiz über eine nach wie vor adäquate Gesetzesgrundlage für Massnahmen zur Verbesserung der Ernährungssicherheit in den Entwicklungsländern (vgl. insbesondere Art. 5 Abs. 2 Bst. a und b).

- Einsatz der finanziellen Mittel: Der Kampf gegen den Hunger und seine Ursachen ist seit jeher eine der wichtigsten Aufgaben der schweizerischen Entwicklungszusammenarbeit. So wendet die Direktion für Entwicklung und Zusammenarbeit rund einen Viertel ihres Budgets von 1060 Millionen Franken (Voranschlag 1998) für Landwirtschafts- und Ernährungsprogramme auf.

- Stärkere Berücksichtigung der Frauen: Die gleichberechtigte Entwicklung von Frauen und Männern ist ein hoch priorisiertes Anliegen der Deza. So wird der Beteiligung und Mitbestimmung der betroffenen Bevölkerung und vor allem auch der Frauen in der konkreten Programmtätigkeit der schweizerischen Entwicklungszusammenarbeit seit einigen Jahren stärkeres Gewicht beigemessen.

2. Die Förderung der Landwirtschaft und der ländlichen Entwicklung, insbesondere die Erzeugung von Grundnahrungsmitteln, sind nach wie vor Schwerpunkte der schweizerischen Entwicklungszusammenarbeit. Im Jahre 1998, dem 50-Jahr-Jubiläum der allgemeinen Menschenrechtserklärung, wird der verstärkten Armutsbekämpfung (und damit einer Einwirkung auf die wesentlichen Ursachen von Hunger und Unterernährung) in der schweizerischen Entwicklungszusammenarbeit gemäss Verpflichtung 2 des Aktionsplans von Rom eine besonders hohe Priorität beigemessen. So wird gegenwärtig eine Deza-Strategie für soziale Entwicklung erarbeitet, die Mitte 1998 in Kraft gesetzt und in die Länderprogramme der Deza eingebracht werden soll. Dadurch werden die heutigen Bemühungen auf diesem Gebiet noch verstärkt.

3. Die Weltbank, die WTO sowie der Internationale Währungsfonds verfolgen - mit verschiedenen Mitteln - dasselbe Ziel: die Steigerung des Lebensstandards in allen Mitgliedländern durch eine langfristig angelegte, marktwirtschaftlich ausgerichtete Wirtschaftspolitik. Damit sollen auch die Voraussetzungen für eine Bekämpfung der Armut und des Hungers verbessert werden. Kurzfristig können strukturelle Anpassungsprogramme allerdings zu einer Erhöhung der Nahrungsmittelpreise in städtischen Gegenden führen und sind deshalb von adäquaten sozialen Sicherheitsnetzen für die ärmsten Bevölkerungsschichten zu begleiten. Im Rahmen internationaler Zahlungsbilanzhilfen, an denen sich auch die Schweiz beteiligt, werden den betroffenen Ländern die Finanzmittel für solche Sicherheitsnetze bereitgestellt. Inwiefern Armut und Hunger wirksam bekämpft werden können, ist jedoch auch eine Frage des politischen Willens, der internen Machtverhältnisse und insbesondere der guten Regierungsführung (\"good governance\") im betreffenden Land.

Neben ihrer allgemeinen Tätigkeit hat namentlich die Weltbank ihre Aktivitäten zur Ernährungssicherung verstärkt. So hat sie nach dem Welternährungsgipfel einen eigenen Aktionsplan zur Förderung der ländlichen Entwicklung verabschiedet. Weitere wichtige multilaterale Organisationen wie die FAO, der IFAD (Fonds für internationale landwirtschaftliche Entwicklung), die CGIAR (Konsultativgruppe für internationale Agrarforschung), das UNDP (Uno-Entwicklungsprogramm) und die Unicef (Kinderhilfsfonds) leisten ebenfalls substantielle Beiträge im Kampf gegen den Hunger und seine Ursachen. Die Schweiz misst der Ernährungssicherheit sehr hohe Priorität bei und setzt sich in allen internationalen Organisationen seit Jahren für eine vermehrte Berücksichtigung der Armutsbekämpfung ein; dieses Engagement wird die Schweiz unvermindert weiterführen.

