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Am 21. Mai 2000 haben das Schweizervolk und fast alle Kantone mit einer grossen Mehrheit die bilateralen Verträge, die der Bundesrat mit der Europäischen Union (EU) ausgehandelt hat, gutgeheissen. Im Kanton Tessin wurden diese Verträge allerdings mit 57 Prozent verworfen, obwohl drei der vier wichtigen Parteien wie auch die Arbeitgeberorganisationen und die Gewerkschaften für diese Vorlage eingetreten waren.

Dieser Ausgang hat die restliche Schweiz überrascht. Er lässt sich aber durch die konkreten Sorgen der Bevölkerung eines Grenzkantons erklären, der in einer ganz besonderen und in Bezug auf die anderen Kantone völlig unterschiedlichen Lage ist. Schon im Sommer 1999 hat der Tessiner Staatsrat den Bundesrat auf die besondere Situation hingewiesen, die im Tessin durch die bilateralen Verträge, namentlich durch das Landverkehrsabkommen und das Abkommen über den freien Personenverkehr, entsteht. Das erste wirkt sich im Tessin aus offensichtlichen geographischen Gründen besonders aus, das zweite vor allem, weil das Tessin an eine italienische Region, die Lombardei, grenzt, deren Wirtschaft sich äusserst dynamisch entwickelt, die aber in verschiedenen Sektoren Löhne bezahlt, die um bis zu 40 Prozent unter denjenigen im Tessin liegen, die wiederum 15 bis 20 Prozent unter dem schweizerischen Mittel liegen. Diese Tatsache, die zu einem weiteren Druck auf die Löhne und damit zu neuen Schwierigkeiten auf dem Arbeitsmarkt führen könnte, wird unseres Erachtens nördlich der Alpen und in Bundesbern ungenügend wahrgenommen.

Trotz des Treffens zwischen der Tessiner Regierung und dem Bundesrat wurden weder diese Hinweise berücksichtigt noch Massnahmen zugunsten des Tessins getroffen, dies auch, weil der Bund keine regionalen Ausnahmen zu seiner Politik statuieren will. Nach Auffassung der Tessiner Parlamentarierinnen und Parlamentarier sollte der Bundesrat aber aufgrund der grossen Sorgen, die im Tessin im Anschluss an den 21. Mai 2000 entstanden, seine Haltung zu den Vorschlägen der Tessiner Regierung neu überdenken. Wenn auch in der Regel Sondermassnahmen zugunsten einer einzigen Region vermieden werden, so muss nun die landesweite Solidarität spielen und berücksichtigen, dass es sich hier um eine ausserordentliche Situation handelt.

Der Bundesrat hat ein erstes positives Zeichen gesetzt, indem er die Verlängerung des Bonny-Beschlusses um weitere fünf Jahre beantragt hat. Die Tessiner Deputation schätzt das sehr, glaubt aber, das reiche nicht aus, auch weil die zur Verfügung stehenden Mittel sehr begrenzt sind. Weitere Massnahmen, wie sie die Tessiner Regierung vorgeschlagen hat oder in anderen Vorstössen verlangt wurden, müssen ergriffen werden, um die Risiken des Tessins in Bezug auf den Schwerverkehr und den Arbeitsmarkt zu minimieren.

Deshalb möchte ich im Namen der Tessiner Deputation vom Bundesrat wissen, ob er bereit ist:

1. die Regionalpolitik des Bundes zu überdenken und neu zu definieren und dabei die spezifischen Probleme, welche die bilateralen Verträge für die Grenzregionen mit sich bringen, zu berücksichtigen;

2. im neuen Finanzausgleich und bei der Umstrukturierung der Bundesbetriebe (Swisscom, Post, SBB) den Bedürfnissen der Randregionen, namentlich des Tessins, angemessen Rechnung zu tragen;

3. die Vorschläge, die der Tessiner Staatsrat seinerzeit vorgebracht hat, noch einmal zu prüfen und dem Parlament entsprechende Vorschläge zu unterbreiten, namentlich für die Schaffung und die Finanzierung einer Stelle zur Beobachtung der korrekten Umsetzung der bilateralen Verträge in den EU-Staaten und von deren Auswirkungen auf die Schweiz und die Grenzregionen;

4. mit gezielten Massnahmen, wie Strukturanpassungskrediten, Wirtschaftsförderungsmassnahmen, Krediten für Massnahmen zugunsten des Arbeitsmarktes, Beschäftigungslage und Strukturanpassungen in der Wirtschaft zu unterstützen;

5. die Schaffung eines integrierten Systems zur Führung der Lastwagenlawine am \"Südportal\" der Schweiz, das auf den Hauptachsen Staus verhindern und Alternativlösungen für den Güterverkehr Nord-Süd fördern soll, zu finanzieren;

6. die Projektierung bedeutender Strukturarbeiten, insbesondere am Eisenbahntunnel des Monte Ceneri, und den Weiterbau an der Eisenbahnstrecke gegen Süden auf der Linie Como-Chiasso voranzutreiben und somit deren Realisierung in den festgelegten Fristen sicherzustellen.

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1. Der Bundesrat hat die Neuorientierung der Regionalpolitik in seiner Botschaft vom 28. Februar 1996 umschrieben. Die Grenzregionen sind darin (neben den Berggebieten, Städten und Agglomerationen) als Gebiete erwähnt, die bei der Umsetzung im Auge zu behalten sind. Dabei standen allerdings weniger Bedrohungsszenarien als vielmehr jene Chancen und Synergien im Vordergrund, welche sich diese Gebiete durch die Zusammenarbeit mit ihren Nachbarn erschliessen können. Mit Interreg II (1995-1999) und Interreg III (2000-2006) werden konkrete grenzüberschreitende, regionale Projekte vom Bund gefördert. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Grenzregionen, wo für beide Seiten der Grenzen interessante und zukunftsträchtige Projekte entstanden, wurde dieses Instrument von der Tessiner Wirtschaft allerdings kaum genutzt.

Einem grossen Teil der Grenzgebiete und so auch den Regionen im Kanton Tessin stehen zudem Förderungsinstrumente des Bundes zur Verfügung, welche diese Gebiete in ihrer Strukturanpassung unterstützen. Dazu gehören das Bundesgesetz über Investitionshilfe für Berggebiete, der Bundesbeschluss über die Unterstützung des Strukturwandels im ländlichen Raum sowie der Bundesbeschluss zugunsten wirtschaftlicher Erneuerungsgebiete.

Vor diesem Hintergrund sieht der Bundesrat derzeit keine Notwendigkeit, diese Grundausrichtung der Regionalpolitik zu ändern und mit weiteren Instrumenten anzureichern.

2. Der bundesstaatliche Finanzausgleich ist ein ganzheitliches Werk, das aus verschiedenen aufeinander abzustimmenden Massnahmen besteht. Soll das Ganze dabei nicht nur funktionstüchtig, sondern auch noch transparent sein bzw. gegenüber dem heutigen System an Transparenz gewinnen, bleibt für Sonderlösungen kein Platz. Der Finanzausgleich ist für alle 26 Kantone, unter Inkaufnahme einer gewissen Vernachlässigung ihrer ganz spezifischen Besonderheiten, nach einem einheitlichen Regime abzuwickeln. Solchen Besonderheiten kann in den Sektoralpolitiken gezielter Rechnung getragen werden.

Die Kantone sind in das Projekt \"Neuer Finanzausgleich\" eingebunden; sie sind dabei gleichberechtigte Projektpartner des Bundes. Koordiniert wird die Einflussnahme der Kantone im Rahmen der Konferenz der Kantonsregierungen, die als Mitträgerin des Vorhabens auf Projektstufe zweifellos bestens in der Lage ist, die Interessen bestimmter Kantonsgruppen wahrzunehmen.

Die finanzielle Bilanz sämtlicher Massnahmen des neuen Finanzausgleiches wird für den Kanton Tessin mit grosser Wahrscheinlichkeit positiv ausfallen. Gerade dieser Kanton dürfte von verschiedenen aufgrund der Vernehmlassung unumgänglichen Nachbesserungen profitieren. Der neue Finanzausgleich wird die Lage des Kantons Tessin nicht verschlechtern, sondern wahrscheinlich verbessern.

Die Swisscom, die Post und die SBB müssen - wenn sie wettbewerbsfähig bleiben wollen - Umstrukturierungen durchführen und sich auf die veränderten Bedürfnisse des Marktes ausrichten. Dabei tragen sie im Rahmen des betriebswirtschaftlich Vertretbaren den Bedürfnissen der Randregionen selbstverständlich Rechnung. Es könnte jedoch weder im Interesse der drei Unternehmungen noch der Randregionen liegen, wenn künstlich Arbeitsplätze aufrechterhalten würden, die weder technologisch notwendig noch betriebswirtschaftlich sinnvoll sind. Da einzelne Kantone - darunter der Kanton Tessin - von den Umstrukturierungen von SBB, Post und Swisscom jedoch überproportional betroffen sind, hat der Bundesrat am 23. August 2000 beschlossen, den eidgenössischen Räten einen Kredit von 80 Millionen Franken zur Verstärkung regionalpolitischer Massnahmen zu beantragen. Die Vorsteherinnen und Vorsteher der kantonalen Volkswirtschaftsdirektionen sind über den Aktionsplan informiert und werden für die Umsetzung die Hauptverantwortung tragen.

3. Die Pflicht zur Umsetzung der Verträge obliegt den Vertragsparteien. Falls ein im Tessin niedergelassener Wirtschaftsteilnehmer durch eine nicht korrekte Anwendung der bilateralen Abkommen seitens eines Mitgliedstaates der EU benachteiligt wird, müsste sich dieser direkt an jene Behörde wenden, welche das Abkommen nicht korrekt anwendet. Sollte ein solches Vorgehen keine Wirkung erzielen, könnten die Bundesbehörden eingeschaltet werden, damit diese auf der entsprechenden Ebene intervenieren.

Bei der vorgesehenen Schaffung eines Verkehrsobservatoriums oder bei den im Rahmen der flankierenden Massnahmen \"Freizügigkeit von Personen\" tätig werdenden tripartiten Kommissionen handelt es sich um Massnahmen, die weniger die Umsetzung der Vertragspflichten als vielmehr eine Beobachtung ihrer Wirkung auf die entsprechenden Marktsegmente bezwecken.

Über die möglichen Auswirkungen der Umsetzung der bilateralen Verträge auf die Arbeitsmärkte der Grenzregionen (beispielsweise Veränderung der Lohnstruktur und des Lohnniveaus sowie der Branchenstruktur aufgrund der Änderung der Qualifikationsstruktur der ausländischen Arbeitskräfte) besteht zurzeit noch eine Informationslücke. Die Einrichtung eines Arbeitsmarktobservatoriums und die Ausarbeitung eines regionalen Arbeitsmarktmodells auf Bundesebene zwecks \"monitoring\" der Beschäftigungs- und Lohnentwicklung wird gegenwärtig geprüft. Das Seco erarbeitet zurzeit ein Prüfsystem zur Überwachung der regionalen Arbeitsmärkte. Gestützt darauf wird es im Falle einer raschen Zunahme oder einer deutlich überdurchschnittlichen Arbeitslosigkeit den betroffenen Kantonen entsprechende Hinweise erteilen, so dass allenfalls geeignete Massnahmen eingeleitet werden können. Zudem scheint es sinnvoll, auch die Erfahrungen, welche mit den tripartiten Kommissionen gemacht werden, abzuwarten.

Im Rahmen der Revision des Arbeitslosenversicherungsgesetzes (Avig) hat das Eidgenössische Volkswirtschaftsdepartement ausserdem eine neue Vereinbarung mit den Kantonen über die Leistungserbringung der Regionalen Arbeitsvermittlungszentren (RAV) und die kantonalen Amtsstellen abgeschlossen. Es ist dabei vorgesehen, die Wirkungen der eingesetzten arbeitsmarktlichen Massnahmen laufend auf regionaler Ebene zu überwachen.

4. Es fehlen detaillierte Analysen zum strukturellen Anpassungsbedarf der verschiedenen Regionen und insbesondere der Grenzregionen in der Schweiz. Die \"International Benchmark Reports\" (1998 und 2000) untersuchen lediglich die regionale Leistungsfähigkeit und Attraktivität von Grossregionen.

Die beschäftigungspolitische Lage des Kantons Tessin erweist sich tatsächlich als ausserordentlich. Auch bezüglich der Arbeitslosigkeit besteht gestützt auf eine Analyse nach sechzehn Arbeitsmarktgebieten insbesondere im Sopraceneri eine besondere Lage. Es dürften dabei vorwiegend ältere Arbeitnehmer von Restrukturierungsmassnahmen betroffen sein. Das in der Antwort zu Frage 2 erwähnte Massnahmenpaket des Bundesrates vom 23. August 2000 wird den Kanton Tessin bei Projekten zur Stärkung der Wertschöpfungskraft subsidiär unterstützen. Ausserdem leisten die Swisscom, die SBB und die Post einen namhaften Beitrag zur Lösungsfindung für die betroffenen Mitarbeiter (Umschulungs- und Weiterbildungsmassnahmen, Unterstützung von Firmengründungen, externe und interne Stellenvermittlung).

Im Rahmen des Avig wird die Schaffung von Arbeitsplätzen im primären Arbeitsmarkt nicht direkt gefördert. Es unterstützt allerdings die strukturelle Anpassung mit Weiterbildungs- und vor allem Umschulungsmassnahmen sowie Ausbildungszuschüssen für Stellensuchende (etwa EDV-Kurse, Sprachkurse, Kurse im Gesundheitsbereich für einen eventuellen Einstieg in Dienstleistungen für die Stellensuchenden aus der Industrie). Es obliegt daher dem Kanton Tessin, die gemäss Avig vorgesehenen Massnahmen gezielt einzusetzen und wenn nötig zu intensivieren.

5. Gemäss Verkehrsverlagerungsgesetz (Art. 6) wird im Strassenverkehrsgesetz (SVG) ein Artikel 53a eingefügt. Dieser räumt dem Bund erstmals eine Verkehrslenkungskompetenz ein. Sie gestattet dem Bundesrat, zur Sicherstellung der Ziele des Verkehrsverlagerungsgesetzes und im Sinne eines sicheren und flüssigen Transitverkehrs durch die Alpen, Verkehrslenkungsmassnahmen für die schweren Motorwagen zum Gütertransport vorzusehen. Um diese Massnahmen zu konkretisieren, hat das UVEK das Projekt Velenk lanciert. Im Rahmen dieses Projektes sollen einerseits eine nationale Verkehrslenkzentrale errichtet und andererseits eine Liste mit vorbehaltenen Entschlüssen erarbeitet werden. In die Projektorganisation sind die Kantone einbezogen. In einer ersten Phase werden vor allem jene Situationen behandelt, bei denen der Verkehr zum Erliegen kommt (z. B. Sperrung des Gotthardtunnels). In einer späteren Phase sollen generell auch andere Stausituationen einbezogen werden.

Um die Wirksamkeit und die Effizienz der Verkehrslenkungsmassnahmen zu gewährleisten, beteiligt sich die Schweiz weiter an entsprechenden Projekten mit den benachbarten Staaten. Zurzeit sind Abklärungen im Gange, inwieweit Verkehrslenkungssysteme - oder Teile davon - mitfinanziert werden können, die zwecks besserer modaler Lenkung des Verkehrs in Richtung Schweiz im Ausland errichtet werden.

Mit dem Ausbau des Schienennetzes und dem Verlagerungspaket soll der Güterverkehr von der Strasse auf die Schiene verlagert und damit der Stauproblematik entgegengewirkt werden.

6. Der Monte-Ceneri-Basistunnel (CBT) ist Teil der zweiten Phase des Neat-Projektes. Seine Realisierung ist ab 2006 vorgesehen. Die Finanzierung ist innerhalb des neuen Neat-Gesamtkredites vom 8. Dezember 1999 gesichert. Zurzeit sind in diesem Gesamtpaket die Kredite der zweiten Phase noch gesperrt; das Parlament muss sie zu gegebener Zeit freigeben.

Die Planungs- und Projektierungsarbeiten kommen planmässig, entsprechend den Bundesbeschlüssen voran. Zurzeit befindet sich das Projekt des CBT im Hinblick auf den Entscheid über das Tunnelsystem (Doppelspur- oder zwei Einspurröhren) in Bearbeitung. Der Bundesrat wird voraussichtlich im Frühjahr 2001 darüber entscheiden.

Der Kanton Tessin, der Ersteller (Alptransit Gotthard AG) und die SBB AG streben an, den Termin für die Inbetriebsetzung des CBT jenem des Gotthard-Basistunnels (2012) anzunähern. Zu diesem Zweck sind Prüfungen der finanziellen und rechtlichen Konsequenzen in Bezug auf die geltenden Bundesbeschlüsse im Gang. Die laufenden Untersuchungen und Optimierungen - in die auch die Anliegen der Region einfliessen - sollen aufzeigen, in welchem Ausmass vorgezogene Arbeiten oder eine Verkürzung des Bauprogrammes möglich sind.

Betreffend die Weiterführung der Neat südlich von Lugano werden zurzeit die technischen Grundlagen für die Evaluation der vier zur Auswahl stehenden Varianten aufgearbeitet. Für den Bundesrat ist zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt noch offen, ob die Strecke dereinst über Chiasso-Como oder Varese geführt werden soll. Im Rahmen seiner Möglichkeiten strebt er jedoch eine bedürfnisgerechte Realisierung - entsprechend der Entwicklung der Nachfrage - an. Erste Gespräche mit dem italienischen Verkehrsministerium sind für den kommenden Herbst geplant.

Antwort des Bundesrates.",26189,"20003299_1","Titel des 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Widen the range.","loyalty_chart_alt","Beeswarm plot of the dissent rate of {count} members, one dot per member, coloured by party. {ctx}","loyalty_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their votes, dissents and dissent rate. {ctx}","loyalty_col_member","loyalty_col_party","loyalty_col_group","loyalty_col_ballots","loyalty_col_dissents","Against","loyalty_col_rate","Dissent","loyalty_from","loyalty_to","loyalty_scale","Scale","loyalty_scale_log","Log","loyalty_scale_linear","Linear","loyalty_filters","Filters","cohesion_title","Group cohesion","cohesion_hint","mean Agreement Index (1 = unanimous)","section_alignment","Voting alignment","no_alignment","Not enough shared votes to compare.","view_all_alignment","View full alignment","alignment_agreed_of_shared","agreed on {agreed} of {shared} shared votes","sort_agreement","Agreement","sort_shared","Shared votes","facet_min_shared","Min. shared","min_shared_10","≥ 10","min_shared_20","≥ 20","min_shared_50","≥ 50","min_shared_100","≥ 100","section_body_alignment","body_alignment_subtitle","How members of this chamber vote relative to one another, from the votes they have in common. In the map, members who vote alike sit close together and opponents far apart. Colours are parties, so blocs and coalitions show up as clusters. The grid gives the average agreement between each pair of parties (the diagonal is each party's own internal cohesion).","alignment_from","alignment_to","alignment_view","View","alignment_view_scatter","Map","alignment_view_heatmap","Party grid","alignment_empty","Not enough votes in this window to build the model.","alignment_window_note","Most meaningful within a single legislative period: the model compares members from the votes they have in common. If the window spans an election or a change in composition, members with different terms barely overlap and positions become less comparable.","alignment_no_parties","No party groups to compare in this window.","alignment_scatter_alt","Scatter plot of {count} members placed by how similarly they voted, coloured by party. {ctx}","alignment_pairs","pairs","alignment_heatmap_note","Each cell is the average agreement between members of the two parties (diagonal = a party's internal cohesion). ± is the 95% confidence range and n the number of member-pairs behind it. A small range over many pairs means the alignment is well-established; a wide range means it's only suggestive.","alignment_heatmap_alt","Grid of the average voting agreement between {count} parties. {ctx}","alignment_members_heading","Members","alignment_members_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their agreement with the chamber and with their own party. {ctx}","alignment_col_member","alignment_col_party","alignment_col_votes","alignment_col_chamber","Aligns with chamber","alignment_col_party_align","Within party","alignment_zoom_in","Zoom in","alignment_zoom_out","Zoom out","alignment_zoom_reset","Reset zoom","alignment_filters","section_lobby","Lobby network","lobby_subtitle","The organizations members of this chamber declare in their register of interests, and where those ties overlap. In the network, members are dots (coloured by party) and organizations shared by two or more members are squares. Members who share the same organizations pull together. The breakdown shows how many mandates are paid versus unpaid, and who holds the most.","lobby_empty","No declared interests for this chamber in this window.","lobby_no_shared","No organizations are shared by two or more members here. See the breakdown.","lobby_network_alt","Network graph of {members} members and the {orgs} organizations they share, linked by declared interests. {ctx}","lobby_mandates","mandates","lobby_members_tied","members","lobby_unknown","Unknown","lobby_org_node","Organization","lobby_payment_heading","Paid vs unpaid mandates","lobby_top_orgs","Most-shared organizations","lobby_top_members","Members by mandates","discussion_title","Speech profiles","discussion_intro","Where members sit on a latent axis derived purely from the words they use in their speeches (Wordfish scaling).","discussion_calculating","Scaling speeches…","lobby_calculating","Computing lobby network…","discussion_error","The speech scaling could not be computed.","discussion_converged","Model converged","discussion_not_converged","Model did not fully converge. Read positions with extra caution.","discussion_members_scored","Members scored","discussion_vocab","Vocabulary","discussion_window","Window","discussion_show_all","discussion_show_reliable","Reliable only","discussion_methodology","How this is computed","discussion_range_label","Time range","discussion_range_1y","1 year","discussion_range_2y","2 years","discussion_range_4y","4 years","discussion_range_8y","8 years","discussion_plot_alt","Beeswarm