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Auftrag

a) Der Stadtrat wird aufgefordert, seine Strategie des Kaufes und Verkaufes von Liegenschaften und Grundstücken zu erörtern.

b) Im Speziellen ist grafisch aufzuzeigen, welche Grundstücke und Liegenschaften in den letzten fünf Jahren veräussert worden sind und welche Grundstücke und Liegenschaften in den nächsten Jahren veräussert werden sollen.

c) Sind mit dem Verkauf von Grundstücken und Liegenschaften Auflagen im Sinne von städtebaulichen, sozialen und/oder ökologischen Aspekten verknüpft?

Die Interpellation ist vor dem nächsten Kauf oder Verkauf einer Liegenschaft oder eines Grundstückens zu beantworten.

Kurzbegründung

Einleitung

Im planerischen Leitbild der Stadt Olten aus dem Jahre 1999 kündigt die Stadt Olten eine aktive Liegenschaftspolitik an. In den letzten Jahren sind durch das Parlament verschiedene Objekte oder Grundstücke zum Verkauf bewilligt worden.

Um weitere Käufe oder Verkäufe bewilligen zu können fehlt bis anhin eine Gesamtsicht.

Ziel

Ziel einer Zusammenfassung ist es, Einsicht in die strategischen Überlegungen des Stadtrates zum Verkauf oder Verkauf von Liegenschaften und Grundstücken und deren Folgen für die Stadtentwicklung zu erhalten.

Stadträtin Silvia Forster beantwortet die Interpellation im Namen des Stadtrates wie folgt:

Zu a und c)
Der Stadtrat ist grundsätzlich der Auffassung, dass sich das Gemeinwesen von unnötigen, nicht zwingend im öffentlichen Interesse stehenden Aufgaben und den damit verbundenen Kostenaufwendungen entlasten muss. Dies insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Erfüllung wichtiger Aufgaben im Interesse unserer Stadtentwicklung, aber auch zur Entschuldung unseres Gemeinwesens. Eine Stärkung und Attraktivierung Oltens als regionales Wirtschafts- und Dienstleistungszentrum und als Wohnort erfordert von Seiten der öffentlichen Hand nachhaltige Investitionen in sämtlichen Bereichen wie z. B. Bildung, Sport, Kultur, Sicherheit, Soziales, Verkehr, Erschliessung neuer Baugebiete usw. Der Stadtrat und das Gemeindeparlament müssen bei den Investitionen klare Prioritäten setzen. Aus diesen
Gründen sind, wie auch im Finanz- und Dringlichkeitsplan vorgesehen, Veräusserungen von Liegenschaften - deren Bestand im übrigen historisch gewachsen ist und vielfach auf Zufälligkeiten beruht - unumgänglich, dies nicht zuletzt auch um die Instandhaltung derjenigen Liegenschaften finanzieren zu können, welche zur Erfüllung der im öffentlichen Interesse stehenden Aufgaben notwendig und geeignet sind.

Bei der Beurteilung, ob eine Liegenschaft veräussert werden soll, sind insbesondere nachfolgende Kriterien massgebend:

· Inwieweit dient eine Liegenschaft heute oder in Zukunft zur Erfüllung der im öffentlichen Interesse liegenden Bedürfnisse? Zusätzlich ist selbstverständlich auch zu prüfen, inwieweit die Gebäudestruktur und ihre damit verbundenen Nutzungsmöglichkeiten sich für die Erfüllung der öffentlichen Bedürfnisse eignet.
· Inwieweit ist die Lage einer Liegenschaft für die Stadtentwicklung im allgemeinen und im speziellen für die Realisierung künftiger öffentlicher Bauvorhaben von strategischer Bedeutung?
· Neben der Brutto- bzw. Nettorendite spielt auch der bauliche Zustand der Liegenschaft und der damit verbundene Sanierungsaufwand eine massgebende Rolle.

Wenn auf Grund der vorgenannten Kriterien und einer Liegenschaftenschätzung durch ein neutrales Büro sich der Stadtrat für die Veräusserung einer Liegenschaft entscheidet, so wird diese im Rahmen einer öffentlichen Ausschreibung angeboten. Den Zuschlag bekommt grundsätzlich der/diejenige Anbieter/in mit dem höchsten Preisangebot. Sicher können dabei auch soziale Aspekte einfliessen. Im weiteren setzt der Stadtrat – wo nötig – im Interesse der Stadtentwicklung und des Stadtbildes städtebauliche Rahmenbedingungen fest. So wurden und werden bei der Eingabe von Kaufangeboten auch Nutzungs- und Bebauungsvorschläge im Sinne von Projektstudien verlangt.

In diesem Zusammenhang ist auch zu erwähnen, dass vor der öffentlichen Ausschreibung einer Liegenschaft die Mieter/innen rechtzeitig informiert werden. Langjährigen Mietern/innen wird selbstverständlich im Sinne eines Vorkaufsrechts der Vorrang gegeben, wobei kein Vorkaufsrecht im Grundbuch eingetragen wird.

Bei Veräusserungen von Liegenschaften, welche mit einem Neubauvorhaben verbunden sind, stellt der Stadtrat – wo nötig und sinnvoll – angemessene städtebauliche Rahmenbedingungen fest. So wurden beispielsweise beim Verkauf der Liegenschaft Altmatt von den Kaufinteressenten neben der Eingabe ihres Kaufangebotes auch eine Projektstudie mit Nutzungsvorschlag verlangt. Damit konnte die städtebauliche Qualität des geplanten Neubaues beurteilt werden. Bei Liegenschaftsverkäufen verbunden mit Neubauvorhaben kann die sinnvolle Nutzung und die städtebauliche Qualität je nach Lage und Stellenwert im städtebaulichen Kontext wie folgt gesichert werden:

· Mit dem Kaufangebot wird für das Neubauvorhaben ein Nutzungsprogramm und eine Projektstudie verlangt. Dabei werden den Kaufinteressenten/innen neben den allgemeinen Verkaufsunterlagen entsprechende Rahmenbedingungen und Zielsetzungen abgegeben, welche vorgängig den zuständigen Kommissionen zur Stellungnahme unterbreitet werden.
· Die Stadt erarbeitet selber oder lässt durch ein oder mehrere private Architekturbüros Grundlagen zur Überbauung erarbeiten. Je nach Bedeutung und städtebaulichem Stellenwert der Liegenschaft beinhalten diese Unterlagen mögliche Überbauungsmuster, Projektstudien oder einen rechtsgültigen Gestaltungsplan. Die Erarbeitung und Genehmigung eines Gestaltungsplanes vor dem Verkauf einer Liegenschaft hat zwar den Vorteil, dass der Käufer eine verbindliche Rechtsgrundlage erhält. Anderseits besteht die Gefahr, dass der Gestaltungsplan nicht den Vorstellungen und Bedürfnissen des Käufers entspricht. Grundsätzlich ist festzuhalten, dass die Grundlagen bzw. Rahmenbedingungen eine grosse Flexibilität zulassen müssen, um den Bedürfnissen der Käuferschaft gerecht werden zu können. Ansonsten wird ein Verkauf erschwert oder gar verunmöglicht.
· Mit dem Verkauf wird die Gestaltungsplanpflicht verbunden. Die städtebaulichen Anforderungen werden verbal umschrieben und gelten als verbindliche Kriterien für die Beurteilung der städtebaulichen Qualität des Gestaltungsplanes. Diese Rahmenbedingungen werden mit den zuständigen Kommissionen – insbesondere mit der Baukommission – erarbeitet.
· Eine weitere Möglichkeit besteht darin, von der Käuferschaft ein bestimmtes Verfahren zu verlangen, welches eine gute städtebauliche Lösung aufzeigt. Dies kann z. B. im Rahmen eines eingeladenen Wettbewerbes oder einer Testplanung durch zwei oder drei Architekturbüros erfolgen. Dabei geht es nicht um ausgereifte Projekte, sondern um städtebauliche Grundsätze der zukünftigen Überbauung. Bei einem solchen Verfahren, welches in einer kooperativen Zusammenarbeit geschieht, muss sich die Stadt entsprechend dem öffentlichen Interesse an den Kosten beteiligen.

Zusammenfassend kann festgehalten werden, dass der Stadtrat künftig im Rahmen von Liegenschaftenverkäufe verbunden mit Neubauvorhaben noch verstärkt Rahmenbedingungen zur Sicherung der städtebaulichen Qualität festlegt. Dabei gibt es keine allgemein gültigen Rezepte. Die zweckmässigen Instrumente und Verfahren müssen in Zusammenarbeit mit den zuständigen Kommissionen und allenfalls in Absprache mit der Käuferschaft erarbeitet und festgelegt werden. Die Rahmenbedingungen und Auflagen von Seiten der Stadt dürfen dabei den Gestaltungsspielraum der Investoren nicht unverhältnismässig einschränken. Nur ein kooperatives Vorgehen wird zu guten Lösungen führen.

Soziale Aspekte berücksichtigt der Stadtrat ebenfalls. So werden soziale Einrichtungen, welche öffentliche Interessen verfolgen, bevorzugt. In solchen Fällen kann allenfalls auf öffentliche Ausschreibungen verzichtet werden. Solche Verhandlungen wurden bereits, beispielsweise mit den Verantwortlichen für das Konzept «4 Tannen», geführt (Projekt für Wohn- und Tagesplätze mit Pflegeassistenz für jüngere Menschen).

Die ökologischen Aspekte werden grundsätzlich durch die Planungs- und Bauvorschriften abgedeckt. Die Notwendigkeit von zusätzlichen Auflagen müssen im konkreten Fall abgeklärt werden, so z. B. Anzahl Parkplätze, Heizungssystem usw. In diesem Zusammenhang ist auch zu erwähnen, dass der Stadtrat mit Beschluss vom 8. Dezember 2003 im Rahmen des Projektes «Energiestadt» beim Verkauf von gemeindeeigenen Grundstücken energierelevante Bestimmungen in die privatrechtlichen Verträge mit aufgenommen werden.

