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Im Zuge der Fusion UBS/SBV wurde für die Schweiz ein Stellenabbau von rund 7000 Stellen angekündigt. In etwa 1800 Fällen soll es zu Kündigungen kommen. In diesem Zusammenhang bitte ich den Bundesrat um die Beantwortung der folgenden Fragen:

1. Was unternimmt der Bundesrat, um gerade in diesen wirtschaftlich schwierigen Zeiten die Banken von Kündigungen, welche fusionsbedingt sind, abzuhalten? Wird das Biga diesbezüglich über das Anbieten von guten Diensten hinaus tätig werden?

2. Die Ankündigung von Entlassungen hat unter dem Personal Angst und Verunsicherung ausgelöst. Mobbing am Arbeitsplatz wird in dieser Atmosphäre stark zunehmen. In welcher Form gedenkt der Bundesrat das Phänomen des Mobbings und des damit verbundenen gewaltigen volkswirtschaftlichen Schadens grundsätzlich anzugehen? Ist er bereit, darüber eine Untersuchung in Auftrag zu geben, welche sich auch über mögliche Massnahmen äussert?

3. Der angekündigte Stellenabbau von rund 7000 Stellen verschärft die Situation auf dem Arbeitsmarkt und erhöht das Risiko zusätzlicher Arbeitslosigkeit beträchtlich. Teilt der Bundesrat die Meinung, dass über neue Arbeitszeitmodelle, den Abbau von Überstunden und die Herabsetzung der wöchentlichen Arbeitszeit von 42 Stunden bei Banken mindestens ein Teil dieser Arbeitsplatzvernichtung verhindert werden kann? In welcher Form kann er hier tätig werden?

4. Der Lehrstellenmarkt ist seit einigen Jahren stark unter Druck geraten. Der angekündigte Arbeitsplatzabbau birgt die Gefahr in sich, dass auch das Lehrstellenangebot verkleinert wird. Wie will sich der Bundesrat dafür einsetzen, dass die Anzahl der Lehrstellen auch nach der Fusion nicht abnimmt, vor allem aber, dass in der dualen Berufsbildung der breiten Grundausbildung noch mehr Gewicht beigemessen wird? Ist er bereit, ein Anreizsystem für Lehrstellen auch nach dem Auslaufen des Lehrstellenbeschlusses vom 30. April 1997 weiterzuführen?

5. Trifft es zu, dass die gesamten Restrukturierungskosten dieser Fusion 1997 von der Rechnung abgesetzt werden und so gigantische Steuerausfälle entstehen? Was gedenkt der Bundesrat dagegen zu unternehmen?

","affair_title",17339,"19973628_14","Antwort BR / Büro","

1. Das Bundesamt für Wirtschaft und Arbeit (BWA) hat sich am 10. Dezember 1997, zwei Tage nach Bekanntgabe des Fusionsentscheides, mit den Vertretern der neuen Bank getroffen. Die 1800 in der Schweiz angekündigten Entlassungen bilden eine Obergrenze. Die Zahl der tatsächlichen Entlassungen kann dank besserer Ausnützung der natürlichen Fluktuationsrate noch deutlich gesenkt werden. Anlässlich dieses ersten Treffens haben sich die Bankenvertreter bereit erklärt, alles zu tun, um Entlassungen zu vermeiden. Die beiden Parteien sind an der Fortsetzung dieser Kontakte interessiert. Das Datum der nächsten Sitzung wurde auf den 13. Februar 1998 festgesetzt, d. h. auf einen Zeitpunkt nach den beiden Generalversammlungen, welche einberufen werden, um über die Bankenfusion zu befinden, sowie nach dem erwarteten Ende der Treffen zwischen den Banken und den Gewerkschaften. Zwischenzeitlich wird das BWA durch die Bankenvertreter über den Fortschritt in den Gesprächen unter den Sozialpartnern auf dem laufenden gehalten.

