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Gemäss Luftfahrtgesetz stehen die bundeseigenen Flugplätze - soweit die militärischen Interessen es zulassen - auch für die Zivilluftfahrt offen.

Im Rahmen des Sachplans Infrastruktur der Luftfahrt hat der Bundesrat am 18. Oktober 2000 beschlossen, den Militärflugplatz Payerne der Zivilluftfahrt zugänglich zu machen.

Die Kantone Waadt und Freiburg haben aktiv zu dieser Öffnung beigetragen. In diesem Zusammenhang ist das Projekt Aéropôle entstanden, das sowohl von den lokalen, regionalen und kantonalen Behörden als auch von der Bevölkerung aus der Broye-Region einhellig unterstützt wird. Dieses Projekt besteht vorwiegend aus einer Gewerbe- und Industriezone, die an den Flugplatz von Payerne angrenzt. Die Nutzung dieser Zone ist mittlerweile bewilligt; sie ist erschlossen und bereit, die Unternehmen aufzunehmen, die sich dort niederlassen wollen.

Diese Niederlassungen hängen nur noch von der langfristigen Festlegung der Modalitäten für die zivile Nutzung dieses Militärflughafens ab. Die Beurteilung des Lärmbelastungskatasters ist hierfür entscheidend. Der Lärmbelastungskataster der Zivilluftfahrt ist erstellt und hält die Grenzwerte ein, derjenige der Militärluftfahrt ist noch nicht bereit.

Weil es nicht sicher war, wie das Schweizervolk über das Projekt \"Armee XXI\" entscheiden würde, ist der neue Lärmbelastungskataster des Flugplatzes, der die längst überholte frühere Version ersetzten sollte, noch nicht erstellt. Sowohl die Besiedlung des Areals Aéropôle als auch die Raumplanung aller angrenzenden Gemeinden sind bis auf weiteres sistiert. Seit der Volksabstimmung vom 18. Mai 2003 gibt es hierfür keinen Grund mehr.

Die Regierungen der Kantone Waadt und Freiburg haben den Bundesrat mit einer Resolution ersucht, der Zivilluftfahrt - unabhängig von der künftigen Entwicklung der Militärluftfahrt in Payerne - ein Kontingent von rund 10 000 Flugbewegungen formell zu garantieren. Damit könnte das Projekt Aéropôle langfristig realisiert werden. Der Bundesrat hat seine Antwort auf einen späteren Zeitpunkt vertagt und dies damit begründet, dass vorab die mittel- und langfristigen militärischen Bedürfnisse abgeklärt werden müssten.

Es gibt keinen Grund, die Verwirklichung des Projektes Aéropôle zu verzögern und von der Ermittlung der militärischen Bedürfnisse abhängig zu machen.

Angesichts der kleineren Anzahl von Flugzeugen und Helikoptern, die der Armee künftig zur Verfügung stehen, werden die operativen Bedürfnisse des Militärs in Payerne durch die 10 000 Flugbewegungen, die der Zivilluftfahrt pro Jahr auf der selben Anlage reserviert wären, in keiner Weise beeinträchtigt.

Während der Flughafen Payerne 1988 noch 34 196 Flugbewegungen der Luftwaffe registrierte, verbuchte er im Jahre 2002 insgesamt - Militär- und Zivilflugfahrt mit eingerechnet - nur gerade 20 200 Flugbewegungen.

Die Unzufriedenheit auf kantonaler, regionaler und lokaler Ebene nimmt zu. Die Betroffenen ertragen die von der Militärluftfahrt verursachten Unannehmlichkeiten umso weniger, als sie befürchten, dass die Belästigungen, welche die restliche Schweiz nicht mehr duldet, in die Broye-Region verlagert werden. Das Fehlen eines neuen Lärmbelastungskatasters und der Rückstand bei dessen Erstellung verstärken dieses Empfinden und bringen die lokale Raumplanung zum Stillstand. Gleichzeitig werden die betroffenen Gemeinschaften an der Fortführung eines grossen Projektes gehindert, das für die regionale Wirtschaftspolitik von erheblicher Bedeutung ist und das sich in einem für den Kanton Waadt strategisch wichtigen Entwicklungszentrum befindet.

Die baldige Erteilung einer Garantie für langfristige Flugbewegungen würde - ebenfalls langfristig gesehen - auch den Status der Luftwaffe in Payerne verbessern.

