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Wegen des Verbots der bisherigen Praxis \"Erhaltung durch Nutzung\" sind 150 alte Kartoffel- und Gemüsesorten bedroht. Im Frühjahr 2009 hat das Bundesamt für Landwirtschaft eine Grenze überschritten, indem es den Handel mit fünf von Pro Specie rara vermarkteten Kartoffelsorten verboten hat. Das ist leider nicht nur ein Schritt hin zur Industrialisierung der Landwirtschaft, sondern auch eine ernsthafte Bedrohung des Grundsatzes der Ernährungssouveränität und der Selbstversorgung.

Da eine restriktive Handhabung der Verordnung noch zur Debatte steht: Wäre es nicht notwendig, die Nachfrage nach diesen Arten in der Schweiz zu berücksichtigen und die langfristige Auswirkungen eines solchen Verbots einheimischer Sorten genauer zu studieren? Schliesslich sind diese an die Umgebung angepasst und ein willkommener Beitrag zur Sortenvielfalt.

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Der Verkauf von Saatgut lokaler Sorten ist in der Schweiz seit 1998 nach Artikel 29 der Saat- und Pflanzgutverordnung (SR 916.151.1) möglich. Im selben Jahr erteilte das Bundesamt für Landwirtschaft (BLW) die Genehmigung für 67 Kartoffel- und 64 Getreidelokalsorten, ohne dass diese die strengen Anforderungen der Saatgutverordnung zu erfüllen hatten. Allerdings beschränkte sich die Genehmigung auf 10 Kilogramm pro Sorte und Jahr.

2008 gingen Gesuche zur Genehmigung grösserer Mengen für 14 Kartoffelsorten ein. Aufgrund der Anforderungen an Lokalsorten und in Übereinstimmung mit einer fachlichen Stellungnahme der Schweizerischen Kommission für die Erhaltung von Kulturpflanzen genehmigte das BLW für 8 Sorten je 25 Tonnen Pflanzgut pro Jahr. Nicht bewilligt wurden 5 Sorten, deren Verwurzelung in der Schweiz nicht gegeben ist.

Das BLW hat erkannt, dass auch für den Anbau alter, ausländischer Landsorten ein gewisser Bedarf besteht. Im Moment ist ein Entwurf zur Änderung der Saat- und Pflanzgutverordnung in der Anhörung. Es soll eine neue Kategorie \"Nischensorten\" eingeführt werden, um dem Bedarf nach Diversifizierung im Pflanzenbau nachzukommen und um, wie es der Name sagt, Nischenmärkte bedienen zu können. Nischensorten sind Lokalsorten, alte Sorten, Ökotypen oder neue Sorten in- oder ausländischer Herkunft, die nur in einem kleinen Umfang angebaut werden, sodass auf die Aufnahme in den Sortenkatalog und die detaillierte, kostspielige Prüfung dieser Sorten verzichtet werden kann. Der Ausdruck Nischensorten ist zutreffender als der bisher gebräuchliche Ausdruck \"Erhaltung durch Nutzung\", da es mehr um die Bedienung von Nischenmärkten als um den Erhalt von Sorten geht.

Können diese Vorschläge in Kraft gesetzt werden, hat die Schweiz das liberalste Saatgutrecht in Europa und unter den Staaten, die an den \"OECD seed schemes\" teilnehmen.

Der Erhalt von Sorten ist in der Schweiz durch die Genbank bei Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil und Sammlungsprojekte im Rahmen des nationalen Aktionsplans zur Erhaltung und Nutzung der pflanzengenetischen Ressourcen für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft sichergestellt.

Zum Erhalt der Nahrungsmittelsouveränität tragen in der Schweiz fast ausschliesslich moderne, züchterisch bearbeitete Sorten bei. Der offizielle Sortenkatalog umfasst mehrere Hundert Kartoffelsorten, womit die Nahrungsmittelsouveränität gewährleistet ist. Sie ermöglichen einen wirtschaftlichen, umweltverträglichen Pflanzenbau, der die Rohstoffe für die lebensmittelverarbeitende Wirtschaft und den Lebensmittelhandel in den gefragten Qualitäten und mit hoher Sicherheit für Konsumentinnen und Konsumenten zur Verfügung stellt.

Antwort des Bundesrates.",71388,"20094071_1","Titel des 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Tile size shows how often a word is used.","topics_all_time","All time","topics_last_4y","Last 4 years","topics_last_8y","Last 8 years","topics_from","topics_to","topics_speeches","speeches","topics_words","words (filtered)","topics_distinct","distinct words","topics_uses","uses","topics_alt","Treemap of the {count} most-used words, sized by how often each is used. {ctx}","topics_table_alt","Table of the {count} most-used words and how often each is used. {ctx}","topics_table_toggle","Show as table","topics_table_word","Word","topics_empty","No speeches with usable text in this period. Try widening the range.","loyalty_title","Party loyalty","loyalty_subtitle","Share of a member's votes cast against their group's majority line (higher = more independent). Abstentions count as a position.","loyalty_axis","Dissent rate: share of votes against own group","loyalty_dissent","dissent","loyalty_ballots","votes","loyalty_empty","No votes in this period meet the thresholds for a loyalty score. Widen the range.","loyalty_chart_alt","Beeswarm plot of the dissent rate of {count} members, one dot per member, coloured by party. {ctx}","loyalty_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their votes, dissents and dissent rate. {ctx}","loyalty_col_member","loyalty_col_party","loyalty_col_group","loyalty_col_ballots","loyalty_col_dissents","Against","loyalty_col_rate","Dissent","loyalty_from","loyalty_to","loyalty_scale","Scale","loyalty_scale_log","Log","loyalty_scale_linear","Linear","cohesion_title","Group cohesion","cohesion_hint","mean Agreement Index (1 = unanimous)","section_alignment","Voting alignment","no_alignment","Not enough shared votes to compare.","view_all_alignment","View full alignment","alignment_agreed_of_shared","agreed on {agreed} of {shared} shared votes","sort_agreement","Agreement","sort_shared","Shared votes","facet_min_shared","Min. shared","min_shared_10","≥ 10","min_shared_20","≥ 20","min_shared_50","≥ 50","min_shared_100","≥ 100","section_body_alignment","body_alignment_subtitle","How members of this chamber vote relative to one another, from the votes they have in common. In the map, members who vote alike sit close together and opponents far apart. Colours are parties, so blocs and coalitions show up as clusters. The grid gives the average agreement between each pair of parties (the diagonal is each party's own internal cohesion).","alignment_from","alignment_to","alignment_view","View","alignment_view_scatter","Map","alignment_view_heatmap","Party grid","alignment_empty","Not enough votes in this window to build the model.","alignment_window_note","Most meaningful within a single legislative period: the model compares members from the votes they have in common. If the window spans an election or a change in composition, members with different terms barely overlap and positions become less comparable.","alignment_no_parties","No party groups to compare in this window.","alignment_scatter_alt","Scatter plot of {count} members placed by how similarly they voted, coloured by party. {ctx}","alignment_pairs","pairs","alignment_heatmap_note","Each cell is the average agreement between members of the two parties (diagonal = a party's internal cohesion). ± is the 95% confidence range and n the number of member-pairs behind it. A small range over many pairs means the alignment is well-established; a wide range means it's only suggestive.","alignment_heatmap_alt","Grid of the average voting agreement between {count} parties. {ctx}","alignment_members_heading","Members","alignment_members_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their agreement with the chamber and with their own party. {ctx}","alignment_col_member","alignment_col_party","alignment_col_votes","alignment_col_chamber","Aligns with chamber","alignment_col_party_align","Within party","alignment_zoom_in","Zoom in","alignment_zoom_out","Zoom out","alignment_zoom_reset","Reset zoom","alignment_filters","Filters","section_lobby","Lobby network","lobby_subtitle","The organizations members of this chamber declare in their register of interests, and where those ties overlap. In the network, members are dots (coloured by party) and organizations shared by two or more members are squares. Members who share the same organizations pull together. The breakdown shows how many mandates are paid versus unpaid, and who holds the most.","lobby_empty","No declared interests for this chamber in this window.","lobby_no_shared","No organizations are shared by two or more members here. See the breakdown.","lobby_network_alt","Network graph of {members} members and the {orgs} organizations they share, linked by declared interests. {ctx}","lobby_mandates","mandates","lobby_members_tied","members","lobby_unknown","Unknown","lobby_org_node","Organization","lobby_payment_heading","Paid