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Erklärung Urheberin/Urheber: nicht befriedigt

Déclaration auteur/auteurs: non satisfait

[VS]

Diskussion verschoben - Discussion renvoyée

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Im Interesse der Arzneimittelsicherheit, des Patientenschutzes, des Forschungs- und Produktionsstandortes Schweiz der pharmazeutischen Industrie ist die Notwendigkeit einer klar strukturierten, konsistent, effizient und effektiv handelnden Zulassungsbehörde für Arzneimittel unbestritten. Diese Kernaufgabe einer Regulationsbehörde wird durch Swissmedic nur ungenügend wahrgenommen.

Weite Kreise der pharmazeutischen Industrie, des Gross- und Detailhandels beklagen einen unverhältnismässigen formalistischen Bürokratismus, intransparente Zulassungsprozesse, willkürliche Anwendung nationaler und internationaler Richtlinien, eine ungenügende Angleichung der Zulassungsverfahren an internationale Prüfverfahren und übertriebene Forderungen an längst etablierte, unproblematische und \"sanfte\" Produkte.

Das Fehlen verbindlicher und kalkulierbarer Fristen bei der Abarbeitung pendenter Dossiers wird durchwegs beklagt, was zu einem enormen Ressourcenverschleiss führt. Für grosse, internationale Firmen führt dies zu einem Standortnachteil und zu wirtschaftlicher Zusatzbelastung, für Firmen aus dem KMU-Umfeld ist dies unter Umständen existenzbedrohend, vor allem auf dem Hintergrund ständiger massiver Gebührenerhöhungen.

Swissmedic fehlt der Fokus. Trotz grossen Rückständen wird im Rahmen einer übereifrigen Aufsichtsfunktion versucht, die Aktivitäten auf Bereiche auszudehnen, in denen keine gesetzliche Handlungslegitimation besteht. Beispiele sind der Versuch, die Publikation der Arzneimittelinformationen trotz funktionierender privatwirtschaftlicher Lösung staatlich zu vereinnahmen, wie auch Eingriffe in die Wettbewerbsfreiheit im Bereich der Arzneimittelwerbung.

","affair_title",51468,"20063041_5","Eingereichter Text","

1. Wie beurteilt der Bundesrat die Auswirkungen der fehlgerichteten Tätigkeit von Swissmedic auf die Produktevielfalt, die Arbeitsplatzsituation, die Wirtschaftlichkeit und die Preisgestaltung für Hersteller und Vertreiber pharmazeutischer Produkte, namentlich für kleine und mittlere Betriebe und jene rezeptfreier und komplementärmedizinischer Ausrichtung?

2. Durch welche Massnahmen gedenkt der Bundesrat die Ressourcen von Swissmedic auf jene Bereiche zu fokussieren, in denen ein Handlungsbedarf hinsichtlich Arzneimittelsicherheit besteht und eine gesetzliche Basis vorhanden ist?

3. Durch welche Massnahmen will der Bundesrat die Effizienz und Effektivität von Swissmedic nun endlich rasch und nachhaltig herbeiführen bzw. sicherstellen?

4. Durch welche Instruktionen an den Institutsrat gedenkt der Bundesrat die dringend notwendige Fokussierung und Wahrung der Verhältnismässigkeit durchzusetzen?

5. Welches sind für den Bundesrat die messbaren Outputkriterien für die Leistung von Swissmedic?

",51467,"20063041_14","Antwort BR / Büro","

Der Bundesrat hat sich in den letzten Jahren wiederholt zu den Aufgaben, Kompetenzen und zur Unabhängigkeit von Swissmedic, Schweizerisches Heilmittelinstitut, geäussert (vgl. Frage Dormond Béguelin 05.5220; Motion Teuscher 05.3910; Interpellation Heberlein 05.3601; Frage Teuscher 05.1094, Interpellation Huguenin 04.3606; Interpellation Dunant 04.3231; Interpellation Bürgi 04.3096).