Bei der Beurteilung, ob eine Liegenschaft gekauft werden soll, sind insbesondere nachfolgende Kriterien massgebend:

Die zur Erfüllung zukünftiger öffentlicher Aufgaben erforderlichen Landreserven werden grundsätzlich mit dem Zonenplan mittels Ausscheidung von Zonen für öffentliche Bauten und Anlagen gesichert.

Weitere Liegenschaftenkäufe werden nur dann in Erwägung gezogen, wenn diese für die Erfüllung notwendiger öffentlicher Aufgaben erforderlich sind und der Kaufpreis angemessen ist und/oder wenn damit stadteigene Grundstücke sinnvoll arrondiert und damit aufgewertet werden können. Eine solche Arrondierung ermöglicht bessere Nutzungs- und Überbauungsmöglichkeiten und kann den Landwert bei einem späteren Verkauf erhöhen.

Im Sinne dieser Darlegungen wird der Stadtrat Richtlinien für das strategische Vorgehen bei Liegenschaftsverkäufen und -käufen erlassen.

Zu b)
In den letzten fünf Jahren wurden entsprechend folgende Liegenschaften veräussert:

1. 03.12.1999

GB Olten Nr. 1035
Wohn- und Geschäftshaus mit Garage
Römerstrasse 4 / 4a
Kaufspartei: Steiner-Urfer Doris, Lostorf
Preis: Fr. 480'000.00

2. 27.11.2000

GB Olten Nr. 3250
Wohnhaus und Nebengebäude
Schürmattweg 26 / 26a
Kaufspartei: Krähenbühl Therese, Olten
Preis: Fr. 440'000.00

3. 23.03.2001

GB Olten Nr. 3208
Wohnhaus
Schürmattweg 38
Kaufspartei: Melettukunnel Joseph und Leelamma, Olten zu je 1/2 Miteigentum
Preis Fr. 460'000.00

4. 26.04.2002

GB Olten Nr. 459
Salzhüsligarten
Kaufspartei: Jäggi Walter sel. und Jäggi Hans Dieter, Olten zu je 1/2 Miteigentum
Preis: Fr. 480.00

5. 31.01.2003

GB Olten Nr. 266
Altmattweg 27, 31, 47, 53 und 5
Kaufspartei: Santherm AG, Olten
Preis: 1'500'000.00

6. 03.12.2003

Teilparzelle ab GB Olten Nr. 681
Aarauerstrasse
Kaufspartei: Birchmeier Urs, Olten
Preis: Fr. 24'750.00

Die Veräusserung folgender Liegenschaften steht zur Diskussion:

7. Wohn- und Gewerbehaus von Rollstrasse 15 / 17

Gestehungswert (1990) Fr. 881'380.00
Buchwert per 31.12.2002 Fr. 712'465.00
Verkehrswert gemäss Gutachten vom 24.05.2000 Fr. 610'000.00

8. Reihenmittelhaus Krummackerweg 12

Gestehungswert (1992) Fr. 702'080.00
Buchwert per 31.12.2002 Fr. 615'298.00
Verkehrswert gemäss Gutachten vom 23.05.2000 Fr. 650'000.00

9. Rest. Biergarten, Baslerstrasse 63

Gestehungswert (1980) Fr. 1'231'635.55
Buchwert per 31.12.2002 Fr. 662'400.00
Letztes Kaufangebot (inzwischen zurückgezogen) Fr. 710'000.00 *
* Vertragskosten/Handänderungssteuer z. L. Käuferschaft

10. Wohn- und Geschäftshaus Baslerstrasse 57

Gestehungswert (1972) Fr. 900'000.00
Buchwert per 31.12.2002 Fr. 623'484.00
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members…","controls_search_placeholder_memberships","Search memberships…","controls_search_placeholder_interests","Search interests…","controls_search_placeholder_organizations","Search organizations…","controls_search_placeholder_votes","Search votes…","controls_search_placeholder_access_badges","Search access badges…","controls_search_placeholder_contributors","Search contributions…","controls_search_placeholder_speeches","Search speeches…","controls_search_hint_people","Searches names, place and postcode.","controls_search_hint_groups","Searches name, abbreviation and description.","controls_search_placeholder_groups","Search committees & groups…","controls_search_hint_organizations","Searches the organization name.","controls_search_hint_agendas","Searches title, description, number and category.","controls_search_placeholder_agendas","Search agenda items…","controls_search_hint_alignment","Searches the name of the compared member.","controls_search_hint_memberships","Searches group/body name, function and membership type.","controls_search_hint_interests","Searches organisation name, function and parliamentary group.","controls_search_hint_votes","Searches the voting title and the affair title.","controls_search_hint_access_badges","Searches guests' name and organisation.","controls_search_hint_contributors","Searches the affair title.","controls_search_hint_speeches","Searches the speech text.","controls_sort_status","Sorted by {field}, {direction}","sort_affair_date","Affair date","sort_role","Role","sort_affair_type","Affair type","sort_affair_number","Affair number","sort_valid_from","Valid from","sort_valid_to","Valid until","sort_version","facet_latest","Latest","gender_f","Female","gender_m","Male","gender_d","Diverse","lang_de","German","lang_fr","French","lang_it","Italian","lang_rm","Romansh","lang_en","English","lang_es","Spanish","bodies_title","affairs_title","no_bodies","No institutions found.","facet_has_parliament","With parliament","sort_canton","Canton","sort_position","Order","sort_population","Population","controls_search_placeholder_bodies","Search institutions…","controls_search_hint_bodies","Searches name, canton and key.","body_population","Residents","body_seats","Seats","controls_no_results","No matches for your search.","controls_filter_search","controls_loading","Loading results…","body_section_profile","Profile","body_has_parliament","Has parliament","body_languages","Languages","body_seats_legislative","Seats (legislative)","body_executive","Executive","body_seats_executive","Seats (executive)","body_consultations","Consultations","body_elections_votings","Elections & votings","body_flag","Flag","body_key_label","Body key","body_source_lang","Source language","body_people_directory_title","All people of this institution","body_composition_title","Current composition","body_chambers_title","Chambers","body_votings_title","no_votings","No recorded votings.","controls_search_placeholder_votings","Search votings…","controls_search_hint_votings","body_affairs_title","no_affairs","No recorded affairs.","affair_untitled","Untitled affair","affair_long_title","Full title","affair_number","Number","affair_official_record","affair_external_id","External ID","affair_agenda_section","Agenda items","controls_search_placeholder_affairs","Search affairs…","controls_search_hint_affairs","Searches affair title and affair number.","sort_affair_title","facet_state","State","view_all_votings","View all votings","view_all_affairs","View all affairs","external_link","External link","docs_title","docs_loading","Searching documents…","section_docs","no_docs","No documents.","view_all_docs","View all documents","controls_search_placeholder_docs","Search documents…","controls_search_hint_docs","Searches name and category.","facet_category","Category","facet_format","Format","facet_lang","facet_case","Case sensitive","facet_word","Whole word","facet_match_on","facet_match_off","section_events","no_events","No recorded events.","view_all_events","View full timeline","controls_search_placeholder_events","Search events…","controls_search_hint_events","Searches title, actor and details.","facet_actor_type","Actor type","event_untitled","Event","texts_title","texts_loading","Searching texts…","section_texts","no_texts","No texts.","view_all_texts","View all texts","controls_search_placeholder_texts","Search texts…","controls_search_hint_texts","Searches type and body text.","sort_type","text_untitled","Text","facet_position_country","facet_position_canton","facet_position_city","City","facet_position_commune","Commune","facet_position_other","Other","votings_title","voting_result_section","voting_decision","Decision","voting_meaning_yes","A yes means","voting_meaning_no","A no means","voting_affair","voting_chart_title","How they voted","voting_chart_alt","Seat map of {count} members, coloured by {mode}. {summary}","voting_table_alt","Table of how {count} members voted, one row per member, with their party and parliamentary group.","chart_export","chart_export_title","Export chart","chart_export_failed","Export failed.","chart_exporting","Exporting…","chart_download","Download","chart_close","chart_fullscreen","Fullscreen","chart_title","chart_title_ph","Optional title","chart_subtitle","Subtitle","chart_subtitle_ph","Optional subtitle","chart_colors","Colours & labels","chart_color_for","Colour for","chart_label_for","Label