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1. Ausländische Beispiele

In den USA muss der Chef der Notenbank (Federal Reserve System, Fed) aufgrund des Humphrey-Hawkins Gesetzes halbjährlich dem Kongress Rechenschaft über die Politik des Fed (Board of Governors) ablegen und eine Einschätzung der Wirtschaftslage vornehmen. In der Regel ist dies mit einem Hearing vor dem Bankenausschuss des Senats verbunden. (Full Employment and Balanced Growth Act of 1978)

Eine ähnliche Rechenschaftspflicht der Nationalbank wird mit dem Vorstoss der Sozialdemokratischen Fraktion angestrebt.

2. Zunehmender Einfluss der Notenbankpolitik

Mit dem Rückgang der Fiskalpolitik als konjunkturpolitisches Instrument und mit dem allgemeinen Rückzug des Staates aus der Wirtschaftspolitik hat die Notenbank in allen westlichen Industrieländern an Bedeutung und Einfluss auf die Wirtschaftsentwicklung gewonnen.

Auch in der Schweiz hat die Nationalbank bei der Konjunktursteuerung mangels anderer wirtschaftspolitischer Instrumente zum Teil die politischen Behörden abgelöst.

Schon aus diesem Grund drängt sich eine Verpflichtung zu verstärkter Rechenschaftspflicht gegenüber den politischen Behörden auf.

3. Zielvielfalt und Zielkonflikte vorgegeben

Aufgrund des Nationalbankengesetzes (NBG) hat die SNB die Aufgabe, \"eine den Gesamtinteressen des Landes dienende Kredit- und Währungspolitik zu führen\" (Art. 2 NBG). Die \"Gesamtinteressen des Landes\" sind mit Blick auf die Kredit- und Währungspolitik in den Wirtschaftsartikeln der BV definiert.

In Art. 31quinquies BV wird das Zielpolygon der Wirtschaftspolitik mit folgenden vier Zielen umschrieben:

1. ausgeglichene konjunkturelle Entwicklung

2. Verhütung und Bekämpfung von Arbeitslosigkeit

3. Verhütung und Bekämpfung der Teuerung

4. Rücksichtnahme auf die unterschiedliche wirtschaftliche Entwicklung der einzelnen Gebiete des Landes.

Für die Wirtschaftswissenschaft ist klar, dass zwischen diesen verfassungsmässigen Zielen in der Praxis auch Zielkonflikte entstehen und eine Optimierung zwischen den Zielsetzungen nötig ist. Wir verweisen auf die langjährige Diskussion um den Zielkonflikt und Zusammenhang zwischen Teuerungsrate und Arbeitslosenrate (Phillips-Kurve).

Die Gewichtung und Optimierung der wirtschaftspolitischen Ziele ist streng wissenschaftlich nicht möglich, sondern sie muss das Resultat eines politischen Aushandlungsprozesses sein, in welchem die verschiedenen Interessen und Sichtweisen zum Zuge kommen.

In einer jüngeren Publikation sagt die Nationalbank selber, dass die breite politische Abstützung ihrer Politik grosse Bedeutung hat: \"Die Ziele der Notenbank müssen von der Bevölkerung, vom Parlament und vom Bundesrat als Ziele der staatlichen Politik mitgetragen werden. Sie alle wollen und brauchen gesundes Geld. Die Notenbank ist gezwungen, sich diese Unterstützung von Bevölkerung und von Behörden immer wieder durch eine transparente Politik zu verdienen.\" (Quartalsheft SNB, 2./1996, S. 160).

Es ist falsch und unmöglich, von einem dreiköpfigen Direktorium der Nationalbank eine autonome Festlegung der wirtschaftspolitischen Zielhierarchie zu erwarten. Die Gefahr einer einseitigen und demokratisch nicht legitimierten Gewichtung in der Zielhierarchie ist vom System her gegeben.

4. Einseitige Doktrinbildung der SNB

Das Direktorium der SNB hat seit den 80er Jahren das verfassungsmässig vorgegebene Zielviereck der Wirtschaftspolitik eigenmächtig und ohne gesetzlichen Auftrag einseitig auf die Bekämpfung der Teuerung ausgerichtet.

Unter Zuhilfenahme der monetaristischen Sichtweise und Methode hat sie ihre ganze Wirtschaftspolitik deklariertermassen einseitig auf die Festlegung der Geldmenge beschränkt. Die andern wirtschaftspolitischen Parameter wie Zinsziele und Wechselkursziele gerieten völlig in den Hintergrund, und dies wohlverstanden ohne Auftrag des Gesetzgebers und des Bundesrats.

Während der relativ ausgewogenen Konjunkturentwicklung mit einem befriedigendem Wachstum in den 80er Jahren wurde diese Politik wenig angefochten; doch bereits seit Anfang der 90er Jahre geriet die einseitige monetaristische Ausrichtung des SNB-Direktoriums in eine politische Legitimationsnot.

5. Wiederholte Fehleinschätzung mit grossem Schaden

Die Fehleinschätzungen der SNB sind heute offenkundig und werden von allen wirtschaftspolitischen Lagern auch thematisiert. Das SNB-Direktorium hat seit 1988 mehrmals gravierende Fehleinschätzungen begangen: (siehe Eisenhut P.: Aktuelle Volkswirtschaftslehre. Ausgabe 1994/95. Chur/Zürich 1994, S. 168).

- 1987 entschloss sich das SNB-Direktorium zu einer expansiven Geldpolitik und versorgte die Banken nach dem Börsensturz mit zusätzlicher Liquidität von über einer Milliarde Franken, was später die Teuerung massiv anheizte.

- 1988 fiel das SNB-Direktorium einer Täuschung zum Opfer: Weil die Notenbankgeldmenge durch die Einführung des elektronischen Zahlungsverkehrs zwischen den Banken (SIC) drastisch zurückging, doch die Geldumlaufgeschwindigkeit massiv anstieg, übersah die SNB die folgenschwere Situation, dass die anscheinend restriktive Geldpolitik in Tat und Wahrheit expansiv war.

- 1990-92 führte die SNB eine restriktive Geldmengenpolitik mit einem Kurs des teuren Geldes durch (Zinshausse!).

- Obschon ab 1993 die Rezessionstendenzen deutlich sichtbar und die sinkende Teuerung offensichtlich wurden, führte das SNB-Direktorium ihre restriktive Politik mit monetaristischem Dogmatismus weiter. Es unterschritt mehrmals das von ihr selbst gesteckte Ziel eines 1prozentigen Geldmengenwachstums.

- Das SNB-Direktorium ignorierte sodann die globale Frankenaufwertung, die in den Jahren 1993-1995 real rund 15 Prozent betrug und die Exportwirtschaft in grösste Schwierigkeiten brachte.

- Erst Ende 1995 wurde die Geldmengenpolitik gelockert; aber erst ab Mitte 1996, nach dem Weggang von Markus Lusser aus dem Direktorium, wurde ein eigentlicher Doktrinwechsel vollzogen.