Vor dem Inkrafttreten des Heilmittelgesetzes (HMG; SR 812.21) waren die Kantone für die Heilmittelkontrolle zuständig. Mit dem Inkrafttreten des Gesetzes am 1. Januar 2002 wurde für den Arzneimittelbereich eine Bundesregelung eingeführt. Somit wurde zum ersten Mal eine Bundesbehörde mit derart umfassenden Aufgaben und Kompetenzen im Bereich Heilmittel geschaffen. Die neue Gesetzgebung, Strukturen und veränderte Prozesse wirkten sich auf alle Akteure - die pharmazeutische Industrie, die Kantone und den Bund - aus. Nicht in diesem Gesetz geregelt wird hingegen die Preisfestsetzung der Arzneimittel, die von der obligatorischen Krankenpflegeversicherung vergütet werden; diese ist im Bundesgesetz über die Krankenversicherung geregelt.

Zwischen 2002 und 2004 wurde in mehreren Berichten der Geschäftsprüfungskommission des Ständerates (GPK-S) und der Finanzkontrolle (EFK) auf Probleme bei der Organisation der Umsetzung des Gesetzes und der Führung des Instituts hingewiesen. Sowohl Swissmedic als auch das EDI haben Massnahmen ergriffen, um diese Probleme zu beheben (vgl. Stellungnahme des Bundesrates vom 3. Dezember 2004 zum Bericht der GPK-S, BBI 2005, 349). Im November 2005 stellte die GPK-S die gewünschte Konsolidierung fest und teilte dem Bundesrat mit, sie werde ihre Untersuchung abschliessen. Dennoch werde sie die Entwicklung rund um Swissmedic auch weiterhin aufmerksam verfolgen. Die EFK wies zudem auf die Fortschritte hin, die in den Jahren 2003 und 2004 erzielt worden waren.

1. Das HMG und seine Verordnungen legen zusammen mit dem Leistungsauftrag des Bundesrates die Tätigkeit von Swissmedic fest. Swissmedic trägt dazu bei, dass in der Schweiz qualitativ hochstehende, sichere und wirksame Heilmittel in Verkehr gebracht werden.

Wiederholt hat das Institut in den letzten Jahren, auch aufgrund neu erkannter Risiken, Medikamente mit synthetischen Wirkstoffen (z. B. Vioxx) sowie Komplementär- und Phytoarzneimittel (wie etwa Kava-Kava-Präparate) aus dem Markt nehmen müssen. Ebenso intervenierte es, wenn Firmen nicht über die notwendigen Bewilligungen verfügten.

Mit ihrer Arbeitsweise gewährleistet Swissmedic nach Ansicht des Bundesrates ein Ausmass an Arzneimittelsicherheit, von dem die Patientinnen und Patienten sowie das gesamte Gesundheitswesen profitieren. Dies stellt ein wesentlicher Teil des Auftrages von Swissmedic dar.

Was die vom Interpellanten monierte ungenügende Angleichung der Zulassungsverfahren an internationale Prüfverfahren und übertriebenen Forderungen an längst etablierte, unproblematische und \"sanfte\" Produkte betrifft, so hat das Parlament mit dem HMG die wesentlichen Prinzipien der Arzneimittelzulassung festgelegt. Mit wenigen Ausnahmen sind sämtliche Medikamente zulassungspflichtig. Ebenfalls hat der Gesetzgeber bestimmt, welche Arzneimittel von der Zulassung befreit sind und welche von sogenannten vereinfachten Verfahren profitieren können. Die Zulassungsanforderungen entsprechen weitgehend den Bestimmungen der EU und der USA. Sie stellen nicht nur einen vergleichbaren Gesundheitsschutz, sondern auch die Exportfähigkeit vieler Klein- und Mittelbetriebe sicher.

Wiederholt hatten die Kantone, Organisationen und Firmen bei Rechtssetzungsprozessen die Möglichkeit, ihre Anliegen beim Institut einzubringen, sei dies als externe Expertinnen und Experten bei der Erarbeitung der Rechtsnormen oder durch Eingaben anlässlich der fachtechnischen Anhörung. Ihre Argumente führten oftmals zur Überarbeitung der Bestimmungen wie z. B. derjenigen für Komplementär- und Phytoarzneimittel. Viele dieser Medikamente unterliegen neu nur einem Meldeverfahren, was gegenüber ausländischen Regelungen eine Erleichterung darstellt und den betroffenen Firmen deutlich entgegenkommt.