plot of {count} members placed along a word-choice axis, one dot per member. {ctx}","discussion_plot_caption","Each dot is one member, placed by the words they use in their speeches. Members who reach for the same distinctive words sit close together; members who talk very differently sit far apart. So a member's spot isn't assigned by us; it comes out of how they actually speak. For example, someone who keeps saying “tax”, “budget” and “spending” lands far from someone who mostly says “asylum”, “border” and “integration”. Hover any dot for its details. Filled dots have enough speech to place reliably; hollow rings spoke too little, so read their position with caution.","discussion_empty","No speeches are available for this parliament, so its members can't be placed on the axis. This scaling reads the words members actually speak, and the data set only holds speech transcripts for a few parliaments: the federal chambers and a handful of cantons such as Bern, Basel-Stadt or St. Gallen. You can also try a longer time range above.","discussion_empty_sparse","There is too little speech transcript text for this parliament to place its members on the axis. Try a longer time range above.","discussion_pole_a","One pole","discussion_pole_b","Other pole","discussion_col_party","discussion_key_filled","Enough text (reliable)","discussion_key_ring","Below the word floor (low confidence)","discussion_align_title","Does the axis track party?","discussion_align_hint","How much of the spread in positions is explained by party membership (η²): 100% = parties are perfectly separated, ~0% = party tells you nothing.","discussion_align_strong","parties are clearly separated","discussion_align_moderate","parties are partly separated","discussion_align_weak","party barely explains the axis","discussion_poles_title","What the axis is made of","discussion_poles_hint","The words that most pull members towards each pole. The axis only means something once you read these. Its direction is arbitrary.","discussion_no_party","No party","discussion_col_name","discussion_col_position","Position","discussion_col_words","Words","discussion_col_speeches","discussion_low_confidence","low confidence","discussion_table_title","discussion_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their position on the word-choice axis. {ctx}","discussion_read_title","How to read this","discussion_read_direction","The axis direction is arbitrary: Wordfish finds the split, not which side is “left” or “right”. Read the word poles to see what each side means.","discussion_read_uncertainty","Positions are standardized, so the spread is a convention, not a real distance. Wider error bars (and hollow dots) mean less certainty, so don't over-read those members.","discussion_read_confound","Speech style reflects role as much as ideology: committee chairs, ministers and frequent speakers can land at a pole because of what they do, not only what they believe.","organizations_title","organizations_none","No organizations.","org_members","org_mandates","org_bodies","org_members_heading","org_members_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their party, body, role, payment and period. {ctx}","org_no_members","No members.","org_col_member","org_col_party","org_col_body","org_col_role","org_col_payment","Payment","org_col_period","sort_members","sort_mandates","Mandates","interest_unknown","lobby_panel_person","Declared organizations","lobby_panel_org","Members with this mandate","lobby_table_heading","Who is tied to what","lobby_table_explain","The full matrix marks every member against every shared organization: one dot per declared tie, the exhaustive view of who is tied to what.","lobby_table_large","For this chamber that is","lobby_table_cells","cells","lobby_table_show","Show table","lobby_table_alt","Table marking each of {count} members against the {orgs} organizations they are tied to, one dot per declared tie. {ctx}","lobby_select_hint","Select a member or organization to see its ties.","lobby_filters","lobby_error","The lobby network could not be computed.","lobby_clear_selection","Clear selection","close","not_found_person","Person not found","not_found_body","Parliament not found","not_found_affair","Affair not found","not_found_group","Committee or group not found","not_found_voting","Voting not found","not_found_meeting","Meeting not found","not_found_interest","Interest not found","not_found_organization","Organization not found","not_found_text","Text not found","not_found_doc","Document not found","not_found_speech","Speech not found","not_found_hint","There is no entry with the ID {id}. It may have been removed, or the link may be outdated.","not_found_back","Back to the