6. Fehler der SNB durch OECD bestätigt

Die OECD wies in ihrem Bericht vom Juli 1996 über die schweizerische Wirtschaft in den Jahren 1995/96 auf die Wachstumsschwäche hin, die auf der Aufwertung des Schweizer Frankens von 15 Prozent zwischen 1993 und 1995 resultierte.

Die Frankenaufwertung hatte laut OECD ein vermindertes Wirtschaftswachstum in der Schweiz von 3-4 Prozent zur Folge! (OCDE: Etudes Economiques 1995-96: Suisse. Paris 1996, S. 6).

Dieser Wachstumsrückstand von 3-4 Prozent entspricht kurzfristig etwa 100 000 verlorenen Arbeitsplätzen!

Die schweizerische Volkswirtschaft trägt heute einen sehr hohen Preis für die Ignoranz des damaligen SNB-Direktoriums gegenüber den Wechselkursentwicklungen und damit gegenüber der Realwirtschaft (Exportindustrie). Seit den dreissiger Jahren hat die schweizerische Wirtschaftspolitik nie mehr so grosse und folgenschwere Fehlleistungen produziert wie die Nationalbank mit ihrer Serie von Fehleinschätzungen zwischen 1988 und 1995.

7. Ideologische Schutzwand aufgebaut

Es war nicht so, dass die Fehlentwicklungen bezüglich Wechselkurs und Zinsfixierung nicht kritisiert worden wären. Nicht nur von Gewerkschaften, sondern auch von Bankkreisen (P.Buomberger, SBG) und aus der Wissenschaft (Prof. R. Erbe) wurde frühzeitig auf die Schäden der SNB-Politik aufmerksam gemacht.

Das SNB-Direktorium baute gegenüber der zunehmenden Kritik eine ideologische Schutzwand auf, die kaum einen Diskurs über die Zieloptimierung und die volkswirtschaftlichen Wirkungen der von ihm verfügten Massnahmen zuliess.

Die politische Kritik aus verschiedenen Lagern wurde recht stur und unsensibel mit dem Verweis auf die Unabhängigkeit der Notenbank abgetan.

Bereits 1992/93 wurde seitens der SP und anderer Kritiker die Forderung aufgestellt, die SNB müsse neben Geldmengenzielen auch Wechselkurs- und zinsbezogene Ziele mitberücksichtigen. Dieses Ansinnen wurde vom SNB-Direktorium heftig zurückgewiesen. Doch seit Mitte 1996 spätestens zeichnet sich ab, dass die SNB heute - ohne dies je öffentliche einzugestehen - gerade auch Wechselkurs- und Zinsziele einbezieht. Faktisch hat sich die SNB mit der neuen Politik auf einen Zinstarget festgelegt und damit die Forderungen erfüllt, die während drei Jahren zuvor von Aussenstehenden erhoben worden waren.

8. Kritisierte Anlagepolitik der SNB

Eine ähnliche Fehlbeurteilung des SNB-Direktoriums ist mit der Bewirtschaftung der Gold- und Devisenreserven festzustellen. Der Lausanner Professor Thomas von Ungern-Sternberg hat nachgewiesen, dass die SNB in den letzten 10 Jahren mindestens 6 Milliarden Franken mehr hätte erwirtschaften können, wenn sie die Reserven professioneller bewirtschaftet hätte. Diese nachlässige Handhabung der Reserven ist nach von Ungern-Sternberg de facto eine Schädigung des Steuerzahlers, denn die SNB-Reserven sind nichts anderes als ein Volksvermögen, das schlecht bewirtschaftet worden ist. (Thomas von Ungern-Sternberg: The Swiss National Bank and Seignorage. Cahier 9601. DEEP Université de Lausanne. Januar 1996).

Diese Aussage über die falsche SNB-Anlagestrategie wurde von Bankenseite (z.B. P. Boumberger, SBG) bestätigt.

Die parlamentarische Initiative 96.404 Ledergeber beantragt eine Revision des Nationalbankengesetzes mit dem Ziel, eine bessere und gewinnbringendere Anlage der SNB-Vermögen einzuleiten. (Diese Frage wird deshalb hier nicht weiter verfolgt).

9. Andere Notenbanken pragmatischer

In andern Hartwährungsländern im OECD-Raum haben die Notenbankleitungen längst von der monetaristischen Doktrin Abstand genommen und sich auf eine \"opportunitäre Politik\" festgelegt. \"Opportunitäre\" Notenbankpolitik hat nichts mit politischem Opportunismus zu tun, sondern sie bedeutet, dass der durch die Notenbank kontrollierte Geldmarktsatz proportional zu den Abweichungen von den Zielen Preisstabilität und Konjunkturstabilität verändert wird. Mit andern Worten bedeutet dies, dass sich die andern Notenbanken der Hartwährungsländer längst auf einen pragmatischeren Kurs begeben haben, der die Komplexität und Vielfalt der wirtschaftspolitischen Ziele miteinander berücksichtigt und situationsbezogen reagiert.

Die Schweizerische Nationalbank hat sich am längsten gegen eine pragmatischere Politik im beschriebenen Sinne gewehrt. (Es ist anzunehmen, dass das neue Direktorium seit Mitte 1996 diesen pragmatischeren Kurs nachvollzieht).

10. Risiko und Unabhängigkeit der Notenbank

Alle diese Erwägungen führen zu folgenden politischen Schlüssen:

Das Direktorium der SNB ist zu stark von der wirtschaftspolitischen Auseinandersetzung abgeschottet. Es hat angesichts der erhöhten wirtschaftlichen Bedeutung der Notenbankpolitik zu viel Macht ohne Rechenschaftspflicht.

\"Macht heisst, nicht lernen zu müssen\" (Karl Deutsch). Die Unflexibilität des Nationalbank-Direktoriums ist vor allem darauf zurückzuführen, dass die Machtträger nicht rechenschaftspflichtig sind. Das Risiko zu Fehlentscheiden wird grösser, und Korrekturen, wenn sie einmal erkannt sind, werden zu spät eingeleitet.

11. Keine Einflussnahme auf Geldpolitik

Die SP-Fraktion will ausdrücklich nicht eine direkte Einflussnahme des Parlaments auf die SNB einführen.

Die Erfahrungen im Ausland werden ernst genommen: politische oder Interessenkreise unterliegen der Gefahr, die Notenbank zu instrumentalisieren und auf kurzfristige (wahlpolitische, interessenbezogene) Opportunitäten auszurichten.

Die SP will nicht, dass das Parlament der SNB die Geld- und Währungspolitik befehlen kann. Sie will aber eine Rechenschaftspflicht in dem Sinne, dass die Wertung und Optimierung der Zielerreichung auch politisch zur Diskussion gestellt wird.

Die Rechenschaftsablage kann in Form eines schriftlichen Berichts erfolgen, der in der Regel in der Kommission für Wirtschaft und Abgaben (WAK) zu diskutieren ist. Die zuständige Parlamentskommission sollte die Gelegenheit haben, Hearings mit dem SNB-Direktorium durchzuführen (für die Hearings werden die Kommissionen beider Räte eingeladen).