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Der Bundesrat wird ersucht, seinen Beschluss, den Militärflugplatz Payerne der Zivilluftfahrt zugänglich zu machen, rasch umzusetzen und die nötigen Garantien für die langfristige Verwirklichung des Projektes Aéropôle im Sinne der Kantone Waadt und Freiburg möglichst bald zu leisten.

",39894,"20033609_14","Antwort BR / Büro","

Der Bundesrat hat im Sachplan Infrastruktur der Luftfahrt vom 18. Oktober 2000 als Zwischenergebnis beschlossen, dass das Netz der zivil mitbenützten Militärflugplätze mit dem Militärflugplatz Payerne ergänzt werden soll (Payerne wird im Übrigen schon heute zivilaviatisch mitbenützt: von 800 vertraglich zugesicherten Flugbewegungen pro Jahr werden zurzeit lediglich rund 250 effektiv geflogen).

Zum Umfang der zivilen Mitbenützung hat der Bundesrat seine Haltung in der Antwort an die Regierungen der Kantone Waadt und Freiburg vom 29. Oktober 2003 erläutert. Danach entscheidet der Bundesrat gesamthaft über die militärische Nutzung des Militärflugplatzes Payerne und über den Umfang seiner zivilen Mitbenützung im Rahmen eines gemeinsamen Verfahrens zur Anpassung bzw. Ergänzung der Sachpläne Militär und Infrastruktur der Luftfahrt. An dieser Haltung hat sich nichts geändert.

Payerne ist neben Meiringen und Sion Hauptflugplatz für den Jetflugbetrieb der Armee. Mit der bestehenden Infrastruktur und der Stationierung von zwei F/A-18-Kampfstaffeln im täglichen Betrieb bleibt Payerne der wichtigste Militärflugplatz für die täglichen Operationen der Luftwaffe und ein wichtiger Arbeitgeber für die Region. Das Eidgenössische Departement für Verteidigung, Bevölkerungsschutz und Sport (VBS) prüft zurzeit die mittel- und langfristigen militärischen Bedürfnisse auf diesem Flugplatz. Die in Zukunft kleinere Anzahl von Flugzeugen und Helikoptern ist im Übrigen nur ein Element für die Beurteilung der zukünftigen Belegung des Flugplatzes Payerne. Es wurden und werden beispielsweise auch Flugplätze stillgelegt, so dass die Verteilung auf die verbleibenden Stützpunkte gesamthaft neu beurteilt werden muss.

Gestützt auf die Resultate dieser Prüfung und unter Berücksichtigung einer laufenden Revision der entsprechenden Bestimmungen in der Lärmschutz-Verordnung wird das VBS im Laufe des Jahres 2004 einen neuen Lärmbelastungskataster und Anfang 2005 ein neues Objektblatt für den Sachplan Militär erstellen. Zusammen mit dem Objektblatt für den Sachplan Infrastruktur der Luftfahrt, das zurzeit im Rahmen von Koordinationsgesprächen unter der Leitung des Bundesamtes für Zivilluftfahrt erarbeitet wird, bildet dies die Grundlage für die Eröffnung des Verfahrens zur Anpassung bzw. Ergänzung der beiden Sachpläne ab Sommer 2005.

Ohne den Ergebnissen der Abklärungen vorgreifen zu wollen, weist der Bundesrat darauf hin, dass angesichts der doch beträchtlichen Zahl von 10 000 zivilen Flugbewegungen infolge unterschiedlicher Verfahren und Geschwindigkeiten eine Beeinträchtigung der operationellen Bedürfnisse der Luftwaffe nicht auszuschliessen sein dürfte.

Der Bundesrat will mit dem dargelegten Vorgehen der Bevölkerung eine Gesamtsicht der künftigen Entwicklungen geben und so die Möglichkeit einer umfassenden Mitwirkung gewährleisten. Gestützt auf die Ergebnisse dieser Mitwirkung wird er über die künftige Nutzung des Militärflugplatzes Payerne entscheiden. Demzufolge kann er kurzfristig auch keine Garantien zum Umfang der zivilen Mitbenützung abgeben.

