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Die Alpenkonvention verfolgt das Ziel, den Rahmen für eine ganzheitliche Politik zum Schutz des Alpenraumes zu schaffen. In diesem Sinn sind Ausgangsbasis und Stossrichtung dieser Konvention zu begrüssen.

Beim Schutz dieses Lebensraumes dürfen jedoch die Förderung menschlicher Tätigkeiten und der soziale Fortschritt nicht ausser Acht gelassen werden. Alle, insbesondere aber die ansässige Bevölkerung, müssen auf ihre Rechnung kommen. Auch die Bergbevölkerung hat das Recht auf eine wirtschaftliche Existenz und ein würdiges Leben, und dazu müssen sie die Vorteile ihrer Region nutzen können.

Ist der Bundesrat wirklich bereit:

1. zu gewährleisten, dass die betroffenen Regionen auch in Zukunft und ohne zusätzliche Einschränkungen Nutzen aus ihren natürlichen, wirtschaftlichen, energetischen und landwirtschaftlichen Ressourcen sowie aus dem Tourismus ziehen können?

2. jedes Jahr im Budget einen genügend hohen Kredit vorzusehen, um

2.1 die regionale Politik auf dem heutigen Niveau weiterführen zu können;

2.2 nicht rentable Dienstleistungen des Service public abzugelten;

2.3 Verkehrswege und Siedlungen zu sichern;

2.4 die Leistungen, die von der ansässigen Bevölkerung im öffentlichen Interesse erbracht werden, abzugelten (Erholungsgebiet, Lunge des Landes, Wasserreservoir, Landschaftspflege);

2.5 die natürlichen Ressourcen zu ihrem wahren Wert abzugelten (Wasserkraftnutzung, Forstwirtschaft ....);

3. die Finanzierung von Unterstützungsmassnahmen gemäss Alpenkonvention zu garantieren, damit Schutzmassnahmen ergriffen werden können, wie z. B.:

3.1 die Förderung der Berglandwirtschaft (Direktzahlungen, Förderung traditioneller Produkte und der Vermarktung, die Erhaltung von Hofanlagen, Renaturierung der Kulturlandschaft, Förderung der Forstwirtschaft, Viehhaltung, Biodiversität, Förderung der Agrarausbildung und -forschung, Verbesserungen der Lebens- und Arbeitsbedingungen);

3.2 Unterstützung gemäss dem Protokoll Naturschutz und Landschaftspflege (Wiederherstellung von Biotopen, Erhaltung des Lebensraumes, Schutz der Fauna und Flora, Schaffung geschützter Flächen, systematische Beobachtung der Natur, usw. ....);

3.3 Unterstützung gemäss dem Protokoll Tourismus (Förderung von nachhaltigem Tourismus, Massnahmen zur Förderung der Innovation und der Diversifizierung des Angebotes ....);

3.4 Unterstützung gemäss dem Protokoll Verkehr (Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfung, Zweckmässigkeitsprüfung, Risikoanalyse, Einrichtung kundenfreundlicher öffentlicher Verkehrssysteme, Bericht über die Folgewirkungen des Verkehrs, Prüfung der Belastungen touristischer Anlagen, Förderung der autofreien Anreise und des autofreien Aufenthaltes von Urlaubsgästen, Anwendung eines Berechnungssystems zur Ermittlung der Wegkosten und der externen Kosten ....);

3.5 Unterstützung gemäss dem Protokoll Bodenschutz (Anwendung naturnaher Ingenieurtechniken, das Aufbauen von Bodenprobenbanken, Einrichtung von Dauerbeobachtungsflächen im Sinn von Artikel 21 usw. ....);

3.6 Unterstützung gemäss dem Protokoll Energie (Förderung erneuerbarer Energieträger, Schonung der natürlichen Ressourcen, Renaturierung der Standorte und Wiederherstellung der Gewässer, Energiesparmassnahmen);

3.7 Finanzierung von Studien und laufenden Berichten über den Schutz des Alpenraumes ganz allgemein.

4. Ist der Bundesrat bereit, erneut zu prüfen, ob die Schaffung eines Kohäsionsfonds für den Alpenraum nach dem Vorbild des Europäischen Kohäsionsfonds möglich ist? Ziel dieses europäischen Fonds ist es, \"den wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Fortschritt zu unterstützen und schrittweise die Unterschiede zu beseitigen, die im Lebensstandard zwischen den einzelnen Mitgliedstaaten und Regionen bestehen\".

","affair_title",33740,"20023055_14","Antwort BR / Büro","

Die Alpenkonvention bezieht sich auf eine für Europa sehr wichtige Region. Nicht nur leben im Alpenbogen 14 Millionen Menschen, er zieht auch jährlich über 100 Millionen Erholung Suchende an. Der alpenquerende Verkehr ist für die direkt betroffenen Länder und den gesamten europäischen Raum ein wichtiger Faktor der europäischen Verkehrs-, Umwelt- und Wirtschaftspolitik.

Die Alpenkonvention wurde Ende der Achtzigerjahre als Antwort auf die für Mensch und Natur gleichermassen starke Belastung des Lebens- und Wirtschaftsraumes ins Leben gerufen. Standen die Schutzaspekte zu Beginn im Vordergrund der Konvention und der nach und nach ausgearbeiteten Durchführungsprotokolle, so wurde die Philosophie der nachhaltigen sozialen, wirtschaftlichen und ökologischen Entwicklung seit der Uno-Konferenz für Umwelt und Entwicklung in Rio de Janeiro im Juni 1992 zur bestimmenden Leitidee und von allen Vertragsparteien akzeptiert. Die Verknüpfung von Schützen und Nutzen und die Inwertsetzung der besonderen Standortqualiäten im Alpenraum für die ansässige Bevölkerung und die Wirtschaft stehen denn auch im Zentrum der raumordnungspolitischen Entwicklungsgrundsätze der Schweiz für den Alpenraum.

Gleichzeitig mit der Berücksichtigung der Nachhaltigkeit anerkannten die Vertragsparteien der Alpenkonvention (Deutschland, Frankreich, Italien, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Österreich, Slowenien, die EU und die Schweiz) die Wichtigkeit des Prinzips der Subsidiarität und des Einbezugs der Gebietskörperschaften. Alpenkonvention und Durchführungsprotokolle basieren auf den Grundsätzen der föderalistischen Aufgabenteilung.

Zu den aufgeworfenen Fragen nimmt der Bundesrat wie folgt Stellung:

1. Die Umsetzung der Alpenkonvention und der Durchführungsprotokolle wird in keiner Art und Weise die nachhaltige Bewirtschaftung der natürlichen, wirtschaftlichen, energetischen und landwirtschaftlichen Ressourcen der Berggebiete beeinträchtigen. Die Bestimmungen der Alpenkonvention und ihrer Protokolle gehen nicht über unsere geltende Rechtsordnung hinaus. Es besteht somit kein zusätzlicher rechtlicher Anpassungsbedarf via Alpenkonvention. Die Gebirgskantone und die Kantone mit Alpenanteil bleiben im Rahmen der geltenden Bundesgesetzgebung zuständig für die Regelung und Umsetzung der einzelnen Sektoralpolitiken.

Die Beurteilung einzelner Projekte erfolgt innerhalb der bestehenden Rechtsordnung. Als Beispiel sei hier der Regionalflugplatz Agno erwähnt. Im Sachplan Infrastruktur der Luftfahrt wurden die konzeptionellen Ziele für die gesamte Infrastruktur der Luftfahrt, und auch für den Regionalflugplatz Agno, festgehalten. Mit den neuen Luftfahrtsicherheitsbestimmungen sind viele Flugplätze verpflichtet, aus Sicherheitsgründen die Piste zu verlängern. Dazu gehört auch Agno. Damit ist jedoch keine Erhöhung der mit der Rahmenkonzession für diesen Flugplatz festgelegten Anzahl Flugbewegungen verbunden.

Der Ausbau der Piste von Agno ist bislang an finanziellen Schwierigkeiten gescheitert. Es gibt keinen Bezug zwischen der Situation um den Regionalflugplatz Agno und der Alpenkonvention oder einzelnen Protokollen.

Ein weiteres Beispiel soll hier erwähnt werden, um den Bezug zwischen der Alpenkonvention und einzelnen Projekten aufzuzeigen: die Avanti-Initiative bzw. der mit dieser Initiative verlangte Bau der zweiten Gotthard-Autobahnröhre. Das Verkehrsprotokoll der Alpenkonvention stipuliert in Artikel 11 Absatz 1: \"Die Vertragsparteien verzichten auf den Bau neuer hochrangiger Strassen für den alpenquerenden Verkehr.\" Der Bau der zweiten Röhre ist gemäss Bundesamt für Justiz ein Ausbau einer bestehenden Infrastruktur und kein Neubau (keine neue hochrangige Strasse). Der Bau der zweiten Röhre würde demnach nicht gegen das Verkehrsprotokoll der Alpenkonvention verstossen. Artikel 84 der Bundesverfassung \"Alpenquerender Transitverkehr\" geht erheblich weiter als die Bestimmungen des genannten Protokolls. Der Bundesrat hat diese Position in der Botschaft dargelegt. Diese Auslegung von Artikel 11 des Verkehrsprotokolls wurde von den anderen Vertragsparteien nie als unzulässig in Frage gestellt.

2. Aus der Alpenkonvention und den Protokollen ergeben sich keine Einschränkungen für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung im Alpenraum und keine neuen Erfordernisse eines zusätzlichen finanziellen Ausgleiches durch den Bund. Die Fragen zur Sicherstellung genügend hoher jährlicher Kredite für die Finanzierung von verschiedenen Massnahmen im Alpenraum können wie folgt beantwortet werden:

2.1 Eine Expertengruppe unter der Leitung des Staatssekretariates für Wirtschaft überprüft zurzeit die Regionalpolitik und die Frage einer Neuausrichtung. Ausgangspunkt sind die veränderten raumordnungspolitischen Herausforderungen (Marktliberalisierung und Strukturwandel in der Landwirtschaft, Multifunktionalität des Landschaftsraumes, Verbesserung der Lebens- und Arbeitsbedingungen usw.) sowie die Leitlinien und die Strategie einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung, die der Bundesrat in seinem Bericht vom 27. März 2002 festgehalten hat. Verbindliche Aussagen über die zukünftigen Schwerpunkte und die dazu vorgesehenen finanziellen Mittel können aufgrund der noch laufenden Arbeiten derzeit nicht gemacht werden.

2.2 Zur Frage der Grundversorgung und ihrer Finanzierung sind diverse parlamentarische Vorstösse hängig. Der Bundesrat ist sich der besonderen Bedeutung dieser Thematik für den Alpenraum bewusst. Er wird die Fragestellung bei der künftigen Umsetzung der Alpenkonvention und ihrer Protokolle ausdrücklich einbeziehen.

Der Bundesrat anerkennt die Mitverpflichtung des Bundes bei der Sicherstellung der Grundversorgung im Infrastrukturbereich. Das UVEK wird mit dem \"Konzept für den Service public im Infrastrukturbereich\" die Grundlage für eine künftige Politik des Bundesrates und der einzelnen Fachbereiche schaffen. Dieses Konzept ist Bestandteil der bundesrätlichen \"Strategie Nachhaltige Entwicklung 2002\".

2.3 Gemäss Artikel 83 der Bundesverfassung stellt der Bund die Errichtung von Nationalstrassen und deren Benützbarkeit sicher. Für die übrige Strassenverkehrsinfrastruktur sind die Kantone und Gemeinden zuständig. Die Verordnung über Personenbeförderungskonzessionen (SR 744.11, Art. 23) hält dazu fest: \"Die Unternehmung ist verpflichtet, das in der Konzession oder Bewilligung umschriebene Angebot während der ganzen Gültigkeitsdauer zu erbringen.\" Zum Schutz vor Naturgefahren bestehen raumplanerische Instrumente. Die Festlegung und Umsetzung raumplanerischer Massnahmen zum Schutz der Verkehrswege und der Siedlungsgebiete vor Naturgefahren liegt in der Kompetenz der Kantone.

2.4 Gemeinwirtschaftliche Leistungen wie der Schutz und die Pflege der Kulturlandschaft oder von Schutzgebieten werden im Rahmen der bestehenden Gesetzgebung, z. B. des Bundesgesetzes über den Natur- und Heimatschutz oder die Landwirtschaftsgesetzgebung, abgegolten.

2.5 Aus der Alpenkonvention und ihrer Durchführungsprotokolle ergeben sich keine Forderungen oder Voraussetzungen, neue Regelungen im Bereich der Abgeltung gemeinwirtschaftlicher Leistungen einzuführen.

3. Da die Alpenkonvention und ihre Durchführungsprotokolle für unser Land keine neuen gesetzlichen Verpflichtungen schaffen, bedarf es aufgrund der Alpenkonvention keiner neuen Regelungen in Bezug auf Abgeltungen und Entschädigungen für besondere und gesetzlich verlangte Leistungen im Bereich der Berglandwirtschaft (Frage 3.1), des Verkehrs und des Schutzes vor Naturgefahren (Frage 3.4), des Bodenschutzes (Frage 3.5) und der Energie (Frage 3.6). Die Frage nach zusätzlichen, über die heutigen Regelungen hinausgehenden finanziellen Mitteln zur Unterstützung der nachhaltigen Entwicklung im Alpenraum wäre losgelöst von den Anliegen der Alpenkonvention zu diskutieren.