12. Rechenschaftspflicht und institutionelle Unabhängigkeit

Mit der Parlamentarischen Initiative der Sozialdemokratischen Fraktion wird eine Rechenschaftspflicht des SNB-Direktoriums gegenüber dem Parlament und damit gegenüber der Öffentlichkeit vorgeschlagen.

Die Rechenschaftspflicht soll dazu dienen, dass die Politik der SNB transparent gemacht wird, und dass sich die einzelnen Interessengruppen zur wirtschaftspolitischen Zieloptimierung äussern können.

Mit dieser Forderung der Rechenschaftsablage soll die institutionelle Unabhängigkeit des Noteninstituts nicht angetastet werden. Die institutionelle Unabhängigkeit ist aber überreizt worden. Sie kann nicht so weit gehen, dass eine eigentliche Rechenschaftspflicht wegfällt und der politische Diskurs verhindert wird.

Rechenschaftspflicht und institutionelle Unabhängigkeit der SNB sind keine Gegensätze; vielmehr sind sie ein Ausdruck der Balance zwischen öffentlichem Interesse und Handlungsautonomie der SNB.

13. Funktion des Bankrats SNB neu definieren

Ein besonderes Problem ist die Funktion des Bankrats und des Bankratausschusses der SNB.

Der Bankrat wird heute nach dem Kriterium der Prominenz und nicht der wirtschaftspolitischen Kompetenz zusammengesetzt. Es hat nach übereinstimmender Einschätzung mehrerer Bankratsmitglieder eher die Funktion eines Prominentengremiums ohne politische Auseinandersetzung.

Im Rahmen der Gesetzesänderung ist die Zusammensetzung des Bankrats SNB zu überprüfen. Wenn schon eine politische Zusammensetzung angestrebt wird (was angesichts der unterschiedlichen Zielprioritäten und Sichtweisen sinnvoll ist), sollten amtierende Politiker und Verbandsverantwortliche im Bankrat Einsitz nehmen. Der Bankrat sollte nicht eine Belohnungsinstanz für Altpolitiker werden.

Der Bankrat der SNB sollte einen Leistungsauftrag erhalten, in welchem seine Funktionen klar definiert und auch die Verantwortlichkeit gegenüber der Öffentlichkeit und den entsendenden Organisationen klarer festgehalten werden. Die Rechenschaftspflicht der SNB umfasst auch eine entsprechende Leistungspflicht des Bankrates und des Bankratausschusses.

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Das Nationalbankgesetz ist in dem Sinn zu ergänzen, dass die Schweizerische Nationalbank halbjährlich dem Parlament Rechenschaft über ihre Massnahmen in der Geld-, Zins- und Währungspolitik ablegt.

Die Rechenschaftspflicht ist mit keiner Einflussnahme des Parlaments auf die Nationalbank hinsichtlich der Festlegung geld- und währungspolitischer Instrumente verbunden.

Gleichzeitig sind die Wahl, die Zusammensetzung und der Leistungsauftrag des Bankrates der Nationalbank neu zu definieren.