for","chart_reset","chart_order","chart_output","Output","chart_format","chart_theme","Theme","chart_theme_light","Light","chart_theme_dark","Dark","chart_size","Size","chart_options","Options","chart_show_legend","Show legend","chart_transparent","Transparent background","chart_interactive","Interactive","chart_credits","Credit","voting_chart_no_votes","No votes recorded.","voting_chart_seats","seats","voting_chart_no_seatmap","No seat data available.","voting_chart_col_person","Person","voting_chart_col_party","voting_chart_col_group","voting_chart_col_vote","voting_chart_by_party","Vote by party","voting_chart_by_party_seats","Seats by party","voting_chart_colour_by","Colour seats by","voting_chart_majority","Majority","voting_chart_edit","Edit & export","voting_chart_seat_note","Seat positions are illustrative, not the real chamber layout. Open the editor to rearrange the colours, labels and order, and export.","speeches_title","speeches_loading","Searching speeches…","speech_person","Speaker","speech_body","Institution","speech_affair","speech_meeting","groups_title","no_groups","No groups found.","group_untitled","Untitled group","section_meetings","no_meetings","No recorded meetings.","view_all_meetings","View all meetings","meetings_title","meeting_untitled","meeting_upcoming","Upcoming","facet_time","When","facet_upcoming","facet_past","Past","group_abbreviation","Abbreviation","group_description","Description","group_official_record","Official page","group_contact","member_unknown","section_votings","interests_title","interest_details","Details","interest_person","Declared by","interest_body","Granting body","interest_role","interest_type","interest_group","interest_place","Place","interest_period","Period","meeting_details","meeting_type","meeting_state","meeting_number","meeting_location","Location","meeting_period","meeting_group","meeting_body","group_type","description","controls_search_placeholder_meetings","Search meetings …","controls_search_hint_meetings","Name, location or description","section_agendas","no_agendas","No agenda items.","view_all_agendas","View all agenda items","agenda_untitled","speech_speaker_unknown","video","doc_untitled","Document","doc_body","doc_affair","doc_meeting","doc_agenda","section_contributors","Contributors","no_contributors","No contributors.","view_all_contributors","View all contributors","sort_number","topics_title","Most-used words","topics_intro","The words this person uses most across their speeches, with common filler words removed. Tile size shows how often a word is used.","topics_all_time","All time","topics_last_4y","Last 4 years","topics_last_8y","Last 8 years","topics_from","topics_to","topics_speeches","speeches","topics_words","words (filtered)","topics_distinct","distinct words","topics_uses","uses","topics_alt","Treemap of the {count} most-used words, sized by how often each is used. {ctx}","topics_table_alt","Table of the {count} most-used words and how often each is used. {ctx}","topics_table_toggle","Show as table","topics_table_word","Word","topics_empty","No speeches with usable text in this period. Try widening the range.","loyalty_title","Party loyalty","loyalty_subtitle","Share of a member's votes cast against their group's majority line (higher = more independent). Abstentions count as a position.","loyalty_axis","Dissent rate: share of votes against own group","loyalty_dissent","dissent","loyalty_ballots","votes","loyalty_empty","No votes in this period meet the thresholds for a loyalty score. Widen the range.","loyalty_chart_alt","Beeswarm plot of the dissent rate of {count} members, one dot per member, coloured by party. {ctx}","loyalty_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their votes, dissents and dissent rate. {ctx}","loyalty_col_member","loyalty_col_party","loyalty_col_group","loyalty_col_ballots","loyalty_col_dissents","Against","loyalty_col_rate","Dissent","loyalty_from","loyalty_to","loyalty_scale","Scale","loyalty_scale_log","Log","loyalty_scale_linear","Linear","loyalty_filters","Filters","cohesion_title","Group cohesion","cohesion_hint","mean Agreement Index (1 = unanimous)","section_alignment","Voting alignment","no_alignment","Not enough shared votes to compare.","view_all_alignment","View full alignment","alignment_agreed_of_shared","agreed on {agreed} of {shared} shared votes","sort_agreement","Agreement","sort_shared","Shared votes","facet_min_shared","Min. shared","min_shared_10","≥ 10","min_shared_20","≥ 20","min_shared_50","≥ 50","min_shared_100","≥ 100","section_body_alignment","body_alignment_subtitle","How members of this chamber vote relative to one another, from the votes they have in common. In the map, members who vote alike sit close together and opponents far apart. Colours are parties, so blocs and coalitions show up as clusters. The grid gives the average agreement between each pair of parties (the diagonal is each party's own internal cohesion).","alignment_from","alignment_to","alignment_view","View","alignment_view_scatter","Map","alignment_view_heatmap","Party grid","alignment_empty","Not enough votes in this window to build the model.","alignment_window_note","Most meaningful within a single legislative period: the model compares members from the votes they have in common. If the window spans an election or a change in composition, members with different terms barely overlap and positions become less comparable.","alignment_no_parties","No party groups to compare in this window.","alignment_scatter_alt","Scatter plot of {count} members placed by how similarly they voted, coloured by party. {ctx}","alignment_pairs","pairs","alignment_heatmap_note","Each cell is the average agreement between members of the two parties (diagonal = a party's internal cohesion). ± is the 95% confidence