vs unpaid mandates","lobby_top_orgs","Most-shared organizations","lobby_top_members","Members by mandates","discussion_title","Speech profiles","discussion_intro","Where members sit on a latent axis derived purely from the words they use in their speeches (Wordfish scaling).","discussion_calculating","Scaling speeches…","lobby_calculating","Computing lobby network…","discussion_error","The speech scaling could not be computed.","discussion_converged","Model converged","discussion_not_converged","Model did not fully converge. Read positions with extra caution.","discussion_members_scored","Members scored","discussion_vocab","Vocabulary","discussion_window","Window","discussion_show_all","discussion_show_reliable","Reliable only","discussion_methodology","How this is computed","discussion_range_label","Time range","discussion_range_1y","1 year","discussion_range_2y","2 years","discussion_range_4y","4 years","discussion_range_8y","8 years","discussion_plot_alt","Beeswarm plot of {count} members placed along a word-choice axis, one dot per member. {ctx}","discussion_plot_caption","Each dot is one member, placed by the words they use in their speeches. Members who reach for the same distinctive words sit close together; members who talk very differently sit far apart. So a member's spot isn't assigned by us; it comes out of how they actually speak. For example, someone who keeps saying “tax”, “budget” and “spending” lands far from someone who mostly says “asylum”, “border” and “integration”. Hover any dot for its details. Filled dots have enough speech to place reliably; hollow rings spoke too little, so read their position with caution.","discussion_empty","No speeches are available for this parliament, so its members can't be placed on the axis. This scaling reads the words members actually speak, and the data set only holds speech transcripts for a few parliaments: the federal chambers and a handful of cantons such as Bern, Basel-Stadt or St. Gallen. You can also try a longer time range above.","discussion_empty_sparse","There is too little speech transcript text for this parliament to place its members on the axis. Try a longer time range above.","discussion_pole_a","One pole","discussion_pole_b","Other pole","discussion_col_party","discussion_key_filled","Enough text (reliable)","discussion_key_ring","Below the word floor (low confidence)","discussion_align_title","Does the axis track party?","discussion_align_hint","How much of the spread in positions is explained by party membership (η²): 100% = parties are perfectly separated, ~0% = party tells you nothing.","discussion_align_strong","parties are clearly separated","discussion_align_moderate","parties are partly separated","discussion_align_weak","party barely explains the axis","discussion_poles_title","What the axis is made of","discussion_poles_hint","The words that most pull members towards each pole. The axis only means something once you read these. Its direction is arbitrary.","discussion_no_party","No party","discussion_col_name","discussion_col_position","Position","discussion_col_words","Words","discussion_col_speeches","discussion_low_confidence","low confidence","discussion_table_title","discussion_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their position on the word-choice axis. {ctx}","discussion_read_title","How to read this","discussion_read_direction","The axis direction is arbitrary: Wordfish finds the split, not which side is “left” or “right”. Read the word poles to see what each side means.","discussion_read_uncertainty","Positions are standardized, so the spread is a convention, not a real distance. Wider error bars (and hollow dots) mean less certainty, so don't over-read those members.","discussion_read_confound","Speech style reflects role as much as ideology: committee chairs, ministers and frequent speakers can land at a pole because of what they do, not only what they believe.","organizations_title","organizations_none","No organizations.","org_members","org_mandates","org_bodies","org_members_heading","org_members_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their party, body, role, payment and period. {ctx}","org_no_members","No members.","org_col_member","org_col_party","org_col_body","org_col_role","org_col_payment","Payment","org_col_period","sort_members","sort_mandates","Mandates","interest_unknown","lobby_panel_person","Declared organizations","lobby_panel_org","Members with this mandate","lobby_table_heading","Who is tied to what","lobby_table_explain","The full matrix marks every member against every shared organization: one dot per declared tie, the exhaustive view of who is tied to what.","lobby_table_large","For this chamber that is","lobby_table_cells","cells","lobby_table_show","Show table","lobby_table_alt","Table marking each of {count} members against the {orgs} organizations they are tied to, one dot per declared tie. {ctx}","lobby_select_hint","Select a member or organization to see its ties.","close","not_found_person","Person not found","not_found_body","Parliament not found","not_found_affair","Affair not found","not_found_group","Committee or group not found","not_found_voting","Voting not found","not_found_meeting","Meeting not found","not_found_interest","Interest not found","not_found_organization","Organization not found","not_found_text","Text not found","not_found_doc","Document not found","not_found_speech","Speech not found","not_found_hint","There is no entry with the ID {id}. It may have been removed, or the link may be outdated.","not_found_back","Back to the overview","about","About","faq","FAQ","section_title","section_title_bodies","section_title_affairs","section_title_votings","section_title_texts","section_title_docs","section_subtitle_search","section_subtitle_discussion",{"_1574":1575,"_1591":776,"_1592":1593,"_1594":1595,"_1596":950,"_1281":538,"_1255":338,"_19":542,"_1597":545,"_1580":348,"_1598":1599,"_1600":747,"_1387":298,"_128":308,"_1577":450,"_133":318,"_130":548,"_135":328,"_1601":1060,"_1602":1194,"_1603":1230,"_1604":1194,"_1605":1606,"_1607":1194,"_1608":1609,"_1610":538,"_1611":715,"_1612":1194,"_1613":1595,"_1614":542,"_1581":417,"_1615":1616,"_1193":1194,"_1617":655,"_1206":1194,"_126":553,"_1618":1415,"_1619":1273,"_1620":1309,"_1621":1599,"_1622":1399,"_1582":358,"_1623":1391,"_1624":1194},"section_switcher",{"_1572":1573,"_1574":1575,"_1576":298,"_124":494,"_128":308,"_1577":450,"_1578":384,"_1255":338,"_135":328,"_1579":318,"_1580":348,"_1581":417,"_1582":358,"_1583":1584,"_1585":1586,"_1587":1588,"_1589":1590},"section_title_speeches","section_title_groups","section_title_interests","section_title_meetings","section_title_organizations","label_section","Section","home","Home","people","affairs","groups","documents","interests","meetings","organizations","group_parliament","Actors","group_proceedings","Proceedings","group_records","Records","group_lobbying","Lobbying","search","eyebrow","Data on {{name}}","overview","Overview","personal_data","memberships","access_badges","Lobby","images","texts_overview","text_details","docs_overview","doc_details","votings_overview","Voting","voting_details","voting_diagram","Diagram","voting_tally","speeches_overview","speech_details","groups_overview","contributions","interests_overview","Interest","meetings_overview","vocabulary","loyalty","alignment","lobby","discussion","organizations_overview","org_details",{"_1682":1683,"_1684":1685,"_1626":1686,"_249":1687},"intro",{"_1628":1629,"_1630":1631,"_1632":1633,"_1634":1635,"_1636":1637,"_1638":1639,"_1640":1641},"en",{"_1642":1677,"_1644":1678,"_1646":1679,"_1648":1680,"_1650":1681},"de",{"_1642":1672,"_1644":1673,"_1646":1674,"_1648":1675,"_1650":1676},"fr",{"_1642":1667,"_1644":1668,"_1646":1669,"_1648":1670,"_1650":1671},"it",{"_1642":1662,"_1644":1663,"_1646":1664,"_1648":1665,"_1650":1666},"es",{"_1642":1657,"_1644":1658,"_1646":1659,"_1648":1660,"_1650":1661},"pt",{"_1642":1652,"_1644":1653,"_1646":1654,"_1648":1655,"_1650":1656},"rm",{"_1642":1643,"_1644":1645,"_1646":1647,"_1648":1649,"_1650":1651},"cookie","Nus duvrain mo cookies essenzials e funcziunals. Nagina analitica, nagin tracking.","dataLang","La Svizra ha quatter linguas naziunalas, e questas datas datti en pliras da quellas. Intgins records èn plurilings, auters mo en ina lingua. Vus pudais tscherner en tge lingua ch'il cuntegn vegn mussà; sche vossa tscherna n'è betg disponibla per in record, vegnan duvradas las autras linguas en in urden da prioritad fix. Quai è independent da la lingua da l'interfatscha. As lascha reglar sut Configuraziuns › Lingua dal cuntegn (sura a dretga).","alt","Questa pagina è era disponibla per rumantsch.","switch","Mussar per rumantsch","dismiss","Betg pli mussar","Utilizamos apenas cookies essenciais e funcionais. Sem análises, sem rastreio.","A Suíça tem quatro línguas nacionais, e estes dados existem em várias delas. Alguns registos estão em várias línguas, outros apenas numa. Pode escolher em que idioma os conteúdos são apresentados; quando a sua escolha não está disponível para um registo, as restantes línguas são usadas por uma ordem de prioridade fixa. Isto é independente do idioma da interface. Configure em Definições › Idioma dos conteúdos (canto superior direito).","Esta página também está disponível em português.","Ver em português","Não mostrar novamente","Solo utilizamos cookies esenciales y funcionales. Sin análisis, sin seguimiento.","Suiza tiene cuatro lenguas nacionales, y estos datos existen en varias de ellas. Algunos registros están en varias lenguas, otros en una sola. Puede elegir en qué idioma se muestra el contenido; cuando su elección no está disponible para un registro, se utilizan las demás lenguas en un orden de prioridad fijo. Esto es independiente del idioma de la interfaz. 