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Tschertgabel, filtrabel ed exportabel.","person.dim.alignment.title","Tgi vota sco {name}?","person.dim.alignment.desc","Vischins da co-votar da {name}{ctx}: ils {count} commembers cul cumportament da votar il pli sumegliant, ordinads tenor accordanza.","person.dim.lobby.title","Cartas d'access da {name}","person.dim.lobby.desc","A tgi che {name}{ctx} conceda access a l'edifizi dal parlament: {count} cartas d'access cun num, rolla e validitad.","person.dim.contributions.title","Contribuziuns da {name}","person.dim.contributions.desc","{count} fatschentas parlamentaras scrittas u cofirmadas da {name}{ctx}, tenor rolla e data.","person.dim.interests.title","Interess declarads da {name}","person.dim.interests.desc","{count} interess declarads da {name}{ctx}: mandats, associaziuns e colliaziuns da lobbying, pajads u nunpajads.","person.dim.memberships.title","Commembranzas da {name}","person.dim.memberships.desc","{count} commembranzas en gruppas, cumissiuns e gremis da {name}{ctx}, cun rollas e periodas.","person.dim.speeches.title","Discurs da {name}","person.dim.speeches.desc","{count} discurs ed intervenziuns da {name}{ctx} en il parlament. Tschertgabel, cun data, fatschenta e video.","person.dim.images.title","Fotos da {name}","person.dim.images.desc","{count} retratgs e fotos da {name}{ctx}. Maletgs uffizials da funtauna ord las datas parlamentaras.","person.dim.vocabulary.title","Vocabulari da {name}","person.dim.vocabulary.desc","Ils pleds ils pli frequents en ils discurs da {name}{ctx}. Ina charta da frequenza da ses vocabulari parlamentar.","person.index.title","Persunas","person.index.desc","Tschertgar e cumparegliar tut ils {count} commembers dals parlaments svizzers e liechtensteinais: partida, chantun, cumportament da votar, interess declarads e dapli sin {site}.","person.index.searchTitle","«{q}»: Persunas","person.index.searchDesc","Resultats da tschertga per «{q}» tranter ils commembers dals parlaments svizzers e liechtensteinais. {count} resultats sin {site}.","voting.tail","Resultat, relaziun gea/na e la fatschenta suttanetta sin {site}.","voting.index.title","Votaziuns","voting.index.desc","Tschertgar tut las {count} votaziuns dals parlaments svizzers e liechtensteinais: resultats, cumportament da las fracziuns e fatschentas colliadas sin {site}.","voting.index.searchTitle","«{q}»: Votaziuns","voting.index.searchDesc","Resultats da tschertga per «{q}» tranter las votaziuns. {count} resultats sin {site}.","doc.tail","Format, data, categoria e las fatschentas e sesidas colliadas sin {site}.","doc.index.title","Documents","doc.index.desc","Tschertgar tut ils {count} documents dals parlaments svizzers e liechtensteinais: rapports, protocols e sboz tenor data, format e categoria sin {site}.","doc.index.searchTitle","«{q}»: Documents","doc.index.searchDesc","Resultats da tschertga per «{q}» tranter ils documents. {count} resultats sin {site}.","text.tail","Text cumplet, data, tip e la fatschenta correspundenta sin {site}.","text.index.title","Texts","text.index.desc","Tschertgar tut ils {count} texts e decrets dals parlaments svizzers e liechtensteinais en text cumplet: tenor tip, data ed instituziun sin {site}.","text.index.searchTitle","«{q}»: Texts","text.index.searchDesc","Resultats da tschertga per «{q}» tranter ils texts. {count} resultats sin {site}.","speech.tail","Protocol cumplet, uratur, data e la fatschenta correspundenta sin {site}.","speech.index.title","Discurs","speech.index.desc","Tschertgar tut ils {count} discurs ed intervenziuns en ils parlaments svizzers e liechtensteinais en text cumplet: tenor uratur, data e fatschenta sin {site}.","speech.index.searchTitle","«{q}»: Discurs","speech.index.searchDesc","Resultats da tschertga per «{q}» tranter ils discurs. {count} resultats sin {site}.","interest.tail","Tgi che ha la colliaziun, sche pajada u nunpajada, e la decleraziun correspundenta sin {site}.","interest.index.title","Interess","interest.index.desc","Tschertgar tut ils {count} interess declarads en ils parlaments svizzers e liechtensteinais: mandats, associaziuns e colliaziuns da lobbying sin {site}.","interest.index.searchTitle","«{q}»: Interess","interest.index.searchDesc","Resultats da tschertga per «{q}» tranter ils interess declarads. {count} resultats sin {site}.","organization.overview","{name}: {members} titulars da mandat cun {mandates} mandats en {bodies} instituziuns dals parlaments svizzers e liechtensteinais. Colliaziuns da lobbying e d'interess sin {site}.","organization.index.title","Organisaziuns","organization.index.desc","Tschertgar tut las {count} organisaziuns e patruns colliads cun ils parlaments svizzers e liechtensteinais: mandats, commembers ed access da lobbying sin {site}.","organization.index.searchTitle","«{q}»: Organisaziuns","organization.index.searchDesc","Resultats da tschertga per «{q}» tranter las organisaziuns. {count} resultats sin {site}.","group.tail","Commembers, sesidas, votaziuns e contribuziuns da la gruppa sin {site}.","group.dim.contributions.title","group.dim.contributions.desc","{count} fatschentas e propostas da {name}{ctx}, scrittas u cofirmadas, tenor rolla e data.","group.dim.meetings.title","Sesidas da {name}","group.dim.meetings.desc","{count} sesidas da {name}{ctx}: tractandas, decisiuns e protocols tenor data.","group.dim.memberships.title","Commembers da {name}","group.dim.memberships.desc","{count} commembranzas en {name}{ctx}: persunas, rollas e periodas.","group.dim.votings.title","Votaziuns da {name}","group.dim.votings.desc","{count} votaziuns en connex cun {name}{ctx}: resultats e datas.","group.index.title","Cumissiuns & gruppas","group.index.desc","Tschertgar tut las {count} cumissiuns, fracziuns, delegaziuns ed auters gremis dals parlaments svizzers e liechtensteinais: commembers, votaziuns e contribuziuns sin {site}.","group.index.searchTitle","«{q}»: Cumissiuns & gruppas","group.index.searchDesc","Resultats da tschertga per «{q}» tranter las cumissiuns e fracziuns. {count} resultats sin {site}.","meeting.tail","Tractanda, votaziuns, discurs, documents e participants da la sesida sin {site}.","meeting.dim.agendas.title","Tractanda da {name}","meeting.dim.agendas.desc","{count} tractandas da la sesida {name}{ctx}: fatschentas e temas en la successiun da tractament.","meeting.dim.votings.title","meeting.dim.votings.desc","{count} votaziuns a la sesida {name}{ctx}: resultats e fatschentas colliadas.","meeting.dim.speeches.title","meeting.dim.speeches.desc","{count} discurs en la sesida {name}{ctx}: tenor uratur e tractanda.","meeting.dim.docs.title","Documents da {name}","meeting.dim.docs.desc","{count} documents da la sesida {name}{ctx}: protocols, sboz e agiuntas.","meeting.dim.events.title","Cronologia da {name}","meeting.dim.events.desc","{count} eveniments durant la sesida {name}{ctx}: etappas e decisiuns.","meeting.dim.contributors.title","Participants da {name}","meeting.dim.contributors.desc","{count} participants e contribuents a la sesida {name}{ctx}: persunas, gremis e rollas.","meeting.index.title","Sesidas","meeting.index.desc","Tschertgar tut las {count} sesidas dal cussegl e da las cumissiuns dals parlaments svizzers e liechtensteinais: tractandas, votaziuns, discurs e documents sin {site}.","meeting.index.searchTitle","«{q}»: Sesidas","meeting.index.searchDesc","Resultats da tschertga per «{q}» tranter las sesidas. {count} resultats sin {site}.","affair.tail","Votaziuns, discurs, documents, texts e la cronologia da la fatschenta sin {site}.","affair.dim.votings.title","Votaziuns davart {name}","affair.dim.votings.desc","{count} votaziuns davart la fatschenta {name}{ctx}: resultats, datas e relaziuns gea/na.","affair.dim.contributors.title","Contribuents a {name}","affair.dim.contributors.desc","{count} persunas e gremis participads a {name}{ctx}: auturs, cofirmaturs e rollas.","affair.dim.speeches.title","Discurs davart {name}","affair.dim.speeches.desc","{count} discurs davart la fatschenta {name}{ctx}: tschertgabel tenor data ed uratur.","affair.dim.docs.title","Documents davart {name}","affair.dim.docs.desc","{count} documents davart la fatschenta {name}{ctx}: rapports, sboz ed agiuntas tenor data e format.","affair.dim.events.title","affair.dim.events.desc","{count} eveniments en il decurs da la fatschenta {name}{ctx}: etappas e decisiuns en successiun cronologica.","affair.dim.texts.title","Texts davart {name}","affair.dim.texts.desc","{count} texts e decrets per la fatschenta {name}{ctx}: disponibels en text cumplet.","affair.index.title","Fatschentas","affair.index.desc","Tschertgar tut las {count} fatschentas parlamentaras dals parlaments svizzers e liechtensteinais: propostas, projects da lescha e deliberaziuns tenor tip e status sin {site}.","affair.index.searchTitle","«{q}»: Fatschentas","affair.index.searchDesc","Resultats da tschertga per «{q}» tranter las fatschentas parlamentaras. {count} resultats sin {site}.","body.tail","Persunas, votaziuns, fatschentas, fidaivladad da fracziun e colliaziuns da lobby sin {site}.","body.dim.people.title","Persunas da {name}","body.dim.people.desc","{count} persunas da {name}{ctx}: parlamentaris, executiva e titulars da mandat cun fracziun e rolla. Tschertgabel.","body.dim.votings.title","body.dim.votings.desc","{count} votaziuns tegnidas en {name}{ctx}: resultats, datas e fatschentas colliadas. Tschertgabel ed exportabel.","body.dim.affairs.title","Fatschentas da {name}","body.dim.affairs.desc","{count} fatschentas parlamentaras da {name}{ctx}: propostas, projects da lescha e deliberaziuns tenor tip e status.","body.dim.docs.title","body.dim.docs.desc","{count} documents da {name}{ctx}: rapports, protocols e sboz, tenor data, format e categoria.","body.dim.texts.title","Texts da {name}","body.dim.texts.desc","{count} texts e decrets da {name}{ctx}: text cumplet, tschertgabel tenor data e tip.","body.dim.loyalty.title","Fidaivladad da fracziun en {name}","body.dim.loyalty.desc","Quant coerent che las fracziuns en {name}{ctx} votan: fidaivladad da fracziun e divergenza per commember.","body.dim.alignment.title","Proximitad da votaziun en {name}","body.dim.alignment.desc","Tgi vota cun tgi en {name}{ctx}: accordanza en il cumportament da votar tranter ils commembers.","body.dim.lobby.title","Rait da lobby da {name}","body.dim.lobby.desc","Interess declarads e cartas d'access enturn {name}{ctx}: tgi ch'è collià cun tgi.","body.dim.discussion.title","Profils da discurs en {name}","body.dim.discussion.desc","Posiziunament basà sin pleds dals commembers da {name}{ctx}: scalaziun Wordfish da lur discurs sin in ax latent.","body.index.title","Parlaments","body.index.desc","Tschertgar tut ils {count} parlaments ed instituziuns da la Svizra e dal Liechtenstein, federals, chantunals e communals: commembers, votaziuns, fatschentas e dapli sin {site}.","body.index.searchTitle","«{q}»: Parlaments","body.index.searchDesc","Resultats da tschertga per «{q}» tranter ils parlaments ed instituziuns da la Svizra e dal Liechtenstein. {count} resultats sin {site}.","dataset.desc","{label} per {scope}: datas parlamentaras svizras avertas sco JSON, CSV u Excel. 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partida e fracziun.","chart_export","Exportar","chart_export_title","Exportar il diagram","chart_export_failed","Export betg reussì.","chart_exporting","Exportar…","chart_download","Telechargiar","chart_close","chart_fullscreen","chart_title","chart_title_ph","Titel opziunal","chart_subtitle","Suttitel","chart_subtitle_ph","Suttitel opziunal","chart_colors","Colurs & etichettas","chart_color_for","Colur per","chart_label_for","Etichetta per","chart_reset","chart_order","chart_output","Output","chart_format","chart_theme","Design","chart_theme_light","Cler","chart_theme_dark","Stgir","chart_size","Grondezza","chart_options","Opziuns","chart_show_legend","Mussar la legenda","chart_transparent","Fund transparent","chart_interactive","Interactiv","chart_credits","Indicaziun da la funtauna","voting_chart_no_votes","voting_chart_seats","sezs","voting_chart_no_seatmap","Naginas datas dals sezs disponiblas.","voting_chart_col_person","Persuna","voting_chart_col_party","voting_chart_col_group","voting_chart_col_vote","voting_chart_by_party","Vusch tenor partida","voting_chart_by_party_seats","Sezs tenor partida","voting_chart_colour_by","Colurar ils sezs tenor","voting_chart_majority","Maioritad","voting_chart_edit","Modifitgar & exportar","voting_chart_seat_note","Las posiziuns dals sezs èn illustrativas, betg la disposiziun reala da la chombra. Avra l'editur per reorganisar las colurs, las etichettas e la successiun, ed exportar.","speeches_title","speeches_loading","speech_person","Uratur","speech_body","Instituziun","speech_affair","speech_meeting","groups_title","no_groups","Naginas gruppas chattadas.","group_untitled","Gruppa senza titel","section_meetings","no_meetings","Naginas sesidas registradas.","view_all_meetings","Mussar tuttas sesidas","meetings_title","meeting_untitled","meeting_upcoming","Vegnenta","facet_time","Cura","facet_upcoming","facet_past","Passada","group_abbreviation","Scursanida","group_description","Descripziun","group_official_record","Pagina uffiziala","group_contact","member_unknown","section_votings","interests_title","interest_details","Detagls","interest_person","Declarà da","interest_body","Gremi concedent","interest_role","interest_type","interest_group","interest_place","Lieu","interest_period","Perioda","meeting_details","meeting_type","meeting_state","meeting_number","meeting_location","meeting_period","meeting_group","meeting_body","group_type","description","controls_search_placeholder_meetings","Tschertgar sesidas …","controls_search_hint_meetings","Num, lieu u descripziun","section_agendas","no_agendas","Naginas tractandas.","view_all_agendas","Mussar tuttas tractandas","agenda_untitled","speech_speaker_unknown","video","doc_untitled","Document","doc_body","doc_affair","doc_meeting","doc_agenda","section_contributors","Contribuents","no_contributors","Nagins contribuents.","view_all_contributors","Mussar tut ils contribuents","sort_number","topics_title","Ils pleds ils pli duvrads","topics_intro","Ils pleds che questa persuna dovra il pli savens en ses discurs, senza ils pleds da farsa frequents. La grondezza da la plattina mussa quant