2. Das BWA hat 1991 eine erste Studie mit dem Titel \"Arbeitsbedingungen und Gesundheitszustand\" veröffentlicht. Diese Untersuchung erstreckte sich auch auf die psychosozialen Bedingungen, namentlich im Bereich der zwischenmenschlichen Beziehungen. Die Mehrheit der Wissenschafter erachtete das Mobbing als eine besonders ausgeprägte Form von sozialem Stress. Dies ist der Grund, warum das BWA beschlossen hat, eine neue, dem Problem Stress und der Bewertung seiner wirtschaftlichen Folgen im schweizerischen Umfeld gewidmete umfassende Studie zu lancieren. Der Bundesrat schätzt, dass er dadurch in die Lage versetzt wird, die Bedeutung aller Stressfaktoren (darunter auch das Mobbing) in der Gesamtheit der betroffenen Parameter zu bewerten. Schliesslich ist zu betonen, dass die schweizerische Gesetzgebung in diesem Bereich keine Lücken aufweist. Im Bereich des Arbeitsvertragsrechtes umfasst der Schutz der Persönlichkeit des Arbeitnehmers auch den Schutz gegen das Mobbing, wofür spezifisch der Arbeitgeber die Verantwortung trägt. Der Arbeitgeber ist gehalten, die erforderlichen Massnahmen zu ergreifen, um den Schutz der Gesundheit zu gewährleisten und zu verbessern sowie die körperliche und seelische Integrität des Arbeitnehmers zu wahren. Der Kommentar der Verordnung 3 des Arbeitsgesetzes erwähnt übrigens das Problem des Mobbings auf spezifische Weise.

3. Der Bundesrat bedauert den Abbau von Arbeitsplätzen in der Schweiz und ist der Überzeugung, dass sich dieser Abbau durch geeignete Massnahmen im Bereich der Arbeitszeit kurzfristig abfedern lässt. Das Treffen zwischen dem BWA und den Banken brachte ebenfalls Klarheit über den Willen der Banken, die Teilzeitarbeit zu fördern und weiterzuentwickeln; diesbezüglich wurden insbesondere die Einführung von Jahresarbeitszeitmodellen sowie die Entwicklung anderer Arbeitszeitmodelle ins Auge gefasst. Was die Überstunden anbelangt, so sind die bezahlten Überstunden nach einer kürzlich durchgeführten Umfrage nicht derart hoch, als dass sich damit grosse Kompensationen machen liessen. Die Frage einer Reduktion der wöchentlichen Normalarbeitszeit ist grundsätzlich eine Verhandlungsfrage zwischen den Sozialpartnern.

4. Das BWA erhielt die Zusicherung, dass die zurzeit beschäftigten Lehrlinge ihre Ausbildung im Unternehmen der neuen Bank zu Ende führen können. Was die bereits für 1998 abgeschlossenen Lehrverträge anbelangt, bleiben sie unverändert. Die Zahl der künftigen Lehrverträge hängt von verschiedenen Faktoren ab, doch sollte die Fusion diesbezüglich keine nachteiligen Auswirkungen haben. Die Bankenvertreter zeigten sich optimistisch: Die Konzentration der kleinen Filialen sollte auf die berufliche Ausbildung in qualitativer und quantitativer Hinsicht günstige Auswirkungen haben. Eine positive quantitative Wirkung könnte sich dadurch ergeben, dass zu kleine Filialen vielfach nicht mehr in der Lage sind, überhaupt Lehrlinge auszubilden, während grössere Filialen dies eher und auch qualitativ besser tun können. Die Banken sehen die Lehre weiterhin als einen wichtigen Pfeiler der Ausbildung im Bankenbereich an. Die Leitung des Bundesamtes für Berufsbildung und Technologie (BBT) wird im 1. Quartal 1998 mit der United Bank of Switzerland Kontakt aufnehmen, um darauf einzuwirken, dass auch in Zukunft möglichst viele Lehrstellen angeboten werden. Gegenwärtig werden die Ausbildungsvorschriften für die kaufmännischen Angestellten revidiert. Dabei achtet das dafür verantwortliche BBT nicht nur darauf, dass die Ausbildung den veränderten Qualifikationsanforderungen zu genügen vermag, sondern es berücksichtigt bei seinen Arbeiten auch die Ausbildungsbereitschaft der Unternehmen. An den Pilotversuchen für die neue Ausbildung beteiligen sich die Banken mit grossem Interesse. Wie bisher soll aber die kaufmännische Grundausbildung so breit angelegt sein, dass die gelernten Berufsleute nach ihrer Lehre einer kaufmännischen Tätigkeit in verschiedensten Wirtschaftszweigen nachgehen können; ebenso soll sie eine solide Grundlage für die berufliche Weiterbildung darstellen, welche gerade im Bankensektor eine sehr wichtige Rolle spielt.

Die nationalrätliche Kommission für Wissenschaft, Bildung und Kultur (WBK) führt gegenwärtig eine breite Konsultation zu möglichen Anreizsystemen für Lehrstellen durch. Deren Ergebnisse und die Erfahrungen mit dem Lehrstellenbeschluss vom 30. April 1997 finden Eingang in eine allfällige, vorgezogene Revision des Berufsbildungsgesetzes und in den Entwurf für ein revidiertes Berufsbildungsgesetz, welchen der Bundesrat den eidgenössischen Räten bis Ende 1998 unterbreiten wird.

5. Die durch eine Verringerung des Gewinns der neuen Bank aufgrund der Restrukturierungskosten für den Bund entstehenden Steuerausfälle lassen sich praktisch nicht schätzen. Vorerst ist festzuhalten, dass sich die Restrukturierungskosten auf mehrere Jahre verteilen dürften. Ferner gilt es zu beachten, dass die Restrukturierungskosten teilweise im Ausland anfallen und in diesem Ausmass die schweizerischen Fiskaleinnahmen grundsätzlich nicht vermindern werden. Geschäftsmässig begründete Aufwendungen einer Unternehmung müssen vom Fiskus akzeptiert werden. Dabei ist zu bedenken, dass insbesondere Restrukturierungskosten für die Empfänger der entsprechenden Leistungen grundsätzlich steuerbare Einkünfte darstellen. Im übrigen darf festgehalten werden, dass die Restrukturierung nach Darstellung der UBS/SBV letztlich gesamthaft zu einer Gewinnsteigerung der fusionierten Unternehmung führen wird. Davon wird der Fiskus gegebenenfalls profitieren können.

Antwort des Bundesrates.",17338,"19973628_1","Titel des 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group/body name, function and membership type.","controls_search_hint_interests","Searches organisation name, function and parliamentary group.","controls_search_hint_votes","Searches the voting title and the affair title.","controls_search_hint_access_badges","Searches guests' name and organisation.","controls_search_hint_contributors","Searches the affair title.","controls_search_hint_speeches","Searches the speech text.","controls_sort_status","Sorted by {field}, {direction}","sort_affair_date","Affair date","sort_role","Role","sort_affair_type","Affair type","sort_affair_number","Affair number","sort_valid_from","Valid from","sort_valid_to","Valid until","sort_version","facet_latest","Latest","gender_f","Female","gender_m","Male","gender_d","Diverse","lang_de","German","lang_fr","French","lang_it","Italian","lang_rm","Romansh","lang_en","English","lang_es","Spanish","bodies_title","affairs_title","no_bodies","No institutions found.","facet_has_parliament","With parliament","sort_canton","Canton","sort_position","Order","sort_population","Population","controls_search_placeholder_bodies","Search institutions…","controls_search_hint_bodies","Searches name, canton and key.","body_population","Residents","body_seats","Seats","controls_no_results","No matches for your search.","controls_filter_search","controls_loading","Loading results…","body_section_profile","Profile","body_has_parliament","Has parliament","body_languages","Languages","body_seats_legislative","Seats (legislative)","body_executive","Executive","body_seats_executive","Seats (executive)","body_consultations","Consultations","body_elections_votings","Elections & votings","body_flag","Flag","body_key_label","Body key","body_source_lang","Source language","body_people_directory_title","All people of this institution","body_composition_title","Current composition","body_chambers_title","Chambers","body_votings_title","no_votings","No recorded votings.","controls_search_placeholder_votings","Search votings…","controls_search_hint_votings","body_affairs_title","no_affairs","No recorded affairs.","affair_untitled","Untitled affair","affair_long_title","Full title","affair_number","Number","affair_official_record","affair_external_id","External ID","affair_agenda_section","Agenda items","controls_search_placeholder_affairs","Search affairs…","controls_search_hint_affairs","Searches affair title and affair number.","sort_affair_title","facet_state","State","view_all_votings","View all votings","view_all_affairs","View all affairs","external_link","External link","docs_title","docs_loading","Searching documents…","section_docs","no_docs","No documents.","view_all_docs","View all documents","controls_search_placeholder_docs","Search documents…","controls_search_hint_docs","Searches name and category.","facet_category","Category","facet_format","Format","facet_lang","facet_case","Case sensitive","facet_word","Whole word","facet_match_on","facet_match_off","section_events","no_events","No recorded events.","view_all_events","View full timeline","controls_search_placeholder_events","Search events…","controls_search_hint_events","Searches title, actor and details.","facet_actor_type","Actor type","event_untitled","Event","texts_title","texts_loading","Searching texts…","section_texts","no_texts","No texts.","view_all_texts","View all texts","controls_search_placeholder_texts","Search texts…","controls_search_hint_texts","Searches type and body text.","sort_type","text_untitled","Text","facet_position_country","facet_position_canton","facet_position_city","City","facet_position_commune","Commune","facet_position_other","Other","votings_title","voting_result_section","voting_decision","Decision","voting_meaning_yes","A