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Certaines entrées sont en plusieurs langues, d'autres dans une seule. Vous pouvez choisir la langue d'affichage du contenu ; si votre choix n'est pas disponible pour une entrée, les autres langues sont utilisées selon un ordre de priorité défini. Ceci est indépendant de la langue de l'interface. Réglable dans Paramètres › Langue du contenu (en haut à droite).","Cette page est aussi disponible en français.","Voir en français","Ne plus afficher","Wir verwenden nur essenzielle, funktionale Cookies. Keine Analyse, kein Tracking.","Die Schweiz hat vier Landessprachen, und diese Daten liegen in mehreren davon vor. Manche Einträge sind mehrsprachig, andere nur in einer Sprache. Sie können wählen, in welcher Sprache die Inhalte angezeigt werden; ist Ihre Wahl für einen Eintrag nicht verfügbar, werden die übrigen Sprachen in einer festen Prioritätsreihenfolge verwendet. Dies ist unabhängig von der Oberflächensprache. Einstellbar unter Einstellungen › Inhaltssprache (oben rechts).","Diese Seite ist auch auf Deutsch verfügbar.","Auf Deutsch anzeigen","Nicht mehr anzeigen","We use only essential, functional cookies. No analytics, no tracking.","Switzerland has four national languages, and this data comes in several of them. Some records are in multiple languages, some in only one. You can choose which language the content is shown in; when your choice isn't available for a record, the remaining languages are used in a set priority order. This is independent of the interface language. Set it under Settings › Content language (top right).","This page is also available in English.","View in English","Don't show again","settings",{"_1742":1743,"_1744":1745,"_1746":1115,"_1747":1748,"_1749":1117,"_1750":1119,"_1751":1752,"_1753":1754,"_1755":1756,"_1757":1758,"_1759":1760,"_603":604,"_1761":1762,"_1763":1764,"_1765":1766,"_1767":1768,"_1769":1770},"nav",{"_1574":1696,"_1697":1698,"_1699":653,"_1700":1701,"_1702":1703,"_1583":1584,"_1585":1586,"_1587":1588,"_1589":1590,"_1576":298,"_124":494,"_1578":384,"_1577":450,"_128":308,"_1581":417,"_1255":338,"_135":328,"_1579":318,"_1580":348,"_1582":358,"_1704":1689,"_1705":1706,"_1552":1553,"_1707":1708,"_1554":1555,"_1709":1710,"_1711":1712,"_1713":1714,"_1715":1716,"_1717":1718,"_1719":1720,"_1721":1722,"_1723":1724,"_1725":1726,"_1727":1728,"_1729":1730,"_1731":1732,"_1733":1734,"_1735":1693,"_1736":1737,"_1738":1739,"_1740":1741},{"_1642":1677,"_1644":1678,"_1646":1679,"_1648":1680,"_1650":1681},{"_1688":1689,"_1690":1691,"_1692":1693,"_1694":1695},"project.title","Project","project.desc","About parlhub: what the portal is, answers to common questions, and how the data fits together.","experiments.title","Experiments","experiments.desc","Experimental analyses and methodology showcases on parlhub, including the Wordfish scaling of parliaments from their speeches.","parlhub home","skip_to_content","Skip to main content","explore","start","Start here","start_desc","Quicklinks to chambers, cantons and communes","project","project_desc","The project at a glance","about_desc","What parlhub is and who is behind it","faq_desc","Answers to common questions","sustainability","Sustainability","sustainability_desc","How parlhub is hosted and what it costs the planet","accessibility","Accessibility","accessibility_desc","What works, what doesn't, and how to report a barrier","traffic_stats","Traffic statistics","traffic_stats_desc","Which parts of the site get requested, and by whom","github","GitHub","github_desc","The project's source code on GitHub","data_guide","Data guide","data_guide_desc","Every kind of data, in plain terms, with examples","data_map","Data map","data_map_desc","How the data fits together, at a glance","experiments","experiments_desc","Experimental analyses and methodology write-ups","wordfish","Wordfish scaling","wordfish_desc","Placing members on an axis by the words in their speeches","menu_label","Settings","appearance","Appearance","theme","theme_system","System","theme_light","theme_dark","font_size","Font size","font_size_decrease","Decrease font size","font_size_increase","Increase font size","high_contrast","High contrast","grayscale","Grayscale","interface_language","Interface","content_language","Content language","content_language_auto","Auto (follow interface)","content_language_note","Language of the displayed data (names, titles, texts). Independent of the interface; when a record isn't available, the next language is used.","content_language_priority","Priority",{"_1746":1772,"_1751":1773,"_1774":186,"_1775":178,"_1776":178,"_1777":186,"_1778":-5},"system",100,"show_cookie_consent_message","ui_high_contrast","ui_grayscale","msg_lang_hint","content_lang"]