Was die Frage der Gebühren betrifft, so war es der Wille des Parlamentes, dass Swissmedic die Kosten ihrer Tätigkeit mehrheitlich über Gebühren zu finanzieren habe.

Der Bundesrat hat keine Kenntnis von Tätigkeiten, die Swissmedic ausserhalb ihrer Kernaufgaben verfolgen würde. Die Aktivitäten im Zusammenhang mit der Publikation von Arzneimittelinformationen wertet der Bundesrat als Bestreben des Institutes, die Arzneimittelsicherheit in diesem Bereich auch mittel- bis langfristig sicherzustellen. Die betroffenen Bundesstellen suchen derzeit eine optimale Lösung (vgl. die Antwort des Bundesrates zur Interpellation Heberlein 05.3601). Ist für eine überzeugende Lösung eine gesetzliche Grundlage zu schaffen, so wird der Bundesrat dies beantragen.

2./3./5. Der Gesetzgeber hat Swissmedic wegen ihrer Marktüberwachungsfunktionen als Institut im dritten Kreis geschaffen. Damit sollte für ihre Tätigkeit eine grösstmögliche Unabhängigkeit gewährleistet werden. Das Heilmittelinstitut ist in seiner Organisation und Betriebsführung selbstständig. Verantwortlich für die strategische Betriebsführung ist der Institutsrat, operativ ist der Direktor zuständig.

Der Bundesrat steuert Swissmedic über einen Leistungsauftrag, über die Berichterstattung sowie über die Wahl der Organe (Institutsrat, Direktor und Revisionsstelle).

Derzeit wird der nächste Leistungsauftrag 2007-2010 mit einer überarbeiteten Liste von Indikatoren zur Leistungsbewertung erarbeitet. Er wird eine Eignerstrategie enthalten, welche Swissmedic die strategische Ausrichtung vorgibt. Mit den überarbeiteten Instrumenten will der Bund seine Aufsichtsverantwortung besser wahrnehmen können. Gleichzeitig soll aber das Institut nicht übersteuert werden, was die GPK-S 2004 in ihrem Bericht bemängelt hatte.

Effizienz, Effektivität sowie die Beachtung der wirtschaftlichen und politischen Auswirkungen ihrer Tätigkeit werden für Swissmedic auch weiterhin wichtige Prinzipien sein. Wie bei jeder Einheit wird auch bei Swissmedic eine Verbesserung von Organisation und Betriebsführung angestrebt. Dazu gehört auch, den Fokus und den Ressourceneinsatz regelmässig zu überprüfen. Der unlängst vom Bundesrat wiedergewählte Institutsrat unter Führung der neuen Präsidentin, Frau Christine Beerli (seit 1. Januar 2006), wird zusammen mit der Direktion auch die Empfehlungen der GPK-S vom 11. November 2005 zu berücksichtigen haben. Der Institutsrat hat bereits ein Projekt zur Überprüfung der Prozesse und Strukturen in die Wege geleitet, das zum Ziel hat, Transparenz und Effizienz zu erhöhen.

Im Übrigen wurden seit 2002 verschiedene Ungenauigkeiten im Zusammenhang mit der Anwendung des HMG festgestellt (z. B. Art. 33 HMG). Mittelfristig soll das Gesetz daher revidiert werden, was Gelegenheit bieten wird, gewisse Punkte zu klären. Für diese Teilrevision wurde noch kein Zeitplan festgelegt.

4. Nach Ansicht des Bundesrates lässt sich die Verhältnismässigkeit der Entscheide von Swissmedic insbesondere an der Anzahl verlorener Rekurse messen. In den vergangenen drei Jahren sind weniger als 4 Prozent aller Verfügungen von Swissmedic, die angefochten wurden, durch die Beschwerdeinstanzen (Eidgenössische Rekurskommission für Heilmittel und Schweizerisches Bundesgericht) aufgehoben worden. Dies belegt nach Ansicht des Bundesrates die gesetzestreue und verhältnismässige Umsetzung des Rechtes durch Swissmedic.