3.2/3.3 Der Bundesrat hat am 11. September 2002 einen Entwurf für eine Teilrevision des Bundesgesetzes über den Natur- und Heimatschutz in die Vernehmlassung gegeben. Die zentralen Elemente dieser Revision sind die Festlegung qualitativer und quantitativer Kriterien für die Schaffung von Natur- und Landschaftsparks. Die Fragen zur Finanzierung werden - unter Berücksichtigung der begrenzten Möglichkeiten des Bundeshaushaltes - noch zu prüfen sein.

3.4/3.5/3.6 Die vom Interpellanten angeführten Bestimmungen aus dem Verkehrs-, Bodenschutz- und Energieprotokoll werden im Rahmen der angesprochenen Sektoralpolitiken umgesetzt (z. B. Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfung, kundenfreundliche öffentliche Verkehrssysteme, Bericht über Folgewirkungen des Verkehrs, Renaturierung und Wiederherstellung von Gewässern). Den Kantonen und den Gemeinden erwachsen mit diesen Bestimmungen keine zusätzlichen Belastungen. Etliche Gebirgskantone und Gemeinden haben in den vergangenen Jahren Vorhaben im Sinne des Interpellanten initiiert und umgesetzt, z. B. im Bereich der Förderung der autofreien Anreise oder des autofreien Aufenthaltes von Urlaubsgästen.

3.7 Im Rahmen der Arbeiten der Organe der Alpenkonferenz werden Arbeitsgruppen für die Bearbeitung spezifischer Fragestellungen, unter der Federführung eines Landes, eingesetzt. Die daraus entstehenden Kosten für Studien und Berichte gehen zulasten des jeweiligen Vorsitzlandes. Das jährliche nationale Budget für die Alpenkonvention im Bundesamt für Raumentwicklung beläuft sich zurzeit auf 250 000 Franken.

In der Schweiz beschäftigt sich eine Reihe von Institutionen mit Forschungsfragen zum Alpenraum. Dazu gehören u. a.: das Geographische Institut der Universität Bern, das Institut für die Geschichte der Alpen in Lugano, das Schnee- und Lawinenforschungsinstitut in Davos. Die Finanzierung ihrer Aktivitäten erfolgt über die Budgets der jeweiligen Universität oder Forschungsanstalt.

4. Die Schaffung eines Kohäsionsfonds wurde in jüngster Vergangenheit mehrfach diskutiert. Sowohl bei der Beratung der Parlamentarischen Initiative 99.0449n, \"Gewinne von Post, SBB und Swisscom. Schaffung eines nationalen Kohäsionsfonds\" als auch bei der Beratung der Standesinitiativen der Kantone Graubünden, Wallis, Tessin und Schaffhausen (99.309s, 00.305s, 00.316s, 00.313s) wurde die Schaffung eines solchen Fonds abgelehnt. Der Ständerat verwarf am 5. Oktober 2000 einstimmig die erwähnten Standesinitiativen. Wohl anerkannte er Handlungsbedarf, die Bedenken gegenüber der Zweckbindung eines Fonds überwogen jedoch. Stattdessen wurde der Bundesrat aufgefordert, Massnahmen zu ergreifen, um die landesweite Versorgung von Bevölkerung und Wirtschaft sicherzustellen. In Anerkennung der besonderen Herausforderungen, die sich den Bergregionen auch in Zukunft stellen werden, hat der Bundesrat im Rahmen der bereits genannten \"Strategie Nachhaltige Entwicklung 2002\" die Zusicherung gemacht, die Schaffung einer Kohäsionsstiftung zu prüfen, in welche die bisherige Infrastrukturförderung im Berggebiet (Investitionshilfegesetz) übergeführt würde.

Antwort des Bundesrates.",33739,"20023055_1","Titel des 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Tile size shows how often a word is used.","topics_all_time","All time","topics_last_4y","Last 4 years","topics_last_8y","Last 8 years","topics_from","topics_to","topics_speeches","speeches","topics_words","words (filtered)","topics_distinct","distinct words","topics_uses","uses","topics_alt","Treemap of the {count} most-used words, sized by how often each is used. {ctx}","topics_table_alt","Table of the {count} most-used words and how often each is used. {ctx}","topics_table_toggle","Show as table","topics_table_word","Word","topics_empty","No speeches with usable text in this period. Try widening the range.","loyalty_title","Party loyalty","loyalty_subtitle","Share of a member's votes cast against their group's majority line (higher = more independent). Abstentions count as a position.","loyalty_axis","Dissent rate: share of votes against own group","loyalty_dissent","dissent","loyalty_ballots","votes","loyalty_empty","No votes in this period meet the thresholds for a loyalty score. Widen the range.","loyalty_chart_alt","Beeswarm plot of the dissent rate of {count} members, one dot per member, coloured by party. {ctx}","loyalty_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their votes, dissents and dissent rate. {ctx}","loyalty_col_member","loyalty_col_party","loyalty_col_group","loyalty_col_ballots","loyalty_col_dissents","Against","loyalty_col_rate","Dissent","loyalty_from","loyalty_to","loyalty_scale","Scale","loyalty_scale_log","Log","loyalty_scale_linear","Linear","loyalty_filters","Filters","cohesion_title","Group cohesion","cohesion_hint","mean Agreement Index (1 = unanimous)","section_alignment","Voting alignment","no_alignment","Not enough shared votes to compare.","view_all_alignment","View full alignment","alignment_agreed_of_shared","agreed on {agreed} of {shared} shared votes","sort_agreement","Agreement","sort_shared","Shared votes","facet_min_shared","Min. shared","min_shared_10","≥ 10","min_shared_20","≥ 20","min_shared_50","≥ 50","min_shared_100","≥ 100","section_body_alignment","body_alignment_subtitle","How members of this chamber vote relative to one another, from the votes they have in common. In the map, members who vote alike sit close together and opponents far apart. Colours are parties, so blocs and coalitions show up as clusters. The grid gives the average agreement between each pair of parties (the diagonal is each party's own internal cohesion).","alignment_from","alignment_to","alignment_view","View","alignment_view_scatter","Map","alignment_view_heatmap","Party grid","alignment_empty","Not enough votes in this window to build the model.","alignment_window_note","Most meaningful within a single legislative period: the model compares members from the votes they have in common. If the window spans an election or a change in composition, members with different terms barely overlap and positions become less comparable.","alignment_no_parties","No party groups to compare in this window.","alignment_scatter_alt","Scatter plot of {count} members placed by how similarly they voted, coloured by party. {ctx}","alignment_pairs","pairs","alignment_heatmap_note","Each cell is the average agreement between members of the two parties (diagonal = a party's internal cohesion). ± is the 95% confidence range and n the number of member-pairs behind it. A small range over many pairs means the alignment is well-established; a wide range means it's only suggestive.","alignment_heatmap_alt","Grid of the average voting agreement between {count} parties. {ctx}","alignment_members_heading","Members","alignment_members_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their agreement with the chamber and with their own party. {ctx}","alignment_col_member","alignment_col_party","alignment_col_votes","alignment_col_chamber","Aligns with chamber","alignment_col_party_align","Within party","alignment_zoom_in","Zoom in","alignment_zoom_out","Zoom out","alignment_zoom_reset","Reset zoom","alignment_filters","section_lobby","Lobby network","lobby_subtitle","The organizations members of this chamber declare in their register of interests, and where those ties overlap. In the network, members are dots (coloured by party) and organizations shared by two or more members are squares. Members who share the same organizations pull together. The breakdown shows how many mandates are paid versus unpaid, and who holds the most.","lobby_empty","No declared interests for this chamber in this window.","lobby_no_shared","No organizations are shared by two or more members here. See the breakdown.","lobby_network_alt","Network graph of {members} members and the {orgs} organizations they share, linked by declared interests. {ctx}","lobby_mandates","mandates","lobby_members_tied","members","lobby_unknown","Unknown","lobby_org_node","Organization","lobby_payment_heading","Paid vs unpaid mandates","lobby_top_orgs","Most-shared organizations","lobby_top_members","Members by mandates","discussion_title","Speech profiles","discussion_intro","Where members sit on a latent axis derived purely from the words they use in their speeches (Wordfish scaling).","discussion_calculating","Scaling speeches…","lobby_calculating","Computing lobby network…","discussion_error","The speech scaling could not be computed.","discussion_converged","Model converged","discussion_not_converged","Model did not fully converge. Read positions with extra caution.","discussion_members_scored","Members scored","discussion_vocab","Vocabulary","discussion_window","Window","discussion_show_all","discussion_show_reliable","Reliable only","discussion_methodology","How this is computed","discussion_range_label","Time range","discussion_range_1y","1 year","discussion_range_2y","2 years","discussion_range_4y","4 years","discussion_range_8y","8 years","discussion_plot_alt","Beeswarm plot of {count} members placed along a word-choice axis, one dot per member. {ctx}","discussion_plot_caption","Each dot is one member, placed by the words they use in their speeches. Members who reach for the same distinctive words sit close together; members who talk very differently sit far apart. So a member's spot isn't assigned by us; it comes out of how they actually speak. For example, someone who keeps saying “tax”, “budget” and “spending” lands far from someone who mostly says “asylum”, “border” and “integration”. Hover any dot for its details. Filled dots have enough speech to place reliably; hollow rings spoke too little, so read their position with caution.","discussion_empty","No speeches are available for this parliament, so its members can't be placed on the axis. This scaling reads the words members actually speak, and the data set only holds speech transcripts for a few parliaments: the federal chambers and a handful of cantons such as Bern, Basel-Stadt or St. Gallen. You can also try a longer time range above.","discussion_empty_sparse","There is too little speech transcript text for this parliament to place its members on the axis. Try a longer time range above.","discussion_pole_a","One pole","discussion_pole_b","Other pole","discussion_col_party","discussion_key_filled","Enough text (reliable)","discussion_key_ring","Below the word floor (low confidence)","discussion_align_title","Does the axis track party?","discussion_align_hint","How much of the spread in positions is explained by party membership (η²): 100% = parties are perfectly separated, ~0% = party tells you nothing.","discussion_align_strong","parties are clearly separated","discussion_align_moderate","parties are partly separated","discussion_align_weak","party barely explains the axis","discussion_poles_title","What the axis is made of","discussion_poles_hint","The words that most pull members towards each pole. The axis only means something once you read these. Its direction is arbitrary.","discussion_no_party","No party","discussion_col_name","discussion_col_position","Position","discussion_col_words","Words","discussion_col_speeches","discussion_low_confidence","low confidence","discussion_table_title","discussion_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their position on the word-choice axis. {ctx}","discussion_read_title","How to read this","discussion_read_direction","The axis direction is arbitrary: Wordfish finds the split, not which side is “left” or “right”. Read the word poles to see what each side means.","discussion_read_uncertainty","Positions are standardized, so the spread is a convention, not a real distance. Wider error bars (and hollow dots) mean less certainty, so don't over-read those members.","discussion_read_confound","Speech style reflects role as much as ideology: committee chairs, ministers and frequent speakers can land at a pole because of what they do, not only what they believe.","organizations_title","organizations_none","No organizations.","org_members","org_mandates","org_bodies","org_members_heading","org_members_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their party, body, role, payment and period. {ctx}","org_no_members","No members.","org_col_member","org_col_party","org_col_body","org_col_role","org_col_payment","Payment","org_col_period","sort_members","sort_mandates","Mandates","interest_unknown","lobby_panel_person","Declared organizations","lobby_panel_org","Members with this mandate","lobby_table_heading","Who is tied to what","lobby_table_explain","The full matrix marks every member against every shared organization: one dot per declared tie, the exhaustive view of who is tied to what.","lobby_table_large","For this chamber that is","lobby_table_cells","cells","lobby_table_show","Show table","lobby_table_alt","Table marking each of {count} members against the {orgs} organizations they are tied to, one dot per declared tie. {ctx}","lobby_select_hint","Select a member or organization