Der Bundesrat beantragt die Ablehnung des Postulates.",39893,"20033609_1","Titel des 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group/body name, function and membership type.","controls_search_hint_interests","Searches organisation name, function and parliamentary group.","controls_search_hint_votes","Searches the voting title and the affair title.","controls_search_hint_access_badges","Searches guests' name and organisation.","controls_search_hint_contributors","Searches the affair title.","controls_search_hint_speeches","Searches the speech text.","controls_sort_status","Sorted by {field}, {direction}","sort_affair_date","Affair date","sort_role","Role","sort_affair_type","Affair type","sort_affair_number","Affair number","sort_valid_from","Valid from","sort_valid_to","Valid until","sort_version","facet_latest","Latest","gender_f","Female","gender_m","Male","gender_d","Diverse","lang_de","German","lang_fr","French","lang_it","Italian","lang_rm","Romansh","lang_en","English","lang_es","Spanish","bodies_title","affairs_title","no_bodies","No institutions found.","facet_has_parliament","With parliament","sort_canton","Canton","sort_position","Order","sort_population","Population","controls_search_placeholder_bodies","Search institutions…","controls_search_hint_bodies","Searches name, canton and key.","body_population","Residents","body_seats","Seats","controls_no_results","No matches for your search.","controls_filter_search","controls_loading","Loading results…","body_section_profile","Profile","body_has_parliament","Has parliament","body_languages","Languages","body_seats_legislative","Seats (legislative)","body_executive","Executive","body_seats_executive","Seats (executive)","body_consultations","Consultations","body_elections_votings","Elections & votings","body_flag","Flag","body_key_label","Body key","body_source_lang","Source language","body_people_directory_title","All people of this institution","body_composition_title","Current composition","body_chambers_title","Chambers","body_votings_title","no_votings","No recorded votings.","controls_search_placeholder_votings","Search votings…","controls_search_hint_votings","body_affairs_title","no_affairs","No recorded affairs.","affair_untitled","Untitled affair","affair_long_title","Full title","affair_number","Number","affair_official_record","affair_external_id","External ID","affair_agenda_section","Agenda items","controls_search_placeholder_affairs","Search affairs…","controls_search_hint_affairs","Searches affair title and affair number.","sort_affair_title","facet_state","State","view_all_votings","View all votings","view_all_affairs","View all affairs","external_link","External link","docs_title","docs_loading","Searching documents…","section_docs","no_docs","No documents.","view_all_docs","View all documents","controls_search_placeholder_docs","Search documents…","controls_search_hint_docs","Searches name and category.","facet_category","Category","facet_format","Format","facet_lang","facet_case","Case sensitive","facet_word","Whole word","facet_match_on","facet_match_off","section_events","no_events","No recorded events.","view_all_events","View full timeline","controls_search_placeholder_events","Search events…","controls_search_hint_events","Searches title, actor and details.","facet_actor_type","Actor type","event_untitled","Event","texts_title","texts_loading","Searching texts…","section_texts","no_texts","No texts.","view_all_texts","View all texts","controls_search_placeholder_texts","Search texts…","controls_search_hint_texts","Searches type and body text.","sort_type","text_untitled","Text","facet_position_country","facet_position_canton","facet_position_city","City","facet_position_commune","Commune","facet_position_other","Other","votings_title","voting_result_section","voting_decision","Decision","voting_meaning_yes","A yes means","voting_meaning_no","A no means","voting_affair","voting_chart_title","How they voted","voting_chart_alt","Seat map of {count} members, coloured by {mode}. {summary}","voting_table_alt","Table of how {count} members voted, one row per member, with their party and parliamentary group.","chart_export","chart_export_title","Export chart","chart_export_failed","Export failed.","chart_exporting","Exporting…","chart_download","Download","chart_close","chart_fullscreen","Fullscreen","chart_title","chart_title_ph","Optional title","chart_subtitle","Subtitle","chart_subtitle_ph","Optional subtitle","chart_colors","Colours & labels","chart_color_for","Colour for","chart_label_for","Label