yes means","voting_meaning_no","A no means","voting_affair","voting_chart_title","How they voted","voting_chart_alt","Seat map of {count} members, coloured by {mode}. {summary}","voting_table_alt","Table of how {count} members voted, one row per member, with their party and parliamentary group.","chart_export","chart_export_title","Export chart","chart_export_failed","Export failed.","chart_exporting","Exporting…","chart_download","Download","chart_close","chart_fullscreen","Fullscreen","chart_title","chart_title_ph","Optional title","chart_subtitle","Subtitle","chart_subtitle_ph","Optional subtitle","chart_colors","Colours & labels","chart_color_for","Colour for","chart_label_for","Label for","chart_reset","chart_order","chart_output","Output","chart_format","chart_theme","Theme","chart_theme_light","Light","chart_theme_dark","Dark","chart_size","Size","chart_options","Options","chart_show_legend","Show legend","chart_transparent","Transparent background","chart_interactive","Interactive","chart_credits","Credit","voting_chart_no_votes","No votes recorded.","voting_chart_seats","seats","voting_chart_no_seatmap","No seat data available.","voting_chart_col_person","Person","voting_chart_col_party","voting_chart_col_group","voting_chart_col_vote","voting_chart_by_party","Vote by party","voting_chart_by_party_seats","Seats by party","voting_chart_colour_by","Colour seats by","voting_chart_majority","Majority","voting_chart_edit","Edit & export","voting_chart_seat_note","Seat positions are illustrative, not the real chamber layout. Open the editor to rearrange the colours, labels and order, and export.","speeches_title","speeches_loading","Searching speeches…","speech_person","Speaker","speech_body","Institution","speech_affair","speech_meeting","groups_title","no_groups","No groups found.","group_untitled","Untitled group","section_meetings","no_meetings","No recorded meetings.","view_all_meetings","View all meetings","meetings_title","meeting_untitled","meeting_upcoming","Upcoming","facet_time","When","facet_upcoming","facet_past","Past","group_abbreviation","Abbreviation","group_description","Description","group_official_record","Official page","group_contact","member_unknown","section_votings","interests_title","interest_details","Details","interest_person","Declared by","interest_body","Granting body","interest_role","interest_type","interest_group","interest_place","Place","interest_period","Period","meeting_details","meeting_type","meeting_state","meeting_number","meeting_location","Location","meeting_period","meeting_group","meeting_body","group_type","description","controls_search_placeholder_meetings","Search meetings …","controls_search_hint_meetings","Name, location or description","section_agendas","no_agendas","No agenda items.","view_all_agendas","View all agenda items","agenda_untitled","speech_speaker_unknown","video","doc_untitled","Document","doc_body","doc_affair","doc_meeting","doc_agenda","section_contributors","Contributors","no_contributors","No contributors.","view_all_contributors","View all contributors","sort_number","topics_title","Most-used words","topics_intro","The words this person uses most across their speeches, with common filler words removed. Tile size shows how often a word is used.","topics_all_time","All time","topics_last_4y","Last 4 years","topics_last_8y","Last 8 years","topics_from","topics_to","topics_speeches","speeches","topics_words","words (filtered)","topics_distinct","distinct words","topics_uses","uses","topics_alt","Treemap of the {count} most-used words, sized by how often each is used. {ctx}","topics_table_alt","Table of the {count} most-used words and how often each is used. {ctx}","topics_table_toggle","Show as table","topics_table_word","Word","topics_empty","No speeches with usable text in this period. Try widening the range.","loyalty_title","Party loyalty","loyalty_subtitle","Share of a member's votes cast against their group's majority line (higher = more independent). Abstentions count as a position.","loyalty_axis","Dissent rate: share of votes against own group","loyalty_dissent","dissent","loyalty_ballots","votes","loyalty_empty","No votes in this period meet the thresholds for a loyalty score. Widen the range.","loyalty_chart_alt","Beeswarm plot of the dissent rate of {count} members, one dot per member, coloured by party. {ctx}","loyalty_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their votes, dissents and dissent rate. {ctx}","loyalty_col_member","loyalty_col_party","loyalty_col_group","loyalty_col_ballots","loyalty_col_dissents","Against","loyalty_col_rate","Dissent","loyalty_from","loyalty_to","loyalty_scale","Scale","loyalty_scale_log","Log","loyalty_scale_linear","Linear","loyalty_filters","Filters","cohesion_title","Group