Antwort des Bundesrates.",51466,"20063041_1","Titel des 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Tile size shows how often a word is used.","topics_all_time","All time","topics_last_4y","Last 4 years","topics_last_8y","Last 8 years","topics_from","topics_to","topics_speeches","topics_words","words (filtered)","topics_distinct","distinct words","topics_uses","uses","topics_alt","Treemap of the {count} most-used words, sized by how often each is used. {ctx}","topics_table_alt","Table of the {count} most-used words and how often each is used. {ctx}","topics_table_toggle","Show as table","topics_table_word","Word","topics_empty","No speeches with usable text in this period. Try widening the range.","loyalty_title","Party loyalty","loyalty_subtitle","Share of a member's votes cast against their group's majority line (higher = more independent). Abstentions count as a position.","loyalty_axis","Dissent rate: share of votes against own group","loyalty_dissent","dissent","loyalty_ballots","votes","loyalty_empty","No votes in this period meet the thresholds for a loyalty score. Widen the range.","loyalty_chart_alt","Beeswarm plot of the dissent rate of {count} members, one dot per member, coloured by party. {ctx}","loyalty_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their votes, dissents and dissent rate. {ctx}","loyalty_col_member","loyalty_col_party","loyalty_col_group","loyalty_col_ballots","loyalty_col_dissents","Against","loyalty_col_rate","Dissent","loyalty_from","loyalty_to","loyalty_scale","Scale","loyalty_scale_log","Log","loyalty_scale_linear","Linear","loyalty_filters","Filters","cohesion_title","Group cohesion","cohesion_hint","mean Agreement Index (1 = unanimous)","section_alignment","Voting alignment","no_alignment","Not enough shared votes to compare.","view_all_alignment","View full alignment","alignment_agreed_of_shared","agreed on {agreed} of {shared} shared votes","sort_agreement","Agreement","sort_shared","Shared votes","facet_min_shared","Min. shared","min_shared_10","≥ 10","min_shared_20","≥ 20","min_shared_50","≥ 50","min_shared_100","≥ 100","section_body_alignment","body_alignment_subtitle","How members of this chamber vote relative to one another, from the votes they have in common. In the map, members who vote alike sit close together and opponents far apart. Colours are parties, so blocs and coalitions show up as clusters. The grid gives the average agreement between each pair of parties (the diagonal is each party's own internal cohesion).","alignment_from","alignment_to","alignment_view","View","alignment_view_scatter","Map","alignment_view_heatmap","Party grid","alignment_empty","Not enough votes in this window to build the model.","alignment_window_note","Most meaningful within a single legislative period: the model compares members from the votes they have in common. If the window spans an election or a change in composition, members with different terms barely overlap and positions become less comparable.","alignment_no_parties","No party groups to compare in this window.","alignment_scatter_alt","Scatter plot of {count} members placed by how similarly they voted, coloured by party. {ctx}","alignment_pairs","pairs","alignment_heatmap_note","Each cell is the average agreement between members of the two parties (diagonal = a party's internal cohesion). ± is the 95% confidence range and n the number of member-pairs behind it. A small range over many pairs means the alignment is well-established; a wide range means it's only suggestive.","alignment_heatmap_alt","Grid of the average voting agreement between {count} parties. {ctx}","alignment_members_heading","Members","alignment_members_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their agreement with the chamber and with their own party. {ctx}","alignment_col_member","alignment_col_party","alignment_col_votes","alignment_col_chamber","Aligns with chamber","alignment_col_party_align","Within party","alignment_zoom_in","Zoom in","alignment_zoom_out","Zoom out","alignment_zoom_reset","Reset zoom","alignment_filters","section_lobby","Lobby network","lobby_subtitle","The organizations