for","chart_reset","chart_order","chart_output","Output","chart_format","chart_theme","Theme","chart_theme_light","Light","chart_theme_dark","Dark","chart_size","Size","chart_options","Options","chart_show_legend","Show legend","chart_transparent","Transparent background","chart_interactive","Interactive","chart_credits","Credit","voting_chart_no_votes","No votes recorded.","voting_chart_seats","seats","voting_chart_no_seatmap","No seat data available.","voting_chart_col_person","Person","voting_chart_col_party","voting_chart_col_group","voting_chart_col_vote","voting_chart_by_party","Vote by party","voting_chart_by_party_seats","Seats by party","voting_chart_colour_by","Colour seats by","voting_chart_majority","Majority","voting_chart_edit","Edit & export","voting_chart_seat_note","Seat positions are illustrative, not the real chamber layout. Open the editor to rearrange the colours, labels and order, and export.","speeches_title","speeches_loading","Searching speeches…","speech_person","Speaker","speech_body","Institution","speech_affair","speech_meeting","groups_title","no_groups","No groups found.","group_untitled","Untitled group","section_meetings","no_meetings","No recorded meetings.","view_all_meetings","View all meetings","meetings_title","meeting_untitled","meeting_upcoming","Upcoming","facet_time","When","facet_upcoming","facet_past","Past","group_abbreviation","Abbreviation","group_description","Description","group_official_record","Official page","group_contact","member_unknown","section_votings","interests_title","interest_details","Details","interest_person","Declared by","interest_body","Granting body","interest_role","interest_type","interest_group","interest_place","Place","interest_period","Period","meeting_details","meeting_type","meeting_state","meeting_number","meeting_location","Location","meeting_period","meeting_group","meeting_body","group_type","description","controls_search_placeholder_meetings","Search meetings …","controls_search_hint_meetings","Name, location or description","section_agendas","no_agendas","No agenda items.","view_all_agendas","View all agenda items","agenda_untitled","speech_speaker_unknown","video","doc_untitled","Document","doc_body","doc_affair","doc_meeting","doc_agenda","section_contributors","Contributors","no_contributors","No contributors.","view_all_contributors","View all contributors","sort_number","topics_title","Most-used words","topics_intro","The words this person uses most across their speeches, with common filler words removed. Tile size shows how often a word is used.","topics_all_time","All time","topics_last_4y","Last 4 years","topics_last_8y","Last 8 years","topics_from","topics_to","topics_speeches","speeches","topics_words","words (filtered)","topics_distinct","distinct words","topics_uses","uses","topics_alt","Treemap of the {count} most-used words, sized by how often each is used. {ctx}","topics_table_alt","Table of the {count} most-used words and how often each is used. {ctx}","topics_table_toggle","Show as table","topics_table_word","Word","topics_empty","No speeches with usable text in this period. Try widening the range.","loyalty_title","Party loyalty","loyalty_subtitle","Share of a member's votes cast against their group's majority line (higher = more independent). Abstentions count as a position.","loyalty_axis","Dissent rate: share of votes against own group","loyalty_dissent","dissent","loyalty_ballots","votes","loyalty_empty","No votes in this period meet the thresholds for a loyalty score. Widen the range.","loyalty_chart_alt","Beeswarm plot of the dissent rate of {count} members, one dot per member, coloured by party. {ctx}","loyalty_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their votes, dissents and dissent rate. {ctx}","loyalty_col_member","loyalty_col_party","loyalty_col_group","loyalty_col_ballots","loyalty_col_dissents","Against","loyalty_col_rate","Dissent","loyalty_from","loyalty_to","loyalty_scale","Scale","loyalty_scale_log","Log","loyalty_scale_linear","Linear","loyalty_filters","Filters","cohesion_title","Group cohesion","cohesion_hint","mean Agreement Index (1 = unanimous)","section_alignment","Voting alignment","no_alignment","Not enough shared votes to compare.","view_all_alignment","View full alignment","alignment_agreed_of_shared","agreed on {agreed} of {shared} shared votes","sort_agreement","Agreement","sort_shared","Shared votes","facet_min_shared","Min. shared","min_shared_10","≥ 10","min_shared_20","≥ 20","min_shared_50","≥ 50","min_shared_100","≥ 100","section_body_alignment","body_alignment_subtitle","How members of this chamber vote relative to one another, from the votes they have in