4. In Artikel 11 des Internationalen Paktes über wirtschaftliche, soziale und kulturelle Rechte wird die Bedeutung der Massnahmen und der konkreten Länderprogramme sowie der internationalen Zusammenarbeit auf das Recht aller Menschen auf Nahrung hervorgehoben. Die Schweiz beteiligt sich an diesen Anstrengungen durch ihre bilaterale und multilaterale Zusammenarbeit. Mit den neuen Richtlinien \"Förderung der Menschenrechte und Entwicklungszusammenarbeit\" der Deza gibt sich die Schweiz die Möglichkeit, einen konkreten Beitrag zu leisten zu einem dieser wichtigen Ziele der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit und der schweizerischen Aussenpolitik auf dem Gebiet der Förderung der Menschenrechte, das Recht auf angemessene Ernährung inbegriffen. Die Förderung der wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Rechte in den Ländern, die von unserer Zusammenarbeit profitieren, hängt in erster Linie von der Verbesserung entwicklungsfördernder Rahmenbedingungen ab. Somit tragen alle von der schweizerischen Zusammenarbeit vorgesehenen Massnahmen im Bereich der Förderung dieser Rechte, vor allem die Unterstützung konkreter Aktionen und des politischen Dialoges, zur Schaffung von günstigeren Bedingungen zur Armutsbekämpfung bei. Dies bleibt eines der höchsten Ziele unserer Bemühungen auf dem Gebiete der Entwicklungszusammenarbeit.

5. Der Bundesrat begrüsst die Initiativen der Nichtregierungsorganisationen zur Bekämpfung des Hungers und seiner Ursachen. Um die Ziele des Welternährungsgipfels zu erreichen, braucht es das Zusammenspiel aller Akteure auf internationaler und nationaler, öffentlicher und privater Ebene. Wie einleitend dargelegt, misst der Bundesrat der konkreten bilateralen und multilateralen Programmtätigkeit ebenso grosse Bedeutung bei wie der Ausarbeitung von internationalen Konventionen und Verhaltenskodizes. Er ist jedoch bereit, den Verhaltenskodex wohlwollend zur Kenntnis zu nehmen, und einverstanden, dieses Dokument im Nachfolgeprozess des Welternährungsgipfels auf nationaler und internationaler Ebene zu thematisieren.

Antwort des Bundesrates.",17430,"19973653_1","Titel des 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Tile size shows how often a word is used.","topics_all_time","All time","topics_last_4y","Last 4 years","topics_last_8y","Last 8 years","topics_from","topics_to","topics_speeches","speeches","topics_words","words (filtered)","topics_distinct","distinct words","topics_uses","uses","topics_alt","Treemap of the {count} most-used words, sized by how often each is used. {ctx}","topics_table_alt","Table of the {count} most-used words and how often each is used. {ctx}","topics_table_toggle","Show as table","topics_table_word","Word","topics_empty","No speeches with usable text in this period. Try widening the range.","loyalty_title","Party loyalty","loyalty_subtitle","Share of a member's votes cast against their group's majority line (higher = more independent). Abstentions count as a position.","loyalty_axis","Dissent rate: share of votes against own group","loyalty_dissent","dissent","loyalty_ballots","votes","loyalty_empty","No votes in this period meet the thresholds for a loyalty score. Widen the range.","loyalty_chart_alt","Beeswarm plot of the dissent rate of {count} members, one dot per member, coloured by party. {ctx}","loyalty_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their votes, dissents and dissent rate. {ctx}","loyalty_col_member","loyalty_col_party","loyalty_col_group","loyalty_col_ballots","loyalty_col_dissents","Against","loyalty_col_rate","Dissent","loyalty_from","loyalty_to","loyalty_scale","Scale","loyalty_scale_log","Log","loyalty_scale_linear","Linear","loyalty_filters","Filters","cohesion_title","Group cohesion","cohesion_hint","mean Agreement Index (1 = unanimous)","section_alignment","Voting alignment","no_alignment","Not enough shared votes to compare.","view_all_alignment","View full alignment","alignment_agreed_of_shared","agreed on {agreed} of {shared} shared votes","sort_agreement","Agreement","sort_shared","Shared votes","facet_min_shared","Min. shared","min_shared_10","≥ 10","min_shared_20","≥ 20","min_shared_50","≥ 50","min_shared_100","≥ 100","section_body_alignment","body_alignment_subtitle","How members of this chamber vote relative to one another, from the votes they have in common. In the map, members who vote alike