members of this chamber declare in their register of interests, and where those ties overlap. In the network, members are dots (coloured by party) and organizations shared by two or more members are squares. Members who share the same organizations pull together. The breakdown shows how many mandates are paid versus unpaid, and who holds the most.","lobby_empty","No declared interests for this chamber in this window.","lobby_no_shared","No organizations are shared by two or more members here. See the breakdown.","lobby_network_alt","Network graph of {members} members and the {orgs} organizations they share, linked by declared interests. {ctx}","lobby_mandates","mandates","lobby_members_tied","members","lobby_unknown","Unknown","lobby_org_node","Organization","lobby_payment_heading","Paid vs unpaid mandates","lobby_top_orgs","Most-shared organizations","lobby_top_members","Members by mandates","discussion_title","Speech profiles","discussion_intro","Where members sit on a latent axis derived purely from the words they use in their speeches (Wordfish scaling).","discussion_calculating","Scaling speeches…","lobby_calculating","Computing lobby network…","discussion_error","The speech scaling could not be computed.","discussion_converged","Model converged","discussion_not_converged","Model did not fully converge. Read positions with extra caution.","discussion_members_scored","Members scored","discussion_vocab","Vocabulary","discussion_window","Window","discussion_show_all","discussion_show_reliable","Reliable only","discussion_methodology","How this is computed","discussion_range_label","Time range","discussion_range_1y","1 year","discussion_range_2y","2 years","discussion_range_4y","4 years","discussion_range_8y","8 years","discussion_plot_alt","Beeswarm plot of {count} members placed along a word-choice axis, one dot per member. {ctx}","discussion_plot_caption","Each dot is one member, placed by the words they use in their speeches. Members who reach for the same distinctive words sit close together; members who talk very differently sit far apart. So a member's spot isn't assigned by us; it comes out of how they actually speak. For example, someone who keeps saying “tax”, “budget” and “spending” lands far from someone who mostly says “asylum”, “border” and “integration”. Hover any dot for its details. Filled dots have enough speech to place reliably; hollow rings spoke too little, so read their position with caution.","discussion_empty","No speeches are available for this parliament, so its members can't be placed on the axis. This scaling reads the words members actually speak, and the data set only holds speech transcripts for a few parliaments: the federal chambers and a handful of cantons such as Bern, Basel-Stadt or St. Gallen. You can also try a longer time range above.","discussion_empty_sparse","There is too little speech transcript text for this parliament to place its members on the axis. Try a longer time range above.","discussion_pole_a","One pole","discussion_pole_b","Other pole","discussion_col_party","discussion_key_filled","Enough text (reliable)","discussion_key_ring","Below the word floor (low confidence)","discussion_align_title","Does the axis track party?","discussion_align_hint","How much of the spread in positions is explained by party membership (η²): 100% = parties are perfectly separated, ~0% = party tells you nothing.","discussion_align_strong","parties are clearly separated","discussion_align_moderate","parties are partly separated","discussion_align_weak","party barely explains the axis","discussion_poles_title","What the axis is made of","discussion_poles_hint","The words that most pull members towards each pole. The axis only means something once you read these. Its direction is arbitrary.","discussion_no_party","No party","discussion_col_name","discussion_col_position","Position","discussion_col_words","Words","discussion_col_speeches","discussion_low_confidence","low confidence","discussion_table_title","discussion_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their position on the word-choice axis. {ctx}","discussion_read_title","How to read