common. In the map, members who vote alike sit close together and opponents far apart. Colours are parties, so blocs and coalitions show up as clusters. The grid gives the average agreement between each pair of parties (the diagonal is each party's own internal cohesion).","alignment_from","alignment_to","alignment_view","View","alignment_view_scatter","Map","alignment_view_heatmap","Party grid","alignment_empty","Not enough votes in this window to build the model.","alignment_window_note","Most meaningful within a single legislative period: the model compares members from the votes they have in common. If the window spans an election or a change in composition, members with different terms barely overlap and positions become less comparable.","alignment_no_parties","No party groups to compare in this window.","alignment_scatter_alt","Scatter plot of {count} members placed by how similarly they voted, coloured by party. {ctx}","alignment_pairs","pairs","alignment_heatmap_note","Each cell is the average agreement between members of the two parties (diagonal = a party's internal cohesion). ± is the 95% confidence range and n the number of member-pairs behind it. A small range over many pairs means the alignment is well-established; a wide range means it's only suggestive.","alignment_heatmap_alt","Grid of the average voting agreement between {count} parties. {ctx}","alignment_members_heading","Members","alignment_members_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their agreement with the chamber and with their own party. {ctx}","alignment_col_member","alignment_col_party","alignment_col_votes","alignment_col_chamber","Aligns with chamber","alignment_col_party_align","Within party","alignment_zoom_in","Zoom in","alignment_zoom_out","Zoom out","alignment_zoom_reset","Reset zoom","alignment_filters","section_lobby","Lobby network","lobby_subtitle","The organizations members of this chamber declare in their register of interests, and where those ties overlap. In the network, members are dots (coloured by party) and organizations shared by two or more members are squares. Members who share the same organizations pull together. The breakdown shows how many mandates are paid versus unpaid, and who holds the most.","lobby_empty","No declared interests for this chamber in this window.","lobby_no_shared","No organizations are shared by two or more members here. See the breakdown.","lobby_network_alt","Network graph of {members} members and the {orgs} organizations they share, linked by declared interests. {ctx}","lobby_mandates","mandates","lobby_members_tied","members","lobby_unknown","Unknown","lobby_org_node","Organization","lobby_payment_heading","Paid vs unpaid mandates","lobby_top_orgs","Most-shared organizations","lobby_top_members","Members by mandates","discussion_title","Speech profiles","discussion_intro","Where members sit on a latent axis derived purely from the words they use in their speeches (Wordfish scaling).","discussion_calculating","Scaling speeches…","lobby_calculating","Computing lobby network…","discussion_error","The speech scaling could not be computed.","discussion_converged","Model converged","discussion_not_converged","Model did not fully converge. Read positions with extra caution.","discussion_members_scored","Members scored","discussion_vocab","Vocabulary","discussion_window","Window","discussion_show_all","discussion_show_reliable","Reliable only","discussion_methodology","How this is computed","discussion_range_label","Time range","discussion_range_1y","1 year","discussion_range_2y","2 years","discussion_range_4y","4 years","discussion_range_8y","8 years","discussion_plot_alt","Beeswarm plot of {count} members placed along a word-choice axis, one dot per member. {ctx}","discussion_plot_caption","Each dot is one member, placed by the words they use in their speeches. Members who reach for the same distinctive words sit close together; members who talk very differently sit far apart. So a member's spot isn't assigned by us; it comes out of how they actually speak. For example, someone who keeps saying “tax”, “budget” and “spending” lands far from someone who mostly says “asylum”, “border” and “integration”. Hover any dot for its details. Filled dots have enough speech to place reliably; hollow rings spoke too little, so read their position with caution.","discussion_empty","No speeches are available for this parliament, so its members can't be placed on the axis. This scaling reads the words members actually speak, and the data set only holds speech transcripts for a few parliaments: the federal chambers and a handful of cantons such as Bern, Basel-Stadt or St. Gallen. You can also try a longer time range above.","discussion_empty_sparse","There is too little speech transcript text for this parliament to place its members on the axis. Try a longer time range above.","discussion_pole_a","One pole","discussion_pole_b","Other pole","discussion_col_party","discussion_key_filled","Enough text (reliable)","discussion_key_ring","Below the word floor (low confidence)","discussion_align_title","Does the axis track party?","discussion_align_hint","How much of the spread in positions is explained by party membership (η²): 100% = parties are perfectly separated, ~0% = party tells you nothing.","discussion_align_strong","parties are clearly separated","discussion_align_moderate","parties are partly separated","discussion_align_weak","party barely explains the axis","discussion_poles_title","What the axis is made of","discussion_poles_hint","The words that most pull members towards each pole. The axis only means something once you read these. Its direction is arbitrary.","discussion_no_party","No party","discussion_col_name","discussion_col_position","Position","discussion_col_words","Words","discussion_col_speeches","discussion_low_confidence","low confidence","discussion_table_title","discussion_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their position on the word-choice axis. {ctx}","discussion_read_title","How to read this","discussion_read_direction","The axis direction is arbitrary: Wordfish finds the split, not which side is “left” or “right”. Read the word poles to see what each side means.","discussion_read_uncertainty","Positions are standardized, so the spread is a convention, not a real distance. Wider error bars (and hollow dots) mean less certainty, so don't over-read those members.","discussion_read_confound","Speech style reflects role as much as ideology: committee chairs, ministers and frequent speakers can land at a pole because of what they do, not only what they believe.","organizations_title","organizations_none","No organizations.","org_members","org_mandates","org_bodies","org_members_heading","org_members_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their party, body, role, payment and period. {ctx}","org_no_members","No members.","org_col_member","org_col_party","org_col_body","org_col_role","org_col_payment","Payment","org_col_period","sort_members","sort_mandates","Mandates","interest_unknown","lobby_panel_person","Declared organizations","lobby_panel_org","Members with this mandate","lobby_table_heading","Who is tied to what","lobby_table_explain","The full matrix marks every member against every shared organization: one dot per declared tie, the exhaustive view of who is tied to what.","lobby_table_large","For this chamber that is","lobby_table_cells","cells","lobby_table_show","Show table","lobby_table_alt","Table marking each of {count} members against the {orgs} organizations they are tied to, one dot per declared tie. {ctx}","lobby_select_hint","Select a member or organization to see its ties.","lobby_filters","lobby_error","The lobby network could not be computed.","lobby_clear_selection","Clear selection","close","not_found_person","Person not found","not_found_body","Parliament not found","not_found_affair","Affair not found","not_found_group","Committee or group not found","not_found_voting","Voting not found","not_found_meeting","Meeting not found","not_found_interest","Interest not found","not_found_organization","Organization not found","not_found_text","Text not found","not_found_doc","Document not found","not_found_speech","Speech not found","not_found_hint","There is no entry with the ID {id}. It may have been removed, or the link may be outdated.","not_found_back","Back to the overview","about","About","faq","FAQ","section_title","section_title_bodies","section_title_affairs","section_title_votings","section_title_texts","section_title_docs","section_subtitle_search","section_subtitle_discussion",{"_1636":1637,"_1653":819,"_1654":1655,"_1656":1657,"_1658":1006,"_1337":579,"_1311":379,"_78":583,"_1659":586,"_1642":389,"_1660":1661,"_1662":790,"_1444":339,"_74":349,"_1639":491,"_19":359,"_76":589,"_81":369,"_1663":1116,"_1664":1250,"_1665":1286,"_1666":1250,"_1667":1668,"_1669":1250,"_1670":1671,"_1672":579,"_1673":758,"_1674":1250,"_1675":1657,"_1676":583,"_1643":458,"_1677":1678,"_1249":1250,"_1679":696,"_1262":1250,"_72":594,"_1680":1472,"_1681":1329,"_1682":1367,"_1683":1661,"_1684":1456,"_1644":399,"_1685":1448,"_1686":1250},"section_switcher",{"_1634":1635,"_1636":1637,"_1638":339,"_70":535,"_74":349,"_1639":491,"_1640":425,"_1311":379,"_81":369,"_1641":359,"_1642":389,"_1643":458,"_1644":399,"_1645":1646,"_1647":1648,"_1649":1650,"_1651":1652},"section_title_speeches","section_title_groups","section_title_interests","section_title_meetings","section_title_organizations","label_section","Section","home","Home","people","affairs","groups","documents","interests","meetings","organizations","group_parliament","Actors","group_proceedings","Proceedings","group_records","Records","group_lobbying","Lobbying","search","eyebrow","Data on {{name}}","overview","Overview","personal_data","memberships","access_badges","Lobby","images","texts_overview","text_details","docs_overview","doc_details","votings_overview","Voting","voting_details","voting_diagram","Diagram","voting_tally","speeches_overview","speech_details","groups_overview","contributions","interests_overview","Interest","meetings_overview","vocabulary","loyalty","alignment","lobby","discussion","organizations_overview","org_details",{"_1744":1745,"_1746":1747,"_1688":1748,"_290":1749},"intro",{"_1690":1691,"_1692":1693,"_1694":1695,"_1696":1697,"_1698":1699,"_1700":1701,"_1702":1703},"en",{"_1704":1739,"_1706":1740,"_1708":1741,"_1710":1742,"_1712":1743},"de",{"_1704":1734,"_1706":1735,"_1708":1736,"_1710":1737,"_1712":1738},"fr",{"_1704":1729,"_1706":1730,"_1708":1731,"_1710":1732,"_1712":1733},"it",{"_1704":1724,"_1706":1725,"_1708":1726,"_1710":1727,"_1712":1728},"es",{"_1704":1719,"_1706":1720,"_1708":1721,"_1710":1722,"_1712":1723},"pt",{"_1704":1714,"_1706":1715,"_1708":1716,"_1710":1717,"_1712":1718},"rm",{"_1704":1705,"_1706":1707,"_1708":1709,"_1710":1711,"_1712":1713},"cookie","Nus duvrain mo cookies essenzials e funcziunals. Nagina analitica, nagin tracking.","dataLang","La Svizra ha quatter linguas naziunalas, e questas datas datti en pliras da quellas. Intgins records èn plurilings, auters mo en ina lingua. Vus pudais tscherner en tge lingua ch'il cuntegn vegn mussà; sche vossa tscherna n'è betg disponibla per in record, vegnan duvradas las autras linguas en in urden da prioritad fix. Quai è independent da la lingua da l'interfatscha. As lascha reglar sut Configuraziuns › Lingua dal cuntegn (sura a dretga).","alt","Questa pagina è era disponibla per rumantsch.","switch","Mussar per rumantsch","dismiss","Betg pli mussar","Utilizamos apenas cookies essenciais e funcionais. Sem análises, sem rastreio.","A Suíça tem quatro línguas nacionais, e estes dados existem em várias delas. Alguns registos estão em várias línguas, outros apenas numa. Pode escolher em que idioma os conteúdos são apresentados; quando a sua escolha não está disponível para um registo, as restantes línguas são usadas por uma ordem de prioridade fixa. Isto é independente do idioma da interface. Configure em Definições › Idioma dos conteúdos (canto superior direito).","Esta página também está disponível em português.","Ver em português","Não mostrar novamente","Solo utilizamos cookies esenciales y funcionales. Sin análisis, sin seguimiento.","Suiza tiene cuatro lenguas nacionales, y estos datos existen en varias de ellas. Algunos registros están en varias lenguas, otros en una sola. Puede elegir en qué idioma se muestra el contenido; cuando su elección no está disponible para un registro, se utilizan las demás lenguas en un orden de prioridad fijo. Esto es independiente del idioma de la interfaz. Configúrelo en Ajustes › Idioma del contenido (arriba a la derecha).","Esta página también está disponible en español.","Ver en español","No volver a mostrar","Utilizziamo solo cookie essenziali e funzionali. Nessuna analisi, nessun tracciamento.","La Svizzera ha quattro lingue nazionali e questi dati esistono in diverse di esse. Alcune voci sono in più lingue, altre in una sola. Puoi scegliere in quale lingua mostrare i contenuti; se la tua scelta non è disponibile per una voce, vengono usate le altre lingue secondo un ordine di priorità prestabilito. Questo è indipendente dalla lingua dell'interfaccia. Impostabile in Impostazioni › Lingua del contenuto (in alto a destra).","Questa pagina è disponibile anche in italiano.","Vedi in italiano","Non mostrare più","Nous utilisons uniquement des cookies essentiels et fonctionnels. Aucune analyse, aucun suivi.","La Suisse a quatre langues nationales, et ces données existent dans plusieurs d'entre elles. Certaines entrées sont en plusieurs langues, d'autres dans une seule. Vous pouvez choisir la langue d'affichage du contenu ; si votre choix n'est pas disponible pour une entrée, les autres langues sont utilisées selon un ordre de priorité défini. Ceci est indépendant de la langue de l'interface. Réglable