sit close together and opponents far apart. Colours are parties, so blocs and coalitions show up as clusters. The grid gives the average agreement between each pair of parties (the diagonal is each party's own internal cohesion).","alignment_from","alignment_to","alignment_view","View","alignment_view_scatter","Map","alignment_view_heatmap","Party grid","alignment_empty","Not enough votes in this window to build the model.","alignment_window_note","Most meaningful within a single legislative period: the model compares members from the votes they have in common. If the window spans an election or a change in composition, members with different terms barely overlap and positions become less comparable.","alignment_no_parties","No party groups to compare in this window.","alignment_scatter_alt","Scatter plot of {count} members placed by how similarly they voted, coloured by party. {ctx}","alignment_pairs","pairs","alignment_heatmap_note","Each cell is the average agreement between members of the two parties (diagonal = a party's internal cohesion). ± is the 95% confidence range and n the number of member-pairs behind it. A small range over many pairs means the alignment is well-established; a wide range means it's only suggestive.","alignment_heatmap_alt","Grid of the average voting agreement between {count} parties. {ctx}","alignment_members_heading","Members","alignment_members_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their agreement with the chamber and with their own party. {ctx}","alignment_col_member","alignment_col_party","alignment_col_votes","alignment_col_chamber","Aligns with chamber","alignment_col_party_align","Within party","alignment_zoom_in","Zoom in","alignment_zoom_out","Zoom out","alignment_zoom_reset","Reset zoom","alignment_filters","section_lobby","Lobby network","lobby_subtitle","The organizations members of this chamber declare in their register of interests, and where those ties overlap. In the network, members are dots (coloured by party) and organizations shared by two or more members are squares. Members who share the same organizations pull together. The breakdown shows how many mandates are paid versus unpaid, and who holds the most.","lobby_empty","No declared interests for this chamber in this window.","lobby_no_shared","No organizations are shared by two or more members here. See the breakdown.","lobby_network_alt","Network graph of {members} members and the {orgs} organizations they share, linked by declared interests. {ctx}","lobby_mandates","mandates","lobby_members_tied","members","lobby_unknown","Unknown","lobby_org_node","Organization","lobby_payment_heading","Paid vs unpaid mandates","lobby_top_orgs","Most-shared organizations","lobby_top_members","Members by mandates","discussion_title","Speech profiles","discussion_intro","Where members sit on a latent axis derived purely from the words they use in their speeches (Wordfish scaling).","discussion_calculating","Scaling speeches…","lobby_calculating","Computing lobby network…","discussion_error","The speech scaling could not be computed.","discussion_converged","Model converged","discussion_not_converged","Model did not fully converge. Read positions with extra caution.","discussion_members_scored","Members scored","discussion_vocab","Vocabulary","discussion_window","Window","discussion_show_all","discussion_show_reliable","Reliable only","discussion_methodology","How this is computed","discussion_range_label","Time range","discussion_range_1y","1 year","discussion_range_2y","2 years","discussion_range_4y","4 years","discussion_range_8y","8 years","discussion_plot_alt","Beeswarm plot of {count} members placed along a word-choice axis, one dot per member. {ctx}","discussion_plot_caption","Each dot is one member, placed by the words they use in their speeches. Members who reach for the same distinctive words sit close together; members who talk very differently sit far apart. So a member's spot isn't assigned by us; it comes out of how they actually speak. For example, someone who keeps saying “tax”, “budget” and “spending” lands far from someone who mostly says “asylum”, “border” and “integration”. Hover any dot for its details. Filled dots have enough speech to place reliably; hollow rings spoke too little, so read their position with caution.","discussion_empty","No speeches are available for this parliament, so its members can't be placed on the axis. This scaling reads the words members actually speak, and the data set only holds speech transcripts for a few parliaments: the federal chambers and a handful of cantons such as Bern, Basel-Stadt or St. Gallen. You can also try a longer time range above.","discussion_empty_sparse","There is too little speech transcript text for this parliament to place its members on the axis. Try a longer time range above.","discussion_pole_a","One pole","discussion_pole_b","Other pole","discussion_col_party","discussion_key_filled","Enough text (reliable)","discussion_key_ring","Below the word floor (low confidence)","discussion_align_title","Does the axis track party?","discussion_align_hint","How much of the spread in positions is explained by party membership (η²): 100% = parties are perfectly separated, ~0% = party tells you nothing.","discussion_align_strong","parties are clearly separated","discussion_align_moderate","parties are partly separated","discussion_align_weak","party barely explains the axis","discussion_poles_title","What the axis is made of","discussion_poles_hint","The words that most pull members towards each pole. The axis only means something once you read these. Its direction is arbitrary.","discussion_no_party","No party","discussion_col_name","discussion_col_position","Position","discussion_col_words","Words","discussion_col_speeches","discussion_low_confidence","low confidence","discussion_table_title","discussion_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their position on the word-choice axis. {ctx}","discussion_read_title","How to read this","discussion_read_direction","The axis direction is arbitrary: Wordfish finds the split, not which side is “left” or “right”. Read the word poles to see what each side means.","discussion_read_uncertainty","Positions are standardized, so the spread is a convention, not a real distance. Wider error bars (and hollow dots) mean less certainty, so don't over-read those members.","discussion_read_confound","Speech style reflects role as much as ideology: committee chairs, ministers and frequent speakers can land at a pole because of what they do, not only what they believe.","organizations_title","organizations_none","No organizations.","org_members","org_mandates","org_bodies","org_members_heading","org_members_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their party, body, role, payment and period. {ctx}","org_no_members","No members.","org_col_member","org_col_party","org_col_body","org_col_role","org_col_payment","Payment","org_col_period","sort_members","sort_mandates","Mandates","interest_unknown","lobby_panel_person","Declared organizations","lobby_panel_org","Members with this mandate","lobby_table_heading","Who is tied to what","lobby_table_explain","The full matrix marks every member against every shared organization: one dot per declared tie, the exhaustive view of who is tied to what.","lobby_table_large","For this chamber that is","lobby_table_cells","cells","lobby_table_show","Show table","lobby_table_alt","Table marking each of {count} members against the {orgs} organizations they are tied to, one dot per declared tie. {ctx}","lobby_select_hint","Select a member or organization to see its ties.","lobby_filters","lobby_error","The lobby network could not be computed.","lobby_clear_selection","Clear selection","close","not_found_person","Person not found","not_found_body","Parliament not found","not_found_affair","Affair not found","not_found_group","Committee or group not found","not_found_voting","Voting not found","not_found_meeting","Meeting not found","not_found_interest","Interest not found","not_found_organization","Organization not found","not_found_text","Text not found","not_found_doc","Document not found","not_found_speech","Speech not found","not_found_hint","There is no entry with the ID {id}. It may have been removed, or the link may be outdated.","not_found_back","Back to the