this","discussion_read_direction","The axis direction is arbitrary: Wordfish finds the split, not which side is “left” or “right”. Read the word poles to see what each side means.","discussion_read_uncertainty","Positions are standardized, so the spread is a convention, not a real distance. Wider error bars (and hollow dots) mean less certainty, so don't over-read those members.","discussion_read_confound","Speech style reflects role as much as ideology: committee chairs, ministers and frequent speakers can land at a pole because of what they do, not only what they believe.","organizations_title","organizations_none","No organizations.","org_members","org_mandates","org_bodies","org_members_heading","org_members_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their party, body, role, payment and period. {ctx}","org_no_members","No members.","org_col_member","org_col_party","org_col_body","org_col_role","org_col_payment","Payment","org_col_period","sort_members","sort_mandates","Mandates","interest_unknown","lobby_panel_person","Declared organizations","lobby_panel_org","Members with this mandate","lobby_table_heading","Who is tied to what","lobby_table_explain","The full matrix marks every member against every shared organization: one dot per declared tie, the exhaustive view of who is tied to what.","lobby_table_large","For this chamber that is","lobby_table_cells","cells","lobby_table_show","Show table","lobby_table_alt","Table marking each of {count} members against the {orgs} organizations they are tied to, one dot per declared tie. {ctx}","lobby_select_hint","Select a member or organization to see its ties.","lobby_filters","lobby_error","The lobby network could not be computed.","lobby_clear_selection","Clear selection","close","not_found_person","Person not found","not_found_body","Parliament not found","not_found_affair","Affair not found","not_found_group","Committee or group not found","not_found_voting","Voting not found","not_found_meeting","Meeting not found","not_found_interest","Interest not found","not_found_organization","Organization not found","not_found_text","Text not found","not_found_doc","Document not found","not_found_speech","Speech not found","not_found_hint","There is no entry with the ID {id}. It may have been removed, or the link may be outdated.","not_found_back","Back to the overview","about","About","faq","FAQ","section_title","section_title_bodies","section_title_affairs","section_title_votings","section_title_texts","section_title_docs","section_subtitle_search","section_subtitle_discussion",{"_1662":1663,"_1679":847,"_1680":1681,"_1682":1683,"_1684":1034,"_1363":607,"_19":407,"_145":611,"_1685":614,"_1668":417,"_1686":1687,"_1688":818,"_1470":367,"_141":377,"_1665":519,"_147":387,"_143":617,"_149":397,"_1689":1144,"_1690":1278,"_1691":1313,"_1692":1278,"_1693":1694,"_1695":1278,"_1696":1697,"_1698":607,"_1699":786,"_1700":1278,"_1701":1683,"_1702":611,"_1669":486,"_1703":1704,"_1277":1278,"_1705":724,"_1290":1278,"_139":622,"_1706":1498,"_1707":1355,"_1708":1393,"_1709":1687,"_1710":1482,"_1670":427,"_1711":1474,"_1712":1278},"section_switcher",{"_1660":1661,"_1662":1663,"_1664":367,"_21":563,"_141":377,"_1665":519,"_1666":453,"_19":407,"_149":397,"_1667":387,"_1668":417,"_1669":486,"_1670":427,"_1671":1672,"_1673":1674,"_1675":1676,"_1677":1678},"section_title_speeches","section_title_groups","section_title_interests","section_title_meetings","section_title_organizations","label_section","Section","home","Home","people","affairs","groups","documents","interests","meetings","organizations","group_parliament","Actors","group_proceedings","Proceedings","group_records","Records","group_lobbying","Lobbying","search","eyebrow","Data on {{name}}","overview","Overview","personal_data","memberships","access_badges","Lobby","images","texts_overview","text_details","docs_overview","doc_details","votings_overview","Voting","voting_details","voting_diagram","Diagram","voting_tally","speeches_overview","speech_details","groups_overview","contributions","interests_overview","Interest","meetings_overview","vocabulary","loyalty","alignment","lobby","discussion","organizations_overview","org_details",{"_1769":1770,"_1771":1772,"_1714":1773,"_318":1774},"intro",{"_1716":1717,"_108":1718,"_1719":1720,"_1721":1722,"_1723":1724,"_1725":1726,"_1727":1728},"en",{"_1729":1764,"_1731":1765,"_1733":1766,"_1735":1767,"_1737":1768},{"_1729":1759,"_1731":1760,"_1733":1761,"_1735":1762,"_1737":1763},"fr",{"_1729":1754,"_1731":1755,"_1733":1756,"_1735":1757,"_1737":1758},"it",{"_1729":1749,"_1731":1750,"_1733":1751,"_1735":1752,"_1737":1753},"es",{"_1729":1744,"_1731":1745,"_1733":1746,"_1735":1747,"_1737":1748},"pt",{"_1729":1739,"_1731":1740,"_1733":1741,"_1735":1742,"_1737":1743},"rm",{"_1729":1730,"_1731":1732,"_1733":1734,"_1735":1736,"_1737":1738},"cookie","Nus duvrain mo cookies essenzials e funcziunals. Nagina analitica, nagin tracking.","dataLang","La Svizra ha quatter linguas naziunalas, e questas datas datti en pliras da quellas. Intgins records èn plurilings, auters mo en ina lingua. Vus pudais tscherner en tge lingua ch'il cuntegn vegn mussà; sche vossa tscherna n'è betg disponibla per in record, vegnan duvradas las autras linguas en in urden da prioritad fix. Quai è independent da la lingua da l'interfatscha. As lascha reglar sut Configuraziuns › Lingua dal cuntegn (sura a dretga).","alt","Questa pagina è era disponibla per rumantsch.","switch","Mussar per rumantsch","dismiss","Betg pli mussar","Utilizamos apenas cookies essenciais e funcionais. Sem análises, sem rastreio.","A Suíça tem quatro línguas nacionais, e estes dados existem em várias delas. Alguns registos estão em várias línguas, outros apenas numa. Pode escolher em que idioma os conteúdos são apresentados; quando a sua escolha não está disponível para um registo, as restantes línguas são usadas por uma ordem de prioridade fixa. Isto é independente do idioma da interface. Configure em Definições › Idioma dos conteúdos (canto superior direito).","Esta página também está disponível em português.","Ver em português","Não mostrar novamente","Solo utilizamos cookies esenciales y funcionales. Sin análisis, sin seguimiento.","Suiza tiene cuatro lenguas nacionales, y estos datos existen en varias de ellas. Algunos registros están en varias lenguas, otros en una sola. Puede elegir en qué idioma se muestra el contenido; cuando su elección no está disponible para un registro, se utilizan las demás lenguas en un orden de prioridad fijo. Esto es independiente del idioma de la interfaz. Configúrelo en Ajustes › Idioma del contenido (arriba a la derecha).","Esta página también está disponible en español.","Ver en español","No volver a mostrar","Utilizziamo solo cookie essenziali e funzionali. Nessuna analisi, nessun tracciamento.","La Svizzera ha quattro lingue nazionali e questi dati esistono in diverse di esse. Alcune voci sono in più lingue, altre in una sola. Puoi scegliere in quale lingua mostrare i contenuti; se la tua scelta non è disponibile per una voce, vengono usate le altre lingue secondo un ordine di priorità prestabilito. Questo è indipendente dalla lingua dell'interfaccia. Impostabile in Impostazioni › Lingua del contenuto (in alto a destra).","Questa pagina è disponibile anche in italiano.","Vedi in italiano","Non mostrare più","Nous utilisons uniquement des cookies essentiels et fonctionnels. Aucune analyse, aucun suivi.","La Suisse a quatre langues nationales, et ces données existent dans plusieurs d'entre elles. Certaines entrées sont en plusieurs langues, d'autres dans une seule. Vous pouvez choisir la langue d'affichage du contenu ; si votre choix n'est pas disponible pour une entrée, les autres langues sont utilisées selon un ordre de priorité défini. Ceci est indépendant de la langue de l'interface. Réglable dans Paramètres › Langue du contenu (en haut à droite).","Cette page est aussi disponible en français.","Voir en français","Ne plus afficher","Wir verwenden nur essenzielle, funktionale Cookies. Keine Analyse, kein Tracking.","Die Schweiz hat vier Landessprachen, und diese Daten liegen in mehreren davon vor. Manche Einträge sind mehrsprachig, andere nur in einer Sprache. Sie können wählen, in welcher Sprache die Inhalte angezeigt werden; ist Ihre Wahl für einen