cohesion","cohesion_hint","mean Agreement Index (1 = unanimous)","section_alignment","Voting alignment","no_alignment","Not enough shared votes to compare.","view_all_alignment","View full alignment","alignment_agreed_of_shared","agreed on {agreed} of {shared} shared votes","sort_agreement","Agreement","sort_shared","Shared votes","facet_min_shared","Min. shared","min_shared_10","≥ 10","min_shared_20","≥ 20","min_shared_50","≥ 50","min_shared_100","≥ 100","section_body_alignment","body_alignment_subtitle","How members of this chamber vote relative to one another, from the votes they have in common. In the map, members who vote alike sit close together and opponents far apart. Colours are parties, so blocs and coalitions show up as clusters. The grid gives the average agreement between each pair of parties (the diagonal is each party's own internal cohesion).","alignment_from","alignment_to","alignment_view","View","alignment_view_scatter","Map","alignment_view_heatmap","Party grid","alignment_empty","Not enough votes in this window to build the model.","alignment_window_note","Most meaningful within a single legislative period: the model compares members from the votes they have in common. If the window spans an election or a change in composition, members with different terms barely overlap and positions become less comparable.","alignment_no_parties","No party groups to compare in this window.","alignment_scatter_alt","Scatter plot of {count} members placed by how similarly they voted, coloured by party. {ctx}","alignment_pairs","pairs","alignment_heatmap_note","Each cell is the average agreement between members of the two parties (diagonal = a party's internal cohesion). ± is the 95% confidence range and n the number of member-pairs behind it. A small range over many pairs means the alignment is well-established; a wide range means it's only suggestive.","alignment_heatmap_alt","Grid of the average voting agreement between {count} parties. {ctx}","alignment_members_heading","Members","alignment_members_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their agreement with the chamber and with their own party. {ctx}","alignment_col_member","alignment_col_party","alignment_col_votes","alignment_col_chamber","Aligns with chamber","alignment_col_party_align","Within party","alignment_zoom_in","Zoom in","alignment_zoom_out","Zoom out","alignment_zoom_reset","Reset zoom","alignment_filters","section_lobby","Lobby network","lobby_subtitle","The organizations members of this chamber declare in their register of interests, and where those ties overlap. In the network, members are dots (coloured by party) and organizations shared by two or more members are squares. Members who share the same organizations pull together. The breakdown shows how many mandates are paid versus unpaid, and who holds the most.","lobby_empty","No declared interests for this chamber in this window.","lobby_no_shared","No organizations are shared by two or more members here. See the breakdown.","lobby_network_alt","Network graph of {members} members and the {orgs} organizations they share, linked by declared interests. {ctx}","lobby_mandates","mandates","lobby_members_tied","members","lobby_unknown","Unknown","lobby_org_node","Organization","lobby_payment_heading","Paid vs unpaid mandates","lobby_top_orgs","Most-shared organizations","lobby_top_members","Members by mandates","discussion_title","Speech profiles","discussion_intro","Where members sit on a latent axis derived purely from the words they use in their speeches (Wordfish scaling).","discussion_calculating","Scaling speeches…","lobby_calculating","Computing lobby network…","discussion_error","The speech scaling could not be computed.","discussion_converged","Model converged","discussion_not_converged","Model did not fully converge. Read positions with extra caution.","discussion_members_scored","Members scored","discussion_vocab","Vocabulary","discussion_window","Window","discussion_show_all","discussion_show_reliable","Reliable only","discussion_methodology","How this is computed","discussion_range_label","Time range","discussion_range_1y","1 year","discussion_range_2y","2 years","discussion_range_4y","4 years","discussion_range_8y","8 years","discussion_plot_alt","Beeswarm plot of {count} members placed along a word-choice axis, one dot per member. {ctx}","discussion_plot_caption","Each dot is one member, placed by the words they use in their speeches. Members who reach for the same distinctive words sit close together; members who talk very differently sit far apart. So a member's spot isn't assigned by us; it comes out of how they actually speak. For example, someone who keeps saying “tax”, “budget” and “spending” lands far from someone who mostly says “asylum”, “border” and “integration”. Hover any dot for its details. Filled dots have enough speech to place reliably; hollow rings spoke too little, so read their position with caution.","discussion_empty","No speeches are available for this parliament, so its members can't be placed on the axis. This scaling reads the words members actually speak, and the data set only holds speech transcripts for a few parliaments: the federal chambers and a handful of cantons such as Bern, Basel-Stadt or St. Gallen. You can also try a longer time range above.","discussion_empty_sparse","There is too little speech transcript text for this parliament to place its members on the axis. Try a longer time range above.","discussion_pole_a","One pole","discussion_pole_b","Other pole","discussion_col_party","discussion_key_filled","Enough text (reliable)","discussion_key_ring","Below the word floor (low confidence)","discussion_align_title","Does the axis track party?","discussion_align_hint","How much of the spread in positions is explained by party membership (η²): 100% = parties are perfectly separated, ~0% = party tells you nothing.","discussion_align_strong","parties are clearly separated","discussion_align_moderate","parties are partly separated","discussion_align_weak","party barely explains the axis","discussion_poles_title","What the axis is made of","discussion_poles_hint","The words that most pull members towards each pole. The axis only means something once you read these. Its direction is arbitrary.","discussion_no_party","No party","discussion_col_name","discussion_col_position","Position","discussion_col_words","Words","discussion_col_speeches","discussion_low_confidence","low confidence","discussion_table_title","discussion_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their position on the word-choice axis. {ctx}","discussion_read_title","How to read this","discussion_read_direction","The axis direction is arbitrary: Wordfish finds the split, not which side is “left” or “right”. Read the word poles to see what each side means.","discussion_read_uncertainty","Positions are standardized, so the spread is a convention, not a real distance. Wider error bars (and hollow dots) mean less certainty, so don't over-read those members.","discussion_read_confound","Speech style reflects role as much as ideology: committee chairs, ministers and frequent speakers can land at a pole because of what they do, not only what they believe.","organizations_title","organizations_none","No organizations.","org_members","org_mandates","org_bodies","org_members_heading","org_members_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their party, body, role, payment and period. {ctx}","org_no_members","No members.","org_col_member","org_col_party","org_col_body","org_col_role","org_col_payment","Payment","org_col_period","sort_members","sort_mandates","Mandates","interest_unknown","lobby_panel_person","Declared organizations","lobby_panel_org","Members with this mandate","lobby_table_heading","Who is tied to what","lobby_table_explain","The full matrix marks every member against every shared organization: one dot per declared tie, the exhaustive view of who is tied to what.","lobby_table_large","For this chamber that is","lobby_table_cells","cells","lobby_table_show","Show table","lobby_table_alt","Table marking each of {count} members against the {orgs} organizations they are tied to, one dot per declared tie. {ctx}","lobby_select_hint","Select a member or organization to see its ties.","lobby_filters","lobby_error","The lobby network could not be computed.","lobby_clear_selection","Clear selection","close","not_found_person","Person not found","not_found_body","Parliament not found","not_found_affair","Affair not found","not_found_group","Committee or group not found","not_found_voting","Voting not found","not_found_meeting","Meeting not found","not_found_interest","Interest not found","not_found_organization","Organization not found","not_found_text","Text not found","not_found_doc","Document not found","not_found_speech","Speech not found","not_found_hint","There is no entry with the ID {id}. It may have been removed, or the link may be outdated.","not_found_back","Back to the overview","about","About","faq","FAQ","section_title","section_title_bodies","section_title_affairs","section_title_votings","section_title_texts","section_title_docs","section_subtitle_search","section_subtitle_discussion",{"_1588":1589,"_1605":771,"_1606":1607,"_1608":1609,"_1610":958,"_1289":531,"_1263":331,"_78":535,"_1611":538,"_1594":341,"_1612":1613,"_1614":742,"_1396":291,"_74":301,"_1591":443,"_19":311,"_76":541,"_81":321,"_1615":1068,"_1616":1202,"_1617":1238,"_1618":1202,"_1619":1620,"_1621":1202,"_1622":1623,"_1624":531,"_1625":710,"_1626":1202,"_1627":1609,"_1628":535,"_1595":410,"_1629":1630,"_1201":1202,"_1631":648,"_1214":1202,"_72":546,"_1632":1424,"_1633":1281,"_1634":1319,"_1635":1613,"_1636":1408,"_1596":351,"_1637":1400,"_1638":1202},"section_switcher",{"_1586":1587,"_1588":1589,"_1590":291,"_70":487,"_74":301,"_1591":443,"_1592":377,"_1263":331,"_81":321,"_1593":311,"_1594":341,"_1595":410,"_1596":351,"_1597":1598,"_1599":1600,"_1601":1602,"_1603":1604},"section_title_speeches","section_title_groups","section_title_interests","section_title_meetings","section_title_organizations","label_section","Section","home","Home","people","affairs","groups","documents","interests","meetings","organizations","group_parliament","Actors","group_proceedings","Proceedings","group_records","Records","group_lobbying","Lobbying","search","eyebrow","Data on {{name}}","overview","Overview","personal_data","memberships","access_badges","Lobby","images","texts_overview","text_details","docs_overview","doc_details","votings_overview","Voting","voting_details","voting_diagram","Diagram","voting_tally","speeches_overview","speech_details","groups_overview","contributions","interests_overview","Interest","meetings_overview","vocabulary","loyalty","alignment","lobby","discussion","organizations_overview","org_details",{"_1696":1697,"_1698":1699,"_1640":1700,"_242":1701},"intro",{"_1642":1643,"_1644":1645,"_1646":1647,"_1648":1649,"_1650":1651,"_1652":1653,"_1654":1655},"en",{"_1656":1691,"_1658":1692,"_1660":1693,"_1662":1694,"_1664":1695},"de",{"_1656":1686,"_1658":1687,"_1660":1688,"_1662":1689,"_1664":1690},"fr",{"_1656":1681,"_1658":1682,"_1660":1683,"_1662":1684,"_1664":1685},"it",{"_1656":1676,"_1658":1677,"_1660":1678,"_1662":1679,"_1664":1680},"es",{"_1656":1671,"_1658":1672,"_1660":1673,"_1662":1674,"_1664":1675},"pt",{"_1656":1666,"_1658":1667,"_1660":1668,"_1662":1669,"_1664":1670},"rm",{"_1656":1657,"_1658":1659,"_1660":1661,"_1662":1663,"_1664":1665},"cookie","Nus duvrain mo cookies essenzials e funcziunals. Nagina analitica, nagin tracking.","dataLang","La Svizra ha quatter linguas naziunalas, e questas datas datti en pliras da quellas. Intgins records èn plurilings, auters mo en ina lingua. Vus pudais tscherner en tge lingua ch'il cuntegn vegn mussà; sche vossa tscherna n'è betg disponibla per in record, vegnan duvradas las autras linguas en in urden da prioritad fix. Quai è independent da la lingua da l'interfatscha. As lascha reglar sut Configuraziuns › Lingua dal cuntegn (sura a dretga).","alt","Questa pagina è era disponibla per rumantsch.","switch","Mussar per rumantsch","dismiss","Betg pli mussar","Utilizamos apenas cookies essenciais e funcionais. Sem análises, sem rastreio.","A Suíça tem quatro línguas nacionais, e estes dados existem em várias delas. Alguns registos estão em várias línguas, outros apenas numa. Pode escolher em que idioma os conteúdos são apresentados; quando a sua escolha não está disponível para um registo, as restantes línguas são usadas por uma ordem de prioridade fixa. Isto é independente do idioma da interface. Configure em Definições › Idioma dos conteúdos (canto superior direito).","Esta página também está disponível em português.","Ver em português","Não mostrar novamente","Solo utilizamos cookies esenciales y funcionales. Sin análisis, sin seguimiento.","Suiza tiene cuatro lenguas nacionales, y estos datos existen en varias de ellas. Algunos registros están en varias lenguas, otros en una sola. Puede elegir en qué idioma se muestra el contenido; cuando su elección no está disponible para un registro, se utilizan las demás lenguas en un orden de prioridad fijo. Esto es independiente del idioma de la interfaz. Configúrelo en Ajustes › Idioma del contenido (arriba a la derecha).","Esta página también está disponible en español.","Ver en español","No volver a mostrar","Utilizziamo solo cookie essenziali e funzionali. Nessuna analisi, nessun tracciamento.","La Svizzera ha quattro lingue nazionali e questi dati esistono in diverse di esse. Alcune voci sono in più lingue, altre in una sola. Puoi scegliere in quale lingua mostrare i contenuti; se la tua scelta non è disponibile per una voce, vengono usate le altre lingue secondo un ordine di priorità prestabilito. Questo è indipendente dalla lingua dell'interfaccia. Impostabile in Impostazioni › Lingua del contenuto (in alto a destra).","Questa pagina è disponibile anche in italiano.","Vedi in italiano","Non mostrare più","Nous utilisons uniquement des cookies essentiels et fonctionnels. Aucune analyse, aucun suivi.","La Suisse a quatre langues nationales, et ces données existent dans plusieurs d'entre elles. Certaines entrées sont en plusieurs langues, d'autres dans une seule. Vous pouvez choisir la langue d'affichage du contenu ; si votre choix