range and n the number of member-pairs behind it. A small range over many pairs means the alignment is well-established; a wide range means it's only suggestive.","alignment_heatmap_alt","Grid of the average voting agreement between {count} parties. {ctx}","alignment_members_heading","Members","alignment_members_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their agreement with the chamber and with their own party. {ctx}","alignment_col_member","alignment_col_party","alignment_col_votes","alignment_col_chamber","Aligns with chamber","alignment_col_party_align","Within party","alignment_zoom_in","Zoom in","alignment_zoom_out","Zoom out","alignment_zoom_reset","Reset zoom","alignment_filters","section_lobby","Lobby network","lobby_subtitle","The organizations members of this chamber declare in their register of interests, and where those ties overlap. In the network, members are dots (coloured by party) and organizations shared by two or more members are squares. Members who share the same organizations pull together. The breakdown shows how many mandates are paid versus unpaid, and who holds the most.","lobby_empty","No declared interests for this chamber in this window.","lobby_no_shared","No organizations are shared by two or more members here. See the breakdown.","lobby_network_alt","Network graph of {members} members and the {orgs} organizations they share, linked by declared interests. {ctx}","lobby_mandates","mandates","lobby_members_tied","members","lobby_unknown","Unknown","lobby_org_node","Organization","lobby_payment_heading","Paid vs unpaid mandates","lobby_top_orgs","Most-shared organizations","lobby_top_members","Members by mandates","discussion_title","Speech profiles","discussion_intro","Where members sit on a latent axis derived purely from the words they use in their speeches (Wordfish scaling).","discussion_calculating","Scaling speeches…","lobby_calculating","Computing lobby network…","discussion_error","The speech scaling could not be computed.","discussion_converged","Model converged","discussion_not_converged","Model did not fully converge. Read positions with extra caution.","discussion_members_scored","Members scored","discussion_vocab","Vocabulary","discussion_window","Window","discussion_show_all","discussion_show_reliable","Reliable only","discussion_methodology","How this is computed","discussion_range_label","Time range","discussion_range_1y","1 year","discussion_range_2y","2 years","discussion_range_4y","4 years","discussion_range_8y","8 years","discussion_plot_alt","Beeswarm plot of {count} members placed along a word-choice axis, one dot per member. {ctx}","discussion_plot_caption","Each dot is one member, placed by the words they use in their speeches. Members who reach for the same distinctive words sit close together; members who talk very differently sit far apart. So a member's spot isn't assigned by us; it comes out of how they actually speak. For example, someone who keeps saying “tax”, “budget” and “spending” lands far from someone who mostly says “asylum”, “border” and “integration”. Hover any dot for its details. Filled dots have enough speech to place reliably; hollow rings spoke too little, so read their position with caution.","discussion_empty","No speeches are available for this parliament, so its members can't be placed on the axis. This scaling reads the words members actually speak, and the data set only holds speech transcripts for a few parliaments: the federal chambers and a handful of cantons such as Bern, Basel-Stadt or St. Gallen. You can also try a longer time range above.","discussion_empty_sparse","There is too little speech transcript text for this parliament to place its members on the axis. Try a longer time range above.","discussion_pole_a","One pole","discussion_pole_b","Other pole","discussion_col_party","discussion_key_filled","Enough text (reliable)","discussion_key_ring","Below the word floor (low confidence)","discussion_align_title","Does the axis track party?","discussion_align_hint","How much of the spread in positions is explained by party membership (η²): 100% = parties are perfectly separated, ~0% = party tells you nothing.","discussion_align_strong","parties are clearly separated","discussion_align_moderate","parties are partly separated","discussion_align_weak","party barely explains the axis","discussion_poles_title","What the axis is made of","discussion_poles_hint","The words that most pull members towards each pole. The axis only means something once you read these. Its direction is arbitrary.","discussion_no_party","No party","discussion_col_name","discussion_col_position","Position","discussion_col_words","Words","discussion_col_speeches","discussion_low_confidence","low confidence","discussion_table_title","discussion_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their position on the word-choice axis. {ctx}","discussion_read_title","How to read this","discussion_read_direction","The axis direction is arbitrary: Wordfish finds the split, not which side is “left” or “right”. Read the word poles to see what each side means.","discussion_read_uncertainty","Positions are standardized, so the spread is a convention, not a real distance. Wider error bars (and hollow dots) mean less certainty, so don't over-read those members.","discussion_read_confound","Speech style reflects role as much as ideology: committee chairs, ministers and frequent speakers can land at a pole because of what they do, not only what they believe.","organizations_title","organizations_none","No organizations.","org_members","org_mandates","org_bodies","org_members_heading","org_members_table_alt","Table of {count} members with their party, body, role, payment and period. {ctx}","org_no_members","No members.","org_col_member","org_col_party","org_col_body","org_col_role","org_col_payment","Payment","org_col_period","sort_members","sort_mandates","Mandates","interest_unknown","lobby_panel_person","Declared organizations","lobby_panel_org","Members with this mandate","lobby_table_heading","Who is tied to what","lobby_table_explain","The full matrix marks every member against every shared organization: one dot per declared tie, the exhaustive view of who is tied to what.","lobby_table_large","For this chamber that is","lobby_table_cells","cells","lobby_table_show","Show table","lobby_table_alt","Table marking each of {count} members against the {orgs} organizations they are tied to, one dot per declared tie. {ctx}","lobby_select_hint","Select a member or organization to see its ties.","lobby_filters","lobby_error","The lobby network could not be computed.","lobby_clear_selection","Clear selection","close","not_found_person","Person not found","not_found_body","Parliament not found","not_found_affair","Affair not found","not_found_group","Committee or group not found","not_found_voting","Voting not found","not_found_meeting","Meeting not found","not_found_interest","Interest not found","not_found_organization","Organization not found","not_found_text","Text not found","not_found_doc","Document not found","not_found_speech","Speech not found","not_found_hint","There is no entry with the ID {id}. It may have been removed, or the link may be outdated.","not_found_back","Back to the overview","about","About","faq","FAQ","section_title","section_title_bodies","section_title_affairs","section_title_votings","section_title_texts","section_title_docs","section_subtitle_search","section_subtitle_discussion",{"_1571":1572,"_1588":754,"_1589":1590,"_1591":1592,"_1593":941,"_1272":515,"_1246":315,"_104":519,"_1594":522,"_1577":325,"_1595":1596,"_1597":725,"_1379":275,"_101":285,"_1574":427,"_106":295,"_19":525,"_108":305,"_1598":1051,"_1599":1185,"_1600":1221,"_1601":1185,"_1602":1603,"_1604":1185,"_1605":1606,"_1607":515,"_1608":693,"_1609":1185,"_1610":1592,"_1611":519,"_1578":394,"_1612":1613,"_1184":1185,"_1614":631,"_1197":1185,"_99":530,"_1615":1407,"_1616":1264,"_1617":1302,"_1618":1596,"_1619":1391,"_1579":335,"_1620":1383,"_1621":1185},"section_switcher",{"_1569":1570,"_1571":1572,"_1573":275,"_97":471,"_101":285,"_1574":427,"_1575":361,"_1246":315,"_108":305,"_1576":295,"_1577":325,"_1578":394,"_1579":335,"_1580":1581,"_1582":1583,"_1584":1585,"_1586":1587},"section_title_speeches","section_title_groups","section_title_interests","section_title_meetings","section_title_organizations","label_section","Section","home","Home","people","affairs","groups","documents","interests","meetings","organizations","group_parliament","Actors","group_proceedings","Proceedings","group_records","Records","group_lobbying","Lobbying","search","eyebrow","Data on {{name}}","overview","Overview","personal_data","memberships","access_badges","Lobby","images","texts_overview","text_details","docs_overview","doc_details","votings_overview","Voting","voting_details","voting_diagram","Diagram","voting_tally","speeches_overview","speech_details","groups_overview","contributions","interests_overview","Interest","meetings_overview","vocabulary","loyalty","alignment","lobby","discussion","organizations_overview","org_details",{"_1679":1680,"_1681":1682,"_1623":1683,"_226":1684},"intro",{"_1625":1626,"_1627":1628,"_1629":1630,"_1631":1632,"_1633":1634,"_1635":1636,"_1637":1638},"en",{"_1639":1674,"_1641":1675,"_1643":1676,"_1645":1677,"_1647":1678},"de",{"_1639":1669,"_1641":1670,"_1643":1671,"_1645":1672,"_1647":1673},"fr",{"_1639":1664,"_1641":1665,"_1643":1666,"_1645":1667,"_1647":1668},"it",{"_1639":1659,"_1641":1660,"_1643":1661,"_1645":1662,"_1647":1663},"es",{"_1639":1654,"_1641":1655,"_1643":1656,"_1645":1657,"_1647":1658},"pt",{"_1639":1649,"_1641":1650,"_1643":1651,"_1645":1652,"_1647":1653},"rm",{"_1639":1640,"_1641":1642,"_1643":1644,"_1645":1646,"_1647":1648},"cookie","Nus duvrain mo cookies essenzials e funcziunals. Nagina analitica, nagin tracking.","dataLang","La Svizra ha quatter linguas naziunalas, e questas datas datti en pliras da quellas. Intgins records èn plurilings, auters mo en ina lingua. Vus pudais tscherner en tge lingua ch'il cuntegn vegn mussà; sche vossa tscherna n'è betg disponibla per in record, vegnan duvradas las autras linguas en in urden da prioritad fix. Quai è independent da la lingua da l'interfatscha. As lascha reglar sut Configuraziuns › Lingua dal cuntegn (sura a dretga).","alt","Questa pagina è era disponibla per rumantsch.","switch","Mussar per rumantsch","dismiss","Betg pli mussar","Utilizamos apenas cookies essenciais e funcionais. Sem análises, sem rastreio.","A Suíça tem quatro línguas nacionais, e estes dados existem em várias delas. Alguns registos estão em várias línguas, outros apenas numa. Pode escolher em que idioma os conteúdos são apresentados; quando a sua escolha não está disponível para um registo, as restantes línguas são usadas por uma ordem de prioridade fixa. Isto é independente do idioma da interface. Configure em Definições › Idioma dos conteúdos (canto superior direito).","Esta página também está disponível em português.","Ver em português","Não mostrar novamente","Solo utilizamos cookies esenciales y funcionales. Sin análisis, sin seguimiento.","Suiza tiene cuatro lenguas nacionales, y estos datos existen en varias de ellas. Algunos registros están en varias lenguas, otros en una sola. Puede elegir en qué idioma se muestra el contenido; cuando su elección no está disponible para un registro, se utilizan las demás lenguas en un orden de prioridad fijo. Esto es independiente del idioma de la interfaz. Configúrelo en Ajustes › Idioma del contenido (arriba a la derecha).","Esta página también está disponible en español.","Ver en español","No volver a mostrar","Utilizziamo solo cookie essenziali e funzionali. Nessuna analisi, nessun tracciamento.","La Svizzera ha quattro lingue nazionali e questi dati esistono in diverse di esse. Alcune voci sono in più lingue, altre in una sola. Puoi scegliere in quale lingua mostrare i contenuti; se la tua scelta non è disponibile per una voce, vengono usate le altre lingue secondo un ordine di priorità prestabilito. Questo è indipendente dalla lingua dell'interfaccia. Impostabile in Impostazioni › Lingua del contenuto (in alto a destra).","Questa pagina è disponibile anche in italiano.","Vedi in italiano","Non mostrare più","Nous utilisons uniquement des cookies essentiels et fonctionnels. Aucune analyse, aucun suivi.","La Suisse a quatre langues nationales, et ces données existent dans plusieurs d'entre elles. Certaines entrées sont en plusieurs langues, d'autres dans une seule. Vous pouvez choisir la langue d'affichage du contenu ; si votre choix n'est pas disponible pour une entrée, les autres langues sont utilisées selon un ordre de priorité défini. Ceci est indépendant de la langue de l'interface. Réglable dans Paramètres › Langue du contenu (en haut à droite).","Cette page est aussi disponible en français.","Voir en français","Ne plus afficher","Wir verwenden nur essenzielle, funktionale Cookies. Keine Analyse, kein Tracking.","Die Schweiz hat vier Landessprachen, und diese Daten liegen in mehreren davon vor. Manche Einträge sind mehrsprachig, andere nur in einer Sprache. Sie können wählen, in welcher Sprache die Inhalte angezeigt werden; ist Ihre Wahl für einen Eintrag nicht verfügbar, werden die übrigen Sprachen in einer festen Prioritätsreihenfolge verwendet. Dies ist unabhängig von der Oberflächensprache. Einstellbar unter Einstellungen › Inhaltssprache (oben rechts).","Diese Seite ist auch auf Deutsch verfügbar.","Auf Deutsch anzeigen","Nicht mehr anzeigen","We use only essential, functional cookies. No analytics, no tracking.","Switzerland has four national languages, and this data comes in several of them. Some records are in multiple languages, some in only one. You can choose which language the content is shown in; when your choice isn't available for a record, the remaining languages are used in a set priority order. This is independent of the interface language. Set it under Settings › Content language (top right).","This page is also available in English.","View in English","Don't show again","settings",{"_1747":1748,"_1749":1750,"_1751":1106,"_1752":1753,"_1754":1108,"_1755":1110,"_1756":1757,"_1758":1759,"_1760":1761,"_1762":1763,"_1764":1765,"_580":581,"_1766":1767,"_1768":1769,"_1770":1771,"_1772":1773,"_1774":1775},"nav",{"_1571":1693,"_1694":1695,"_1696":630,"_1697":1698,"_1699":1700,"_1580":1581,"_1582":1583,"_1584":1585,"_1586":1587,"_1573":275,"_97":471,"_1575":361,"_1574":427,"_101":285,"_1578":394,"_1246":315,"_108":305,"_1576":295,"_1577":325,"_1579":335,"_1701":1686,"_1702":1703,"_1549":1550,"_1704":1705,"_1551":1552,"_1706":1707,"_1708":1709,"_1710":1711,"_1712":1713,"_1714":1715,"_1716":1717,"_1718":1719,"_1720":1721,"_1722":1723,"_1724":1725,"_1726":1727,"_1728":1729,"_1730":1731,"_1732":1733,"_1734":1735,"_1736":1737,"_1738":1739,"_1740":1690,"_1741":1742,"_1743":1744,"_1745":1746},{"_1639":1674,"_1641":1675,"_1643":1676,"_1645":1677,"_1647":1678},{"_1685":1686,"_1687":1688,"_1689":1690,"_1691":1692},"project.title","Project","project.desc","About parlhub: what the portal is, answers to common questions, and how the data fits together.","experiments.title","Experiments","experiments.desc","Experimental analyses and methodology showcases on parlhub, including the Wordfish scaling of parliaments from their speeches.","parlhub home","skip_to_content","Skip to main content","explore","start","Start here","start_desc","Quicklinks to chambers, cantons and communes","project","project_desc","The project at a glance","about_desc","What parlhub is and who is behind it","faq_desc","Answers to common questions","sustainability","Sustainability","sustainability_desc","How parlhub is hosted and what it costs the planet","accessibility","Accessibility","accessibility_desc","What works, what doesn't, and how to report a barrier","traffic_stats","Traffic statistics","traffic_stats_desc","Which parts of the site get requested, and by whom","imprint","Imprint","imprint_desc","Who runs parlhub, contact, and the licenses","github","GitHub","github_desc","The project's source code on GitHub","data_guide","Data guide","data_guide_desc","Every kind of data, in plain terms, with examples","data_map","Data map","data_map_desc","How the data fits together, at a glance","methodology","Methodology","methodology_desc","How each figure is calculated, with links to the code","experiments","experiments_desc","Experimental analyses and methodology write-ups","wordfish","Wordfish scaling","wordfish_desc","Placing members on an axis by the words in their speeches","menu_label","Settings","appearance","Appearance","theme","theme_system","System","theme_light","theme_dark","font_size","Font size","font_size_decrease","Decrease font size","font_size_increase","Increase font size","high_contrast","High contrast","grayscale","Grayscale","interface_language","Interface","content_language","Content language","content_language_auto","Auto (follow interface)","content_language_note","Language of the displayed data (names, titles, texts). 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