overview","about","About","faq","FAQ","section_title","section_title_bodies","section_title_affairs","section_title_votings","section_title_texts","section_title_docs","section_subtitle_search","section_subtitle_discussion",{"_1607":1608,"_1624":790,"_1625":1626,"_1627":1628,"_1629":977,"_1308":550,"_1282":350,"_78":554,"_1630":557,"_1613":360,"_1631":1632,"_1633":761,"_1415":310,"_74":320,"_1610":462,"_19":330,"_76":560,"_81":340,"_1634":1087,"_1635":1221,"_1636":1257,"_1637":1221,"_1638":1639,"_1640":1221,"_1641":1642,"_1643":550,"_1644":729,"_1645":1221,"_1646":1628,"_1647":554,"_1614":429,"_1648":1649,"_1220":1221,"_1650":667,"_1233":1221,"_72":565,"_1651":1443,"_1652":1300,"_1653":1338,"_1654":1632,"_1655":1427,"_1615":370,"_1656":1419,"_1657":1221},"section_switcher",{"_1605":1606,"_1607":1608,"_1609":310,"_70":506,"_74":320,"_1610":462,"_1611":396,"_1282":350,"_81":340,"_1612":330,"_1613":360,"_1614":429,"_1615":370,"_1616":1617,"_1618":1619,"_1620":1621,"_1622":1623},"section_title_speeches","section_title_groups","section_title_interests","section_title_meetings","section_title_organizations","label_section","Section","home","Home","people","affairs","groups","documents","interests","meetings","organizations","group_parliament","Actors","group_proceedings","Proceedings","group_records","Records","group_lobbying","Lobbying","search","eyebrow","Data on {{name}}","overview","Overview","personal_data","memberships","access_badges","Lobby","images","texts_overview","text_details","docs_overview","doc_details","votings_overview","Voting","voting_details","voting_diagram","Diagram","voting_tally","speeches_overview","speech_details","groups_overview","contributions","interests_overview","Interest","meetings_overview","vocabulary","loyalty","alignment","lobby","discussion","organizations_overview","org_details",{"_1715":1716,"_1717":1718,"_1659":1719,"_261":1720},"intro",{"_1661":1662,"_1663":1664,"_1665":1666,"_1667":1668,"_1669":1670,"_1671":1672,"_1673":1674},"en",{"_1675":1710,"_1677":1711,"_1679":1712,"_1681":1713,"_1683":1714},"de",{"_1675":1705,"_1677":1706,"_1679":1707,"_1681":1708,"_1683":1709},"fr",{"_1675":1700,"_1677":1701,"_1679":1702,"_1681":1703,"_1683":1704},"it",{"_1675":1695,"_1677":1696,"_1679":1697,"_1681":1698,"_1683":1699},"es",{"_1675":1690,"_1677":1691,"_1679":1692,"_1681":1693,"_1683":1694},"pt",{"_1675":1685,"_1677":1686,"_1679":1687,"_1681":1688,"_1683":1689},"rm",{"_1675":1676,"_1677":1678,"_1679":1680,"_1681":1682,"_1683":1684},"cookie","Nus duvrain mo cookies essenzials e funcziunals. Nagina analitica, nagin tracking.","dataLang","La Svizra ha quatter linguas naziunalas, e questas datas datti en pliras da quellas. Intgins records èn plurilings, auters mo en ina lingua. Vus pudais tscherner en tge lingua ch'il cuntegn vegn mussà; sche vossa tscherna n'è betg disponibla per in record, vegnan duvradas las autras linguas en in urden da prioritad fix. Quai è independent da la lingua da l'interfatscha. As lascha reglar sut Configuraziuns › Lingua dal cuntegn (sura a dretga).","alt","Questa pagina è era disponibla per rumantsch.","switch","Mussar per rumantsch","dismiss","Betg pli mussar","Utilizamos apenas cookies essenciais e funcionais. Sem análises, sem rastreio.","A Suíça tem quatro línguas nacionais, e estes dados existem em várias delas. Alguns registos estão em várias línguas, outros apenas numa. Pode escolher em que idioma os conteúdos são apresentados; quando a sua escolha não está disponível para um registo, as restantes línguas são usadas por uma ordem de prioridade fixa. Isto é independente do idioma da interface. Configure em Definições › Idioma dos conteúdos (canto superior direito).","Esta página também está disponível em português.","Ver em português","Não mostrar novamente","Solo utilizamos cookies esenciales y funcionales. Sin análisis, sin seguimiento.","Suiza tiene cuatro lenguas nacionales, y estos datos existen en varias de ellas. Algunos registros están en varias lenguas, otros en una sola. Puede elegir en qué idioma se muestra el contenido; cuando su elección no está disponible para un registro, se utilizan las demás lenguas en un orden de prioridad fijo. Esto es independiente del idioma de la interfaz. 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Certaines entrées sont en plusieurs langues, d'autres dans une seule. Vous pouvez choisir la langue d'affichage du contenu ; si votre choix n'est pas disponible pour une entrée, les autres langues sont utilisées selon un ordre de priorité défini. Ceci est indépendant de la langue de l'interface. Réglable dans Paramètres › Langue du contenu (en haut à droite).","Cette page est aussi disponible en français.","Voir en français","Ne plus afficher","Wir verwenden nur essenzielle, funktionale Cookies. Keine Analyse, kein Tracking.","Die Schweiz hat vier Landessprachen, und diese Daten liegen in mehreren davon vor. Manche Einträge sind mehrsprachig, andere nur in einer Sprache. Sie können wählen, in welcher Sprache die Inhalte angezeigt werden; ist Ihre Wahl für einen Eintrag nicht verfügbar, werden die übrigen Sprachen in einer festen Prioritätsreihenfolge verwendet. Dies ist unabhängig von der Oberflächensprache. Einstellbar unter Einstellungen › Inhaltssprache (oben rechts).","Diese Seite ist auch auf Deutsch verfügbar.","Auf Deutsch anzeigen","Nicht mehr anzeigen","We use only essential, functional cookies. No analytics, no tracking.","Switzerland has four national languages, and this data comes in several of them. Some records are in multiple languages, some in only one. You can choose which language the content is shown in; when your choice isn't available for a record, the remaining languages are used in a set priority order. This is independent of the interface language. Set it under Settings › Content language (top right).","This page is also available in English.","View in English","Don't show again","settings",{"_1783":1784,"_1785":1786,"_1787":1142,"_1788":1789,"_1790":1144,"_1791":1146,"_1792":1793,"_1794":1795,"_1796":1797,"_1798":1799,"_1800":1801,"_615":616,"_1802":1803,"_1804":1805,"_1806":1807,"_1808":1809,"_1810":1811},"nav",{"_1607":1729,"_1730":1731,"_1732":665,"_1733":1734,"_1735":1736,"_1616":1617,"_1618":1619,"_1620":1621,"_1622":1623,"_1609":310,"_70":506,"_1611":396,"_1610":462,"_74":320,"_1614":429,"_1282":350,"_81":340,"_1612":330,"_1613":360,"_1615":370,"_1737":1722,"_1738":1739,"_1585":1586,"_1740":1741,"_1587":1588,"_1742":1743,"_1744":1745,"_1746":1747,"_1748":1749,"_1750":1751,"_1752":1753,"_1754":1755,"_1756":1757,"_1758":1759,"_1760":1761,"_1762":1763,"_1764":1765,"_1766":1767,"_1768":1769,"_1770":1771,"_1772":1773,"_1774":1775,"_1776":1726,"_1777":1778,"_1779":1780,"_1781":1782},{"_1675":1710,"_1677":1711,"_1679":1712,"_1681":1713,"_1683":1714},{"_1721":1722,"_1723":1724,"_1725":1726,"_1727":1728},"project.title","Project","project.desc","About parlhub: what the portal is, answers to common questions, and how the data fits together.","experiments.title","Experiments","experiments.desc","Experimental analyses and methodology showcases on parlhub, including the Wordfish scaling of parliaments from their speeches.","parlhub home","skip_to_content","Skip to main content","explore","start","Start here","start_desc","Quicklinks to chambers, cantons and communes","project","project_desc","The project at a glance","about_desc","What parlhub is and who is behind it","faq_desc","Answers to common questions","sustainability","Sustainability","sustainability_desc","How parlhub is hosted and what it costs the planet","accessibility","Accessibility","accessibility_desc","What works, what doesn't, and how to report a barrier","traffic_stats","Traffic statistics","traffic_stats_desc","Which parts of the site get requested, and by whom","imprint","Imprint","imprint_desc","Who runs parlhub, contact, and the licenses","github","GitHub","github_desc","The project's source code on GitHub","data_guide","Data guide","data_guide_desc","Every kind of data, in plain terms, with examples","data_map","Data map","data_map_desc","How the data fits together, at a glance","methodology","Methodology","methodology_desc","How each figure is calculated, with links to the code","experiments","experiments_desc","Experimental analyses and methodology write-ups","wordfish","Wordfish scaling","wordfish_desc","Placing members on an axis by the words in their speeches","menu_label","Settings","appearance","Appearance","theme","theme_system","System","theme_light","theme_dark","font_size","Font size","font_size_decrease","Decrease font size","font_size_increase","Increase font size","high_contrast","High contrast","grayscale","Grayscale","interface_language","Interface","content_language","Content language","content_language_auto","Auto (follow interface)","content_language_note","Language of the displayed data (names, titles, texts). Independent of the interface; when a record isn't available, the next language is used.","content_language_priority","Priority",{"_1787":1813,"_1792":1814,"_1815":217,"_1816":204,"_1817":204,"_1818":217,"_1819":-5},"system",100,"show_cookie_consent_message","ui_high_contrast","ui_grayscale","msg_lang_hint","content_lang"]