savens in pled vegn duvrà.","topics_all_time","Total il temp","topics_last_4y","Ils davos 4 onns","topics_last_8y","Ils davos 8 onns","topics_from","topics_to","topics_speeches","discurs","topics_words","pleds (filtrads)","topics_distinct","pleds distincts","topics_uses","utilisaziuns","topics_alt","Charta d'arber dals {count} pleds ils pli duvrads, la grondezza tenor la frequenza. {ctx}","topics_table_alt","Tabella dals {count} pleds ils pli duvrads e quant savens mintgin vegn duvrà. {ctx}","topics_table_toggle","Mussar sco tabella","topics_table_word","Pled","topics_empty","Nagins discurs cun text utilisabel en questa perioda. Emprova d'engrondir il rom.","loyalty_title","Fidaivladad da fracziun","loyalty_subtitle","Part da las vuschs ch'in commember dat cunter la lingia da maioritad da sia fracziun (pli aut = pli independent). Las abstenziuns valan sco posiziun.","loyalty_axis","Quota da divergenza: part da las vuschs cunter la atgna fracziun","loyalty_dissent","divergenza","loyalty_ballots","vuschs","loyalty_empty","Naginas vuschs en questa perioda cumplenischan las valurs limita per in punctual da fidaivladad. Engrondescha il rom.","loyalty_chart_alt","Diagram da svarm d'avieuls da la quota da divergenza da {count} commembers, in punct per commember, colurà tenor partida. {ctx}","loyalty_table_alt","Tabella da {count} commembers cun lur vuschs, divergenzas e quota da divergenza. {ctx}","loyalty_col_member","loyalty_col_party","loyalty_col_group","loyalty_col_ballots","loyalty_col_dissents","Cunter","loyalty_col_rate","Divergenza","loyalty_from","loyalty_to","loyalty_scale","Scala","loyalty_scale_log","Log","loyalty_scale_linear","Linear","loyalty_filters","Filters","cohesion_title","Coesiun da la fracziun","cohesion_hint","index d'accordanza mesaun (1 = unanim)","section_alignment","Proximitad da votaziun","no_alignment","Betg avunda vuschs cuminaivlas per cumparegliar.","view_all_alignment","Mussar la proximitad da votaziun cumpletta","alignment_agreed_of_shared","concordant en {agreed} da {shared} vuschs cuminaivlas","sort_agreement","Accordanza","sort_shared","Vuschs cuminaivlas","facet_min_shared","Min. cuminaivlas","min_shared_10","≥ 10","min_shared_20","≥ 20","min_shared_50","≥ 50","min_shared_100","≥ 100","section_body_alignment","body_alignment_subtitle","Co ils commembers da questa chombra votan in relaziun a l'auter, sin basa da las vuschs ch'els han cuminaivel. Sin la charta sesan commembers che votan a moda sumeglianta datiers in a l'auter, ed adversaris dalunga. Las colurs represchentan las partidas, uschè che blocs e coaliziuns cumparan sco cluster. La grilia mussa l'accordanza media tranter mintga pèr da partidas (la diagonala è la coesiun interna da mintga partida).","alignment_from","alignment_to","alignment_view","Vista","alignment_view_scatter","Charta","alignment_view_heatmap","Grilia da las partidas","alignment_empty","Betg avunda vuschs en quest rom per construir il model.","alignment_window_note","Il pli expressiv entaifer ina suletta perioda legislativa: il model cumpareglia ils commembers sin basa da las vuschs ch'els han cuminaivel. Sche'l rom cumpiglia in'elecziun u ina midada da cumposiziun, sa cuvran commembers cun mandats differents apaina, e las posiziuns daventan main cumparegliablas.","alignment_no_parties","Naginas partidas da cumparegliar en quest rom.","alignment_scatter_alt","Diagram da dispersiun da {count} commembers, plazzads tenor la sumeglientscha da lur vuschs, colurà tenor partida. {ctx}","alignment_pairs","pèrs","alignment_heatmap_note","Mintga cella è l'accordanza media tranter ils commembers da las duas partidas (diagonala = coesiun interna d'ina partida). ± è il rom da confidenza da 95% e n il dumber dals pèrs da commembers che stattan davos. In pitschen rom sur blers pèrs munta che la proximitad è bain fundada; in rom vast munta be in indizi.","alignment_heatmap_alt","Grilia da l'accordanza media da votar tranter {count} partidas. {ctx}","alignment_members_heading","Commembers","alignment_members_table_alt","Tabella da {count} commembers cun lur accordanza cun la chombra e cun la atgna partida. {ctx}","alignment_col_member","alignment_col_party","alignment_col_votes","alignment_col_chamber","Proxim a la chombra","alignment_col_party_align","Entaifer la partida","alignment_zoom_in","Zoom en","alignment_zoom_out","Zoom or","alignment_zoom_reset","Reponer il zoom","alignment_filters","section_lobby","Rait da lobby","lobby_subtitle","Las organisaziuns ch'ils commembers da questa chombra declaran en lur register d'interess, e nua che questas colliaziuns sa cruschan. En la rait èn ils commembers punct (colurads tenor partida) e las organisaziuns che dus u dapli commembers dividan èn quaders. Commembers che dividan las medemas organisaziuns sa tiran ensemen. La partiziun mussa quantas mandats èn pajads u nunpajads, e tgi che ha ils pli blers.","lobby_empty","Nagins interess declarads per questa chombra en quest rom.","lobby_no_shared","Naginas organisaziuns vegnan dividas da dus u dapli commembers qua. Vesair la partiziun.","lobby_network_alt","Grafic da rait cun {members} commembers e las {orgs} organisaziuns ch'els dividan, colliads tras interess declarads. {ctx}","lobby_mandates","mandats","lobby_members_tied","commembers","lobby_unknown","Nunenconuschent","lobby_org_node","Organisaziun","lobby_payment_heading","Mandats pajads vs. nunpajads","lobby_top_orgs","Organisaziuns las pli dividas","lobby_top_members","Commembers tenor mandats","discussion_title","Profils da discurs","discussion_intro","Nua ch'ils commembers sesan sin in ax latent, derivà sulettamain dals pleds ch'els dovran en lur discurs (scalaziun Wordfish).","discussion_calculating","Scalar ils discurs…","lobby_calculating","Calcular la rait da lobby…","discussion_error","La scalaziun dals discurs n'ha betg pudì vegnir calculada.","discussion_converged","Il model ha convergì","discussion_not_converged","Il model n'ha betg cumplettamain convergì. Legia las posiziuns cun spezial precauziun.","discussion_members_scored","Commembers valitads","discussion_vocab","Vocabulari","discussion_window","Fanestra da temp","discussion_show_all","discussion_show_reliable","Mo ils fidads","discussion_methodology","Co quai vegn calculà","discussion_range_label","Rom da temp","discussion_range_1y","1 onn","discussion_range_2y","2 onns","discussion_range_4y","4 onns","discussion_range_8y","8 onns","discussion_plot_alt","Diagram da svarm d'avieuls da {count} commembers plazzads lung in ax da la tscherna dals pleds, in punct per commember. {ctx}","discussion_plot_caption","Mintga punct è in commember, plazzà tenor ils pleds ch'el dovra en ses discurs. Commembers che dovran ils medems pleds caracteristics sesan datiers in a l'auter; commembers che discurran fitg differentamain sesan dalunga. La posiziun d'in commember na vegn pia betg attribuida da nus; ella resulta da co el discurra propi. Per exempel: tgi che di adina «taglia», «budget» e «expensas» stat dalunga da tgi che di surtut «asil», «cunfin» ed «integraziun». Passa cun il mieus sur in punct per ils detagls. Puncts emplenids han avunda text da discurs per ina plazzada fidada; roncs vids han discurrì memia pauc, lur posiziun è da leger cun precauziun.","discussion_empty","Nagins discurs èn disponibels per quest parlament, uschè ch'ils commembers na pon betg vegnir plazzads sin l'ax. Questa scalaziun legia ils pleds ch'ils commembers discurran propi, e'l set da datas cuntegna protocols da discurs mo per pauc parlaments: las chombras federalas ed intgins chantuns sco Berna, Basilea-Citad u Son Gagl. Ti pos er empruvar in rom da temp pli lung survart.","discussion_empty_sparse","I dat memia pauc text da protocol da discurs per quest parlament per plazzar ses commembers sin l'ax. Emprova in rom da temp pli lung survart.","discussion_pole_a","In pol","discussion_pole_b","Auter pol","discussion_col_party","discussion_key_filled","Avunda text (fidà)","discussion_key_ring","Sut la limita da pleds (pauca segirezza)","discussion_align_title","Suonda l'ax la partida?","discussion_align_hint","Quant da la dispersiun da las posiziuns vegn declerà tras l'appartegnientscha a la partida (η²): 100% = las partidas èn perfetgamain separadas, ~0% = la partida na di nagut.","discussion_align_strong","las partidas èn cleramain separadas","discussion_align_moderate","las partidas èn per part separadas","discussion_align_weak","la partida declera l'ax apaina","discussion_poles_title","Da tge ch'è fatg l'ax","discussion_poles_hint","Ils pleds che tiran ils commembers il pli ferm vers mintga pol. L'ax munta insatge pir cur che ti legias quels. Sia direcziun è arbitrara.","discussion_no_party","Nagina partida","discussion_col_name","discussion_col_position","Posiziun","discussion_col_words","Pleds","discussion_col_speeches","discussion_low_confidence","pauca segirezza","discussion_table_title","discussion_table_alt","Tabella da {count} commembers cun lur posiziun sin l'ax da la tscherna dals pleds. {ctx}","discussion_read_title","Co leger quai","discussion_read_direction","La direcziun da l'ax è arbitrara: Wordfish chatta la separaziun, betg tge vart ch'è «sanester» u «dretg». Legia ils pols dals pleds per vesair tge che mintga vart munta.","discussion_read_uncertainty","Las posiziuns èn standardisadas, la dispersiun è pia ina convenziun, betg ina distanza reala. Bars d'errur pli vasts (e puncts vids) muntan main segirezza, na surinterpretescha pia betg quels commembers.","discussion_read_confound","Il stil da discurs reflectescha la rolla uschè bain sco l'ideologia: presidents da cumissiun, ministers ed uraturs frequents pon arrivar sin in pol pervia da quai ch'els fan, betg mo pervia da quai ch'els crain.","organizations_title","organizations_none","Naginas organisaziuns.","org_members","org_mandates","org_bodies","gremis","org_members_heading","org_members_table_alt","Tabella da {count} commembers cun lur partida, gremi, rolla, pajament e perioda. {ctx}","org_no_members","Nagins commembers.","org_col_member","org_col_party","org_col_body","org_col_role","org_col_payment","Pajament","org_col_period","sort_members","sort_mandates","Mandats","interest_unknown","lobby_panel_person","Organisaziuns declaradas","lobby_panel_org","Commembers cun quest mandat","lobby_table_heading","Tgi è collià cun tge","lobby_table_explain","La matrix cumpletta marchescha mintga commember cunter mintga organisaziun dividida: in punct per colliaziun declarada, la vista cumpletta da tgi ch'è collià cun tge.","lobby_table_large","Per questa chombra è quai","lobby_table_cells","cellas","lobby_table_show","Mussar la tabella","lobby_table_alt","Tabella che marchescha mintgin dals {count} commembers cunter las {orgs} organisaziuns cun las qualas els èn colliads, in punct per colliaziun declarada. {ctx}","lobby_select_hint","Tscherna in commember u ina organisaziun per vesair sias colliaziuns.","lobby_filters","lobby_error","La rait da lobbying n'ha betg pudì vegnir calculada.","lobby_clear_selection","Annullar la selecziun","close","not_found_person","Persuna betg chattada","not_found_body","Parlament betg chattà","not_found_affair","Fatschenta betg chattada","not_found_group","Cumissiun u gruppa betg chattada","not_found_voting","Votaziun betg chattada","not_found_meeting","Sesida betg chattada","not_found_interest","Interess betg chattà","not_found_organization","Organisaziun betg chattada","not_found_text","Text betg chattà","not_found_doc","Document betg chattà","not_found_speech","Discurs betg chattà","not_found_hint","I na dat nagina endataziun cun l'ID {id}. Ella è forsa vegnida allontanada, u la colliaziun è surannada.","not_found_back","Enavos a la survista","about","Davart","faq","FAQ","section_title","section_title_bodies","section_title_affairs","section_title_votings","section_title_texts","section_title_docs","section_subtitle_search","section_subtitle_discussion",{"_1572":1573,"_1590":760,"_1591":1592,"_1593":1594,"_1595":946,"_1596":520,"_1577":322,"_19":524,"_1597":527,"_1579":655,"_1598":1599,"_1600":731,"_1601":282,"_129":292,"_1575":432,"_134":302,"_131":530,"_136":312,"_1602":1054,"_1603":1186,"_1604":1221,"_1605":1186,"_1606":1607,"_1608":1186,"_1609":1610,"_1611":520,"_1612":322,"_1613":1186,"_1614":1594,"_1615":524,"_1580":399,"_1616":332,"_1185":1186,"_1617":638,"_1198":1186,"_127":535,"_1618":1407,"_1619":1264,"_1620":1302,"_1621":1599,"_1622":1391,"_1581":342,"_1623":1383,"_1624":1186},"section_switcher",{"_1570":1571,"_1572":1573,"_1574":282,"_125":476,"_129":292,"_1575":432,"_1576":367,"_1577":322,"_136":312,"_1578":302,"_1579":332,"_1580":399,"_1581":342,"_1582":1583,"_1584":1585,"_1586":1587,"_1588":1589},"section_title_speeches","section_title_groups","section_title_interests","section_title_meetings","section_title_organizations","label_section","Secziun","home","Partenza","people","affairs","groups","speeches","documents","interests","meetings","organizations","group_parliament","Acturs","group_proceedings","Activitads","group_records","Actas","group_lobbying","Lobbying","search","eyebrow","Datas davart {{name}}","overview","Survista","personal_data","votes","memberships","access_badges","Lobby","images","members","texts_overview","text_details","docs_overview","doc_details","votings_overview","Votaziun","voting_details","voting_diagram","Diagram","voting_tally","speeches_overview","speech_details","groups_overview","contributions","interests_overview","meetings_overview","vocabulary","loyalty","alignment","lobby","discussion","organizations_overview","org_details",{"_1682":1683,"_1684":1685,"_1626":1686,"_233":1687},"intro",{"_1628":1629,"_1630":1631,"_1632":1633,"_1634":1635,"_1636":1637,"_1638":1639,"_1640":1641},"en",{"_1642":1677,"_1644":1678,"_1646":1679,"_1648":1680,"_1650":1681},"de",{"_1642":1672,"_1644":1673,"_1646":1674,"_1648":1675,"_1650":1676},"fr",{"_1642":1667,"_1644":1668,"_1646":1669,"_1648":1670,"_1650":1671},"it",{"_1642":1662,"_1644":1663,"_1646":1664,"_1648":1665,"_1650":1666},"es",{"_1642":1657,"_1644":1658,"_1646":1659,"_1648":1660,"_1650":1661},"pt",{"_1642":1652,"_1644":1653,"_1646":1654,"_1648":1655,"_1650":1656},"rm",{"_1642":1643,"_1644":1645,"_1646":1647,"_1648":1649,"_1650":1651},"cookie","Nus duvrain mo cookies essenzials e funcziunals. Nagina analitica, nagin tracking.","dataLang","La Svizra ha quatter linguas naziunalas, e questas datas datti en pliras da quellas. Intgins records èn plurilings, auters mo en ina lingua. Vus pudais tscherner en tge lingua ch'il cuntegn vegn mussà; sche vossa tscherna n'è betg disponibla per in record, vegnan duvradas las autras linguas en in urden da prioritad fix. Quai è independent da la lingua da l'interfatscha. As lascha reglar sut Configuraziuns › Lingua dal cuntegn (sura a dretga).","alt","Questa pagina è era disponibla per rumantsch.","switch","Mussar per rumantsch","dismiss","Betg pli mussar","Utilizamos apenas cookies essenciais e funcionais. Sem análises, sem rastreio.","A Suíça tem quatro línguas nacionais, e estes dados existem em várias delas. Alguns registos estão em várias línguas, outros apenas numa. Pode escolher em que idioma os conteúdos são apresentados; quando a sua escolha não está disponível para um registo, as restantes línguas são usadas por uma ordem de prioridade fixa. Isto é independente do idioma da interface. Configure em Definições › Idioma dos conteúdos (canto superior direito).","Esta página também está disponível em português.","Ver em português","Não mostrar novamente","Solo utilizamos cookies esenciales y funcionales. Sin análisis, sin seguimiento.","Suiza tiene cuatro lenguas nacionales, y estos datos existen en varias de ellas. Algunos registros están en varias lenguas, otros en una sola. Puede elegir en qué idioma se muestra el contenido; cuando su elección no está disponible para un registro, se utilizan las demás lenguas en un orden de prioridad fijo. Esto es independiente del idioma de la interfaz. Configúrelo en Ajustes › Idioma del contenido (arriba a la derecha).","Esta página también está disponible en español.","Ver en español","No volver a mostrar","Utilizziamo solo cookie essenziali e funzionali. Nessuna analisi, nessun tracciamento.","La Svizzera ha quattro lingue nazionali e questi dati esistono in diverse di esse. Alcune voci sono in più lingue, altre in una sola. Puoi scegliere in quale lingua mostrare i contenuti; se la tua scelta non è disponibile per una voce, vengono usate le altre lingue secondo un ordine di priorità prestabilito. Questo è indipendente dalla lingua dell'interfaccia. Impostabile in Impostazioni › Lingua del contenuto (in alto a destra).","Questa pagina è disponibile anche in italiano.","Vedi in italiano","Non mostrare più","Nous utilisons uniquement des cookies essentiels et fonctionnels. Aucune analyse, aucun suivi.","La Suisse a quatre langues nationales, et ces données existent dans plusieurs d'entre elles. Certaines entrées sont en plusieurs langues, d'autres dans une seule. Vous pouvez choisir la langue d'affichage du contenu ; si votre choix n'est pas disponible pour une entrée, les autres langues sont utilisées selon un ordre de priorité défini. Ceci est indépendant de la langue de l'interface. Réglable dans Paramètres › Langue du contenu (en haut à droite).","Cette page est aussi disponible en français.","Voir en français","Ne plus afficher","Wir verwenden nur essenzielle, funktionale Cookies. Keine Analyse, kein Tracking.","Die Schweiz hat vier Landessprachen, und diese Daten liegen in mehreren davon vor. Manche Einträge sind mehrsprachig, andere nur in einer Sprache. Sie können wählen, in welcher Sprache die Inhalte angezeigt werden; ist Ihre Wahl für einen Eintrag nicht verfügbar, werden die übrigen Sprachen in einer festen Prioritätsreihenfolge verwendet. Dies ist unabhängig von der Oberflächensprache. 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Set it under Settings › Content language (top right).","This page is also available in English.","View in English","Don't show again","settings",{"_1750":1751,"_1752":1753,"_1754":1109,"_1755":1756,"_1757":1111,"_1758":1113,"_1759":1760,"_1761":1762,"_1763":1764,"_1765":1766,"_1767":1768,"_585":586,"_1769":1770,"_1771":1772,"_1773":1774,"_1775":1776,"_1777":1778},"nav",{"_1572":1696,"_1697":1698,"_1699":636,"_1700":1701,"_1702":1703,"_1582":1583,"_1584":1585,"_1586":1587,"_1588":1589,"_1574":282,"_125":476,"_1576":367,"_1575":432,"_129":292,"_1580":399,"_1577":322,"_136":312,"_1578":302,"_1579":332,"_1581":342,"_1704":1689,"_1705":1706,"_1550":1551,"_1707":1708,"_1552":1553,"_1709":1710,"_1711":1712,"_1713":1714,"_1715":1716,"_1717":1718,"_1719":1720,"_1721":1722,"_1723":1724,"_1725":1726,"_1727":1728,"_1729":1730,"_1731":1732,"_1733":1734,"_1735":1736,"_1737":1738,"_1739":1740,"_1741":1742,"_1743":1693,"_1744":1745,"_1746":1747,"_1748":1749},{"_1642":1643,"_1644":1645,"_1646":1647,"_1648":1649,"_1650":1651},{"_1688":1689,"_1690":1691,"_1692":1693,"_1694":1695},"project.title","Project","project.desc","Davart parlhub: tge ch'il portal è, respostas a dumondas frequentas, e co che las datas van ensemen.","experiments.title","Experiments","experiments.desc","Analisas experimentalas e demonstraziuns metodologicas sin parlhub, inclusiv la skalaziun Wordfish da parlaments a partir da lur discurs.","parlhub pagina da partenza","skip_to_content","Sursiglir al cuntegn principal","explore","start","Cumenzar qua","start_desc","Colliaziuns svletas a chombras, chantuns e vischnancas","project","project_desc","Il project en in tup d'egl","about_desc","Tge che parlhub è e tgi che stat davos","faq_desc","Respostas a dumondas frequentas","sustainability","Durabilitad","sustainability_desc","Co che parlhub vegn hostà e tge quai custa a la planeta","accessibility","Accessibladad","accessibility_desc","Tge che funcziuna, tge betg, e co annunziar ina barriera","traffic_stats","Statistica dal traffic","traffic_stats_desc","Tge parts da la pagina vegnan dumandadas, e da tgi","imprint","Impressum","imprint_desc","Tgi che gestiunescha parlhub, contact e licenzas","github","GitHub","github_desc","Il code da funtauna dal project sin GitHub","data_guide","Guida da las datas","data_guide_desc","Mintga tip da datas, declerà simplamain, cun exempels","data_map","Charta da las datas","data_map_desc","Co che las datas van ensemen, en in tup d'egl","methodology","Metodologia","methodology_desc","Co che mintga valur vegn calculada, cun colliaziuns tar il code","experiments","experiments_desc","Analisas experimentalas e descripziuns da la metodologia","wordfish","Skalaziun Wordfish","wordfish_desc","Plazzar commembers sin in ass tenor ils pleds da lur discurs","menu_label","Configuraziuns","appearance","Apparientscha","theme","theme_system","Sistem","theme_light","theme_dark","font_size","Grondezza da la scrittira","font_size_decrease","Empitschnir la scrittira","font_size_increase","Engrondir la scrittira","high_contrast","Cuntrast aut","grayscale","Stgalas da gris","interface_language","Interfatscha","content_language","Lingua dal cuntegn","content_language_auto","Automatic (suonda l'interfatscha)","content_language_note","Lingua da las datas mussadas (nums, titels, texts). Independenta da l'interfatscha; sche in record n'è betg disponibel, vegn duvrada la proxima lingua.","content_language_priority","Prioritad",{"_1754":1780,"_1759":1781,"_1782":188,"_1783":180,"_1784":180,"_1785":188,"_1786":-5},"system",100,"show_cookie_consent_message","ui_high_contrast","ui_grayscale","msg_lang_hint","content_lang"]