to see its ties.","lobby_filters","lobby_error","The lobby network could not be computed.","lobby_clear_selection","Clear selection","close","not_found_person","Person not found","not_found_body","Parliament not found","not_found_affair","Affair not found","not_found_group","Committee or group not found","not_found_voting","Voting not found","not_found_meeting","Meeting not found","not_found_interest","Interest not found","not_found_organization","Organization not found","not_found_text","Text not found","not_found_doc","Document not found","not_found_speech","Speech not found","not_found_hint","There is no entry with the ID {id}. It may have been removed, or the link may be outdated.","not_found_back","Back to the overview","about","About","faq","FAQ","section_title","section_title_bodies","section_title_affairs","section_title_votings","section_title_texts","section_title_docs","section_subtitle_search","section_subtitle_discussion",{"_1610":1611,"_1627":793,"_1628":1629,"_1630":1631,"_1632":980,"_1311":553,"_1285":353,"_105":557,"_1633":560,"_1616":363,"_1634":1635,"_1636":764,"_1418":313,"_102":323,"_1613":465,"_107":333,"_19":563,"_109":343,"_1637":1090,"_1638":1224,"_1639":1260,"_1640":1224,"_1641":1642,"_1643":1224,"_1644":1645,"_1646":553,"_1647":732,"_1648":1224,"_1649":1631,"_1650":557,"_1617":432,"_1651":1652,"_1223":1224,"_1653":670,"_1236":1224,"_100":568,"_1654":1446,"_1655":1303,"_1656":1341,"_1657":1635,"_1658":1430,"_1618":373,"_1659":1422,"_1660":1224},"section_switcher",{"_1608":1609,"_1610":1611,"_1612":313,"_98":509,"_102":323,"_1613":465,"_1614":399,"_1285":353,"_109":343,"_1615":333,"_1616":363,"_1617":432,"_1618":373,"_1619":1620,"_1621":1622,"_1623":1624,"_1625":1626},"section_title_speeches","section_title_groups","section_title_interests","section_title_meetings","section_title_organizations","label_section","Section","home","Home","people","affairs","groups","documents","interests","meetings","organizations","group_parliament","Actors","group_proceedings","Proceedings","group_records","Records","group_lobbying","Lobbying","search","eyebrow","Data on {{name}}","overview","Overview","personal_data","memberships","access_badges","Lobby","images","texts_overview","text_details","docs_overview","doc_details","votings_overview","Voting","voting_details","voting_diagram","Diagram","voting_tally","speeches_overview","speech_details","groups_overview","contributions","interests_overview","Interest","meetings_overview","vocabulary","loyalty","alignment","lobby","discussion","organizations_overview","org_details",{"_1718":1719,"_1720":1721,"_1662":1722,"_264":1723},"intro",{"_1664":1665,"_1666":1667,"_1668":1669,"_1670":1671,"_1672":1673,"_1674":1675,"_1676":1677},"en",{"_1678":1713,"_1680":1714,"_1682":1715,"_1684":1716,"_1686":1717},"de",{"_1678":1708,"_1680":1709,"_1682":1710,"_1684":1711,"_1686":1712},"fr",{"_1678":1703,"_1680":1704,"_1682":1705,"_1684":1706,"_1686":1707},"it",{"_1678":1698,"_1680":1699,"_1682":1700,"_1684":1701,"_1686":1702},"es",{"_1678":1693,"_1680":1694,"_1682":1695,"_1684":1696,"_1686":1697},"pt",{"_1678":1688,"_1680":1689,"_1682":1690,"_1684":1691,"_1686":1692},"rm",{"_1678":1679,"_1680":1681,"_1682":1683,"_1684":1685,"_1686":1687},"cookie","Nus duvrain mo cookies essenzials e funcziunals. Nagina analitica, nagin tracking.","dataLang","La Svizra ha quatter linguas naziunalas, e questas datas datti en pliras da quellas. Intgins records èn plurilings, auters mo en ina lingua. Vus pudais tscherner en tge lingua ch'il cuntegn vegn mussà; sche vossa tscherna n'è betg disponibla per in record, vegnan duvradas las autras linguas en in urden da prioritad fix. Quai è independent da la lingua da l'interfatscha. As lascha reglar sut Configuraziuns › Lingua dal cuntegn (sura a dretga).","alt","Questa pagina è era disponibla per rumantsch.","switch","Mussar per rumantsch","dismiss","Betg pli mussar","Utilizamos apenas cookies essenciais e funcionais. Sem análises, sem rastreio.","A Suíça tem quatro línguas nacionais, e estes dados existem em várias delas. Alguns registos estão em várias línguas, outros apenas numa. Pode escolher em que idioma os conteúdos são apresentados; quando a sua escolha não está disponível para um registo, as restantes línguas são usadas por uma ordem de prioridade fixa. Isto é independente do idioma da interface. Configure em Definições › Idioma dos conteúdos (canto superior direito).","Esta página também está disponível em português.","Ver em português","Não mostrar novamente","Solo utilizamos cookies esenciales y funcionales. Sin análisis, sin seguimiento.","Suiza tiene cuatro lenguas nacionales, y estos datos existen en varias de ellas. Algunos registros están en varias lenguas, otros en una sola. Puede elegir en qué idioma se muestra el contenido; cuando su elección no está disponible para un registro, se utilizan las demás lenguas en un orden de prioridad fijo. Esto es independiente del idioma de la interfaz. 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Certaines entrées sont en plusieurs langues, d'autres dans une seule. Vous pouvez choisir la langue d'affichage du contenu ; si votre choix n'est pas disponible pour une entrée, les autres langues sont utilisées selon un ordre de priorité défini. Ceci est indépendant de la langue de l'interface. Réglable dans Paramètres › Langue du contenu (en haut à droite).","Cette page est aussi disponible en français.","Voir en français","Ne plus afficher","Wir verwenden nur essenzielle, funktionale Cookies. Keine Analyse, kein Tracking.","Die Schweiz hat vier Landessprachen, und diese Daten liegen in mehreren davon vor. Manche Einträge sind mehrsprachig, andere nur in einer Sprache. Sie können wählen, in welcher Sprache die Inhalte angezeigt werden; ist Ihre Wahl für einen Eintrag nicht verfügbar, werden die übrigen Sprachen in einer festen Prioritätsreihenfolge verwendet. Dies ist unabhängig von der Oberflächensprache. Einstellbar unter Einstellungen › Inhaltssprache (oben rechts).","Diese Seite ist auch auf Deutsch verfügbar.","Auf Deutsch anzeigen","Nicht mehr anzeigen","We use only essential, functional cookies. No analytics, no tracking.","Switzerland has four national languages, and this data comes in several of them. Some records are in multiple languages, some in only one. You can choose which language the content is shown in; when your choice isn't available for a record, the remaining languages are used in a set priority order. This is independent of the interface language. Set it under Settings › Content language (top right).","This page is also available in English.","View in English","Don't show again","settings",{"_1786":1787,"_1788":1789,"_1790":1145,"_1791":1792,"_1793":1147,"_1794":1149,"_1795":1796,"_1797":1798,"_1799":1800,"_1801":1802,"_1803":1804,"_618":619,"_1805":1806,"_1807":1808,"_1809":1810,"_1811":1812,"_1813":1814},"nav",{"_1610":1732,"_1733":1734,"_1735":668,"_1736":1737,"_1738":1739,"_1619":1620,"_1621":1622,"_1623":1624,"_1625":1626,"_1612":313,"_98":509,"_1614":399,"_1613":465,"_102":323,"_1617":432,"_1285":353,"_109":343,"_1615":333,"_1616":363,"_1618":373,"_1740":1725,"_1741":1742,"_1588":1589,"_1743":1744,"_1590":1591,"_1745":1746,"_1747":1748,"_1749":1750,"_1751":1752,"_1753":1754,"_1755":1756,"_1757":1758,"_1759":1760,"_1761":1762,"_1763":1764,"_1765":1766,"_1767":1768,"_1769":1770,"_1771":1772,"_1773":1774,"_1775":1776,"_1777":1778,"_1779":1729,"_1780":1781,"_1782":1783,"_1784":1785},{"_1678":1713,"_1680":1714,"_1682":1715,"_1684":1716,"_1686":1717},{"_1724":1725,"_1726":1727,"_1728":1729,"_1730":1731},"project.title","Project","project.desc","About parlhub: what the portal is, answers to common questions, and how the data fits together.","experiments.title","Experiments","experiments.desc","Experimental analyses and methodology showcases on parlhub, including the Wordfish scaling of parliaments from their speeches.","parlhub home","skip_to_content","Skip to main content","explore","start","Start here","start_desc","Quicklinks to chambers, cantons and communes","project","project_desc","The project at a glance","about_desc","What parlhub is and who is behind it","faq_desc","Answers to common questions","sustainability","Sustainability","sustainability_desc","How parlhub is hosted and what it costs the planet","accessibility","Accessibility","accessibility_desc","What works, what doesn't, and how to report a barrier","traffic_stats","Traffic statistics","traffic_stats_desc","Which parts of the site get requested, and by whom","imprint","Imprint","imprint_desc","Who runs parlhub, contact, and the licenses","github","GitHub","github_desc","The project's source code on GitHub","data_guide","Data guide","data_guide_desc","Every kind of data, in plain terms, with examples","data_map","Data map","data_map_desc","How the data fits together, at a glance","methodology","Methodology","methodology_desc","How each figure is calculated, with links to the code","experiments","experiments_desc","Experimental analyses and methodology write-ups","wordfish","Wordfish scaling","wordfish_desc","Placing members on an axis by the words in their speeches","menu_label","Settings","appearance","Appearance","theme","theme_system","System","theme_light","theme_dark","font_size","Font size","font_size_decrease","Decrease font size","font_size_increase","Increase font size","high_contrast","High contrast","grayscale","Grayscale","interface_language","Interface","content_language","Content language","content_language_auto","Auto (follow interface)","content_language_note","Language of the displayed data (names, titles, texts). Independent of the interface; when a record isn't available, the next language is used.","content_language_priority","Priority",{"_1790":1816,"_1795":1817,"_1818":66,"_1819":54,"_1820":54,"_1821":66,"_1822":-5},"system",100,"show_cookie_consent_message","ui_high_contrast","ui_grayscale","msg_lang_hint","content_lang"]