Eintrag nicht verfügbar, werden die übrigen Sprachen in einer festen Prioritätsreihenfolge verwendet. Dies ist unabhängig von der Oberflächensprache. Einstellbar unter Einstellungen › Inhaltssprache (oben rechts).","Diese Seite ist auch auf Deutsch verfügbar.","Auf Deutsch anzeigen","Nicht mehr anzeigen","We use only essential, functional cookies. No analytics, no tracking.","Switzerland has four national languages, and this data comes in several of them. Some records are in multiple languages, some in only one. You can choose which language the content is shown in; when your choice isn't available for a record, the remaining languages are used in a set priority order. This is independent of the interface language. Set it under Settings › Content language (top right).","This page is also available in English.","View in English","Don't show again","settings",{"_1837":1838,"_1839":1840,"_1841":1199,"_1842":1843,"_1844":1201,"_1845":1203,"_1846":1847,"_1848":1849,"_1850":1851,"_1852":1853,"_1854":1855,"_672":673,"_1856":1857,"_1858":1859,"_1860":1861,"_1862":1863,"_1864":1865},"nav",{"_1662":1783,"_1784":1785,"_1786":722,"_1787":1788,"_1789":1790,"_1671":1672,"_1673":1674,"_1675":1676,"_1677":1678,"_1664":367,"_21":563,"_1666":453,"_1665":519,"_141":377,"_1669":486,"_19":407,"_149":397,"_1667":387,"_1668":417,"_1670":427,"_1791":1776,"_1792":1793,"_1640":1641,"_1794":1795,"_1642":1643,"_1796":1797,"_1798":1799,"_1800":1801,"_1802":1803,"_1804":1805,"_1806":1807,"_1808":1809,"_1810":1811,"_1812":1813,"_1814":1815,"_1816":1817,"_1818":1819,"_1820":1821,"_1822":1823,"_1824":1825,"_1826":1827,"_1828":1829,"_1830":1780,"_1831":1832,"_1833":1834,"_1835":1836},{"_1729":1764,"_1731":1765,"_1733":1766,"_1735":1767,"_1737":1768},{"_1775":1776,"_1777":1778,"_1779":1780,"_1781":1782},"project.title","Project","project.desc","About parlhub: what the portal is, answers to common questions, and how the data fits together.","experiments.title","Experiments","experiments.desc","Experimental analyses and methodology showcases on parlhub, including the Wordfish scaling of parliaments from their speeches.","parlhub home","skip_to_content","Skip to main content","explore","start","Start here","start_desc","Quicklinks to chambers, cantons and communes","project","project_desc","The project at a glance","about_desc","What parlhub is and who is behind it","faq_desc","Answers to common questions","sustainability","Sustainability","sustainability_desc","How parlhub is hosted and what it costs the planet","accessibility","Accessibility","accessibility_desc","What works, what doesn't, and how to report a barrier","traffic_stats","Traffic statistics","traffic_stats_desc","Which parts of the site get requested, and by whom","imprint","Imprint","imprint_desc","Who runs parlhub, contact, and the licenses","github","GitHub","github_desc","The project's source code on GitHub","data_guide","Data guide","data_guide_desc","Every kind of data, in plain terms, with examples","data_map","Data map","data_map_desc","How the data fits together, at a glance","methodology","Methodology","methodology_desc","How each figure is calculated, with links to the code","experiments","experiments_desc","Experimental analyses and methodology write-ups","wordfish","Wordfish scaling","wordfish_desc","Placing members on an axis by the words in their speeches","menu_label","Settings","appearance","Appearance","theme","theme_system","System","theme_light","theme_dark","font_size","Font size","font_size_decrease","Decrease font size","font_size_increase","Increase font size","high_contrast","High contrast","grayscale","Grayscale","interface_language","Interface","content_language","Content language","content_language_auto","Auto (follow interface)","content_language_note","Language of the displayed data (names, titles, texts). Independent of the interface; when a record isn't available, the next language is used.","content_language_priority","Priority",{"_1841":1867,"_1846":1868,"_1869":43,"_1870":267,"_1871":267,"_1872":43,"_1873":-5},"system",100,"show_cookie_consent_message","ui_high_contrast","ui_grayscale","msg_lang_hint","content_lang"]