overview","about","About","faq","FAQ","section_title","section_title_bodies","section_title_affairs","section_title_votings","section_title_texts","section_title_docs","section_subtitle_search","section_subtitle_discussion",{"_1621":1622,"_1638":804,"_1639":1640,"_1641":1642,"_1643":991,"_1322":564,"_1296":364,"_78":568,"_1644":571,"_1627":374,"_1645":1646,"_1647":775,"_1429":324,"_74":334,"_1624":476,"_19":344,"_76":574,"_81":354,"_1648":1101,"_1649":1235,"_1650":1271,"_1651":1235,"_1652":1653,"_1654":1235,"_1655":1656,"_1657":564,"_1658":743,"_1659":1235,"_1660":1642,"_1661":568,"_1628":443,"_1662":1663,"_1234":1235,"_1664":681,"_1247":1235,"_72":579,"_1665":1457,"_1666":1314,"_1667":1352,"_1668":1646,"_1669":1441,"_1629":384,"_1670":1433,"_1671":1235},"section_switcher",{"_1619":1620,"_1621":1622,"_1623":324,"_70":520,"_74":334,"_1624":476,"_1625":410,"_1296":364,"_81":354,"_1626":344,"_1627":374,"_1628":443,"_1629":384,"_1630":1631,"_1632":1633,"_1634":1635,"_1636":1637},"section_title_speeches","section_title_groups","section_title_interests","section_title_meetings","section_title_organizations","label_section","Section","home","Home","people","affairs","groups","documents","interests","meetings","organizations","group_parliament","Actors","group_proceedings","Proceedings","group_records","Records","group_lobbying","Lobbying","search","eyebrow","Data on {{name}}","overview","Overview","personal_data","memberships","access_badges","Lobby","images","texts_overview","text_details","docs_overview","doc_details","votings_overview","Voting","voting_details","voting_diagram","Diagram","voting_tally","speeches_overview","speech_details","groups_overview","contributions","interests_overview","Interest","meetings_overview","vocabulary","loyalty","alignment","lobby","discussion","organizations_overview","org_details",{"_1729":1730,"_1731":1732,"_1673":1733,"_275":1734},"intro",{"_1675":1676,"_1677":1678,"_1679":1680,"_1681":1682,"_1683":1684,"_1685":1686,"_1687":1688},"en",{"_1689":1724,"_1691":1725,"_1693":1726,"_1695":1727,"_1697":1728},"de",{"_1689":1719,"_1691":1720,"_1693":1721,"_1695":1722,"_1697":1723},"fr",{"_1689":1714,"_1691":1715,"_1693":1716,"_1695":1717,"_1697":1718},"it",{"_1689":1709,"_1691":1710,"_1693":1711,"_1695":1712,"_1697":1713},"es",{"_1689":1704,"_1691":1705,"_1693":1706,"_1695":1707,"_1697":1708},"pt",{"_1689":1699,"_1691":1700,"_1693":1701,"_1695":1702,"_1697":1703},"rm",{"_1689":1690,"_1691":1692,"_1693":1694,"_1695":1696,"_1697":1698},"cookie","Nus duvrain mo cookies essenzials e funcziunals. Nagina analitica, nagin tracking.","dataLang","La Svizra ha quatter linguas naziunalas, e questas datas datti en pliras da quellas. Intgins records èn plurilings, auters mo en ina lingua. Vus pudais tscherner en tge lingua ch'il cuntegn vegn mussà; sche vossa tscherna n'è betg disponibla per in record, vegnan duvradas las autras linguas en in urden da prioritad fix. Quai è independent da la lingua da l'interfatscha. As lascha reglar sut Configuraziuns › Lingua dal cuntegn (sura a dretga).","alt","Questa pagina è era disponibla per rumantsch.","switch","Mussar per rumantsch","dismiss","Betg pli mussar","Utilizamos apenas cookies essenciais e funcionais. Sem análises, sem rastreio.","A Suíça tem quatro línguas nacionais, e estes dados existem em várias delas. Alguns registos estão em várias línguas, outros apenas numa. Pode escolher em que idioma os conteúdos são apresentados; quando a sua escolha não está disponível para um registo, as restantes línguas são usadas por uma ordem de prioridade fixa. Isto é independente do idioma da interface. Configure em Definições › Idioma dos conteúdos (canto superior direito).","Esta página também está disponível em português.","Ver em português","Não mostrar novamente","Solo utilizamos cookies esenciales y funcionales. Sin análisis, sin seguimiento.","Suiza tiene cuatro lenguas nacionales, y estos datos existen en varias de ellas. Algunos registros están en varias lenguas, otros en una sola. Puede elegir en qué idioma se muestra el contenido; cuando su elección no está disponible para un registro, se utilizan las demás lenguas en un orden de prioridad fijo. Esto es independiente del idioma de la interfaz. Configúrelo en Ajustes › Idioma del contenido (arriba a la derecha).","Esta página también está disponible en español.","Ver en español","No volver a mostrar","Utilizziamo solo cookie essenziali e funzionali. Nessuna analisi, nessun tracciamento.","La Svizzera ha quattro lingue nazionali e questi dati esistono in diverse di esse. Alcune voci sono in più lingue, altre in una sola. Puoi scegliere in quale lingua mostrare i contenuti; se la tua scelta non è disponibile per una voce, vengono usate le altre lingue secondo un ordine di priorità prestabilito. Questo è indipendente dalla lingua dell'interfaccia. Impostabile in Impostazioni › Lingua del contenuto (in alto a destra).","Questa pagina è disponibile anche in italiano.","Vedi in italiano","Non mostrare più","Nous utilisons uniquement des cookies essentiels et fonctionnels. Aucune analyse, aucun suivi.","La Suisse a quatre langues nationales, et ces données existent dans