n'est pas disponible pour une entrée, les autres langues sont utilisées selon un ordre de priorité défini. Ceci est indépendant de la langue de l'interface. Réglable dans Paramètres › Langue du contenu (en haut à droite).","Cette page est aussi disponible en français.","Voir en français","Ne plus afficher","Wir verwenden nur essenzielle, funktionale Cookies. Keine Analyse, kein Tracking.","Die Schweiz hat vier Landessprachen, und diese Daten liegen in mehreren davon vor. Manche Einträge sind mehrsprachig, andere nur in einer Sprache. Sie können wählen, in welcher Sprache die Inhalte angezeigt werden; ist Ihre Wahl für einen Eintrag nicht verfügbar, werden die übrigen Sprachen in einer festen Prioritätsreihenfolge verwendet. Dies ist unabhängig von der Oberflächensprache. Einstellbar unter Einstellungen › Inhaltssprache (oben rechts).","Diese Seite ist auch auf Deutsch verfügbar.","Auf Deutsch anzeigen","Nicht mehr anzeigen","We use only essential, functional cookies. No analytics, no tracking.","Switzerland has four national languages, and this data comes in several of them. Some records are in multiple languages, some in only one. You can choose which language the content is shown in; when your choice isn't available for a record, the remaining languages are used in a set priority order. This is independent of the interface language. Set it under Settings › Content language (top right).","This page is also available in English.","View in English","Don't show again","settings",{"_1764":1765,"_1766":1767,"_1768":1123,"_1769":1770,"_1771":1125,"_1772":1127,"_1773":1774,"_1775":1776,"_1777":1778,"_1779":1780,"_1781":1782,"_596":597,"_1783":1784,"_1785":1786,"_1787":1788,"_1789":1790,"_1791":1792},"nav",{"_1588":1710,"_1711":1712,"_1713":646,"_1714":1715,"_1716":1717,"_1597":1598,"_1599":1600,"_1601":1602,"_1603":1604,"_1590":291,"_70":487,"_1592":377,"_1591":443,"_74":301,"_1595":410,"_1263":331,"_81":321,"_1593":311,"_1594":341,"_1596":351,"_1718":1703,"_1719":1720,"_1566":1567,"_1721":1722,"_1568":1569,"_1723":1724,"_1725":1726,"_1727":1728,"_1729":1730,"_1731":1732,"_1733":1734,"_1735":1736,"_1737":1738,"_1739":1740,"_1741":1742,"_1743":1744,"_1745":1746,"_1747":1748,"_1749":1750,"_1751":1752,"_1753":1754,"_1755":1756,"_1757":1707,"_1758":1759,"_1760":1761,"_1762":1763},{"_1656":1691,"_1658":1692,"_1660":1693,"_1662":1694,"_1664":1695},{"_1702":1703,"_1704":1705,"_1706":1707,"_1708":1709},"project.title","Project","project.desc","About parlhub: what the portal is, answers to common questions, and how the data fits together.","experiments.title","Experiments","experiments.desc","Experimental analyses and methodology showcases on parlhub, including the Wordfish scaling of parliaments from their speeches.","parlhub home","skip_to_content","Skip to main content","explore","start","Start here","start_desc","Quicklinks to chambers, cantons and communes","project","project_desc","The project at a glance","about_desc","What parlhub is and who is behind it","faq_desc","Answers to common questions","sustainability","Sustainability","sustainability_desc","How parlhub is hosted and what it costs the planet","accessibility","Accessibility","accessibility_desc","What works, what doesn't, and how to report a barrier","traffic_stats","Traffic statistics","traffic_stats_desc","Which parts of the site get requested, and by whom","imprint","Imprint","imprint_desc","Who runs parlhub, contact, and the licenses","github","GitHub","github_desc","The project's source code on GitHub","data_guide","Data guide","data_guide_desc","Every kind of data, in plain terms, with examples","data_map","Data map","data_map_desc","How the data fits together, at a glance","methodology","Methodology","methodology_desc","How each figure is calculated, with links to the code","experiments","experiments_desc","Experimental analyses and methodology write-ups","wordfish","Wordfish scaling","wordfish_desc","Placing members on an axis by the words in their speeches","menu_label","Settings","appearance","Appearance","theme","theme_system","System","theme_light","theme_dark","font_size","Font size","font_size_decrease","Decrease font size","font_size_increase","Increase font size","high_contrast","High contrast","grayscale","Grayscale","interface_language","Interface","content_language","Content language","content_language_auto","Auto (follow interface)","content_language_note","Language of the displayed data (names, titles, texts). Independent of the interface; when a record isn't available, the next language is used.","content_language_priority","Priority",{"_1768":1794,"_1773":1795,"_1796":200,"_1797":191,"_1798":191,"_1799":200,"_1800":-5},"system",100,"show_cookie_consent_message","ui_high_contrast","ui_grayscale","msg_lang_hint","content_lang"]