dans Paramètres › Langue du contenu (en haut à droite).","Cette page est aussi disponible en français.","Voir en français","Ne plus afficher","Wir verwenden nur essenzielle, funktionale Cookies. Keine Analyse, kein Tracking.","Die Schweiz hat vier Landessprachen, und diese Daten liegen in mehreren davon vor. Manche Einträge sind mehrsprachig, andere nur in einer Sprache. Sie können wählen, in welcher Sprache die Inhalte angezeigt werden; ist Ihre Wahl für einen Eintrag nicht verfügbar, werden die übrigen Sprachen in einer festen Prioritätsreihenfolge verwendet. Dies ist unabhängig von der Oberflächensprache. Einstellbar unter Einstellungen › Inhaltssprache (oben rechts).","Diese Seite ist auch auf Deutsch verfügbar.","Auf Deutsch anzeigen","Nicht mehr anzeigen","We use only essential, functional cookies. No analytics, no tracking.","Switzerland has four national languages, and this data comes in several of them. Some records are in multiple languages, some in only one. You can choose which language the content is shown in; when your choice isn't available for a record, the remaining languages are used in a set priority order. This is independent of the interface language. Set it under Settings › Content language (top right).","This page is also available in English.","View in English","Don't show again","settings",{"_1812":1813,"_1814":1815,"_1816":1171,"_1817":1818,"_1819":1173,"_1820":1175,"_1821":1822,"_1823":1824,"_1825":1826,"_1827":1828,"_1829":1830,"_644":645,"_1831":1832,"_1833":1834,"_1835":1836,"_1837":1838,"_1839":1840},"nav",{"_1636":1758,"_1759":1760,"_1761":694,"_1762":1763,"_1764":1765,"_1645":1646,"_1647":1648,"_1649":1650,"_1651":1652,"_1638":339,"_70":535,"_1640":425,"_1639":491,"_74":349,"_1643":458,"_1311":379,"_81":369,"_1641":359,"_1642":389,"_1644":399,"_1766":1751,"_1767":1768,"_1614":1615,"_1769":1770,"_1616":1617,"_1771":1772,"_1773":1774,"_1775":1776,"_1777":1778,"_1779":1780,"_1781":1782,"_1783":1784,"_1785":1786,"_1787":1788,"_1789":1790,"_1791":1792,"_1793":1794,"_1795":1796,"_1797":1798,"_1799":1800,"_1801":1802,"_1803":1804,"_1805":1755,"_1806":1807,"_1808":1809,"_1810":1811},{"_1704":1739,"_1706":1740,"_1708":1741,"_1710":1742,"_1712":1743},{"_1750":1751,"_1752":1753,"_1754":1755,"_1756":1757},"project.title","Project","project.desc","About parlhub: what the portal is, answers to common questions, and how the data fits together.","experiments.title","Experiments","experiments.desc","Experimental analyses and methodology showcases on parlhub, including the Wordfish scaling of parliaments from their speeches.","parlhub home","skip_to_content","Skip to main content","explore","start","Start here","start_desc","Quicklinks to chambers, cantons and communes","project","project_desc","The project at a glance","about_desc","What parlhub is and who is behind it","faq_desc","Answers to common questions","sustainability","Sustainability","sustainability_desc","How parlhub is hosted and what it costs the planet","accessibility","Accessibility","accessibility_desc","What works, what doesn't, and how to report a barrier","traffic_stats","Traffic statistics","traffic_stats_desc","Which parts of the site get requested, and by whom","imprint","Imprint","imprint_desc","Who runs parlhub, contact, and the licenses","github","GitHub","github_desc","The project's source code on GitHub","data_guide","Data guide","data_guide_desc","Every kind of data, in plain terms, with examples","data_map","Data map","data_map_desc","How the data fits together, at a glance","methodology","Methodology","methodology_desc","How each figure is calculated, with links to the code","experiments","experiments_desc","Experimental analyses and methodology write-ups","wordfish","Wordfish scaling","wordfish_desc","Placing members on an axis by the words in their speeches","menu_label","Settings","appearance","Appearance","theme","theme_system","System","theme_light","theme_dark","font_size","Font size","font_size_decrease","Decrease font size","font_size_increase","Increase font size","high_contrast","High contrast","grayscale","Grayscale","interface_language","Interface","content_language","Content language","content_language_auto","Auto (follow interface)","content_language_note","Language of the displayed data (names, titles, texts). Independent of the interface; when a record isn't available, the next language is used.","content_language_priority","Priority",{"_1816":1842,"_1821":1843,"_1844":221,"_1845":206,"_1846":206,"_1847":221,"_1848":-5},"system",100,"show_cookie_consent_message","ui_high_contrast","ui_grayscale","msg_lang_hint","content_lang"]