plusieurs d'entre elles. Certaines entrées sont en plusieurs langues, d'autres dans une seule. Vous pouvez choisir la langue d'affichage du contenu ; si votre choix n'est pas disponible pour une entrée, les autres langues sont utilisées selon un ordre de priorité défini. Ceci est indépendant de la langue de l'interface. Réglable dans Paramètres › Langue du contenu (en haut à droite).","Cette page est aussi disponible en français.","Voir en français","Ne plus afficher","Wir verwenden nur essenzielle, funktionale Cookies. Keine Analyse, kein Tracking.","Die Schweiz hat vier Landessprachen, und diese Daten liegen in mehreren davon vor. Manche Einträge sind mehrsprachig, andere nur in einer Sprache. Sie können wählen, in welcher Sprache die Inhalte angezeigt werden; ist Ihre Wahl für einen Eintrag nicht verfügbar, werden die übrigen Sprachen in einer festen Prioritätsreihenfolge verwendet. Dies ist unabhängig von der Oberflächensprache. Einstellbar unter Einstellungen › Inhaltssprache (oben rechts).","Diese Seite ist auch auf Deutsch verfügbar.","Auf Deutsch anzeigen","Nicht mehr anzeigen","We use only essential, functional cookies. No analytics, no tracking.","Switzerland has four national languages, and this data comes in several of them. Some records are in multiple languages, some in only one. You can choose which language the content is shown in; when your choice isn't available for a record, the remaining languages are used in a set priority order. This is independent of the interface language. Set it under Settings › Content language (top right).","This page is also available in English.","View in English","Don't show again","settings",{"_1797":1798,"_1799":1800,"_1801":1156,"_1802":1803,"_1804":1158,"_1805":1160,"_1806":1807,"_1808":1809,"_1810":1811,"_1812":1813,"_1814":1815,"_629":630,"_1816":1817,"_1818":1819,"_1820":1821,"_1822":1823,"_1824":1825},"nav",{"_1621":1743,"_1744":1745,"_1746":679,"_1747":1748,"_1749":1750,"_1630":1631,"_1632":1633,"_1634":1635,"_1636":1637,"_1623":324,"_70":520,"_1625":410,"_1624":476,"_74":334,"_1628":443,"_1296":364,"_81":354,"_1626":344,"_1627":374,"_1629":384,"_1751":1736,"_1752":1753,"_1599":1600,"_1754":1755,"_1601":1602,"_1756":1757,"_1758":1759,"_1760":1761,"_1762":1763,"_1764":1765,"_1766":1767,"_1768":1769,"_1770":1771,"_1772":1773,"_1774":1775,"_1776":1777,"_1778":1779,"_1780":1781,"_1782":1783,"_1784":1785,"_1786":1787,"_1788":1789,"_1790":1740,"_1791":1792,"_1793":1794,"_1795":1796},{"_1689":1724,"_1691":1725,"_1693":1726,"_1695":1727,"_1697":1728},{"_1735":1736,"_1737":1738,"_1739":1740,"_1741":1742},"project.title","Project","project.desc","About parlhub: what the portal is, answers to common questions, and how the data fits together.","experiments.title","Experiments","experiments.desc","Experimental analyses and methodology showcases on parlhub, including the Wordfish scaling of parliaments from their speeches.","parlhub home","skip_to_content","Skip to main content","explore","start","Start here","start_desc","Quicklinks to chambers, cantons and communes","project","project_desc","The project at a glance","about_desc","What parlhub is and who is behind it","faq_desc","Answers to common questions","sustainability","Sustainability","sustainability_desc","How parlhub is hosted and what it costs the planet","accessibility","Accessibility","accessibility_desc","What works, what doesn't, and how to report a barrier","traffic_stats","Traffic statistics","traffic_stats_desc","Which parts of the site get requested, and by whom","imprint","Imprint","imprint_desc","Who runs parlhub, contact, and the licenses","github","GitHub","github_desc","The project's source code on GitHub","data_guide","Data guide","data_guide_desc","Every kind of data, in plain terms, with examples","data_map","Data map","data_map_desc","How the data fits together, at a glance","methodology","Methodology","methodology_desc","How each figure is calculated, with links to the code","experiments","experiments_desc","Experimental analyses and methodology write-ups","wordfish","Wordfish scaling","wordfish_desc","Placing members on an axis by the words in their speeches","menu_label","Settings","appearance","Appearance","theme","theme_system","System","theme_light","theme_dark","font_size","Font size","font_size_decrease","Decrease font size","font_size_increase","Increase font size","high_contrast","High contrast","grayscale","Grayscale","interface_language","Interface","content_language","Content language","content_language_auto","Auto (follow interface)","content_language_note","Language of the displayed data (names, titles, texts). Independent of the interface; when a record isn't available, the next language is used.","content_language_priority","Priority",{"_1801":1827,"_1806":1828,"_1829":212,"_1830":198,"_1831":198,"_1832":212,"_1833":-5},"system",100,"show_cookie_consent_message","ui_high_contrast","ui_grayscale","msg_lang_hint","content_lang"]