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Seit 1965 sind in den Schweizer Wäldern fast 10 000 Kilometer lastwagentaugliche Strassen gebaut worden; dazu kommen für den gleichen Zeitraum nochmals 10 000 Kilometer Güterstrassen, die mit landwirtschaftlichen Krediten subventioniert wurden. Während das Bedürfnis im Mittelland gesättigt ist, wird für das Berggebiet ein weiterer namhafter Ausbau vorgesehen. Der Unterhalt dieses ausgedehnten Strassennetzes wird stets kostspieliger.

Damit ist der Zeitpunkt gekommen, die bisherige Subventionspraxis näher zu untersuchen und kritisch zu überprüfen. Einmal hinsichtlich der Anforderungen des naturnahen Bauens. Hier gilt es, die gesetzlichen Bestimmungen des Naturschutzes ernst zu nehmen. Diese sind nicht allein im Bundesgesetz über den Natur- und Heimatschutz verankert, sondern auch schon im Landwirtschaftsgesetz von 1951 in Zusammenhang mit Bodenverbesserungen und neuerdings auch im revidierten Waldgesetz. Dennoch tun sich verschiedene Aufsichtsbehörden mit den neuen ökologischen Anforderungen schwer.

Zweitens ist die Subventionspraxis auch hinsichtlich der Kostenberechnung zu überprüfen. In Zukunft muss die Kostenwahrheit zum Tragen kommen, indem neben den direkten Baukosten auch die indirekten Kosten der Landschaftszerstörung einzubeziehen sind. Dadurch erst werden Neubauprojekte mit Sanierungsprojekten bestehender Strassen vergleichbar. Verschiedene Konflikte aus jüngster Zeit haben klar gezeigt, wie offizielle Neubauprojekte gegen den ursprünglichen Willen der Bevölkerung, welche angepasste Lösungen anstrebte, durchgesetzt wurden (Feldis, Duvin) oder realisiert werden sollten (Napfgebiet, Maderanertal), und zwar mit dem Druckmittel, dass alternative Projekte oder Techniken nicht subventioniert würden. Weil die volle Übernahme der Kosten eines traditionellen Sanierungsprojektes für eine Gemeinde nicht tragbar war, entschloss sie sich widerwillig für das subventionierte Neubauprojekt. Dass damit der Weg zur Alp bedeutend länger wird und das Holzführen mit dem Pferd nicht mehr möglich ist, weil die neue Strasse viel zu flach verläuft, muss ebenso widerwillig in Kauf genommen werden.

Es gibt keine gesetzliche Grundlage, die vorschreibt, dass Erschliessungswege eine Mindestbreite von drei Metern aufweisen müssen (lastwagengängig und baumaschinenkonform). Trotzdem berufen sich die Subventionsbehörden auf amtliche Richtlinien, SIA- und andere Normen bei der Beurteilung der Subventionsprojekte. Hier ist grössere Flexibilität angezeigt.

Der gesetzlich vorgeschriebene Unterhalt von Erschliessungsstrassen kostet jährlich 140 Millionen Franken. Diese Kosten verursachen Gemeinden und Weggenossenschaften zunehmend Probleme. Um sie niedrig zu halten, versehen Bauherrschaften die Strassen nachträglich mit Hartbelag, was auf ihre ganze Lebensdauer bezogen teurer zu stehen kommt. Dieser Vorgang entzieht sich der Kontrolle durch die eidgenössischen Amtsstellen. Der Bund fördert vielmehr diese Entwicklung indirekt, indem er zunehmend mehr Beiträge an Wiederherstellungen von Strassen ausrichtet. Hier drängen sich Gegenmassnahmen auf.

Für das Berggebiet wird von offizieller Seite eine weitere Erschliessung der Gebirgswälder mit 3600 bis 4300 Kilometern ab 1989 gerechnet. Solche Planziele bedürfen dringend einer Überprüfung. Es können auch nicht alle kranken Wälder über Erschliessungsstrassen saniert werden, vor allem wenn die Erkrankung auf exogene Vorgänge (Luftverschmutzung usw.) zurückzuführen ist. Die Frage ist insbesondere auch im Hinblick auf den gemäss Waldgesetz vorgesehenen Verzicht auf die Bewirtschaftung zu klären.

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Der Bundesrat wird um Auskunft gebeten:

1.Teilt er die Auffassung in bezug auf die Ziele des subventionierten Baues von Erschliessungsstrassen, dass

1a. beim Waldstrassenbau nebst dem Kriterium der Walderhaltung in seiner Ausdehnung vermehrt die Kriterien der qualitativen Walderhaltung und des naturnahen Waldes berücksichtigt werden sollen;

1b. beim Güterstrassenbau im Rahmen eines umweltfreundlich produzierenden Bauernstandes stärker auf eine artenreiche Tier- und Pflanzenwelt und eine von Schadstoffen weniger belastete Umwelt Rücksicht zu nehmen ist?

2a. Ist der Bundesrat bereit, bei künftigen Projekten von Wald- und Güterstrassen vom Prinzip der Kostenwahrheit auszugehen, d. h. nebst den eigentlichen Baukosten auch die Kosten für die Zerstörung von Naturwerten und landschaftlichen Schönheiten einzubeziehen?

2b. Ist er demnach auch bereit, darauf hinzuwirken, dass auf Grund der Kostenwahrheit entweder der Verzicht auf eine Strasse oder der Ersatz durch schonendere alternative Techniken gefordert werden muss?

3. Ist der Bundesrat bereit, auch Sanierungsprojekte für bestehende Waldwege, die lediglich sanfte Landschaftseingriffe und kleinere Restkosten für finanzschwache Berggemeinden zur Folge haben, als Alternative zu Neubauten anzuerkennen und zu unterstützen?

4. Ist der Bundesrat gewillt, die Kriterien betreffend Breite und Neigung flexibler auszugestalten und auf übertriebenen Perfektionismus zu verzichten?

5. Wie gedenkt der Bundesrat die Kontrollen beim subventionierten Erschliessungsstrassenbau effizient auszugestalten und die indirekte Förderung von Hartbelagstrassen zu stoppen, deren Kosten zum Teil heute auf Bund und Kantone abgewälzt werden?

6. Wie will der Bundesrat der Bestimmung in Artikel 20 Absatz 3 des Waldgesetzes gerecht werden, die einen Verzicht auf die Bewirtschaftung erlaubt, sofern der Zustand des Waldes und der Grundsatz der Walderhaltung dies zulassen?

7. Ist der Bundesrat gewillt, die neuen Erkenntnisse betreffend einen sinnvollen und naturnahen Bau von Wald- und Güterstrassen anzuwenden und durch Anpassungen in den entsprechenden Verordnungen und Richtlinien in die Tat umzusetzen? Wenn ja, wo und innert welcher Zeit soll das erfolgen?

",8525,"19943546_14","Antwort BR / Büro","

In der Schweiz liegt der jährliche Holzverbrauch bei rund 6,5 Millionen Kubikmetern. Durchschnittlich werden 4,5 Millionen Kubikmeter einheimisches Holz genutzt und zum grossen Teil im Inland verwendet. Holz ist der einzige nachhaltige Rohstoff der Schweiz. Der Zuwachs pro Jahr beträgt etwa 6,7 Millionen Kubikmeter. Holz ist im Vergleich zu anderen Rohstoffen CO 2 -neutral, ökologisch und benötigt als Substitutionsprodukt am wenigsten Energie zur Verarbeitung.

Für eine ökologisch und ökonomisch sinnvolle Holzproduktion und für die Pflege des Schutzwaldes ist ein Minimum an Waldstrassen nötig. Will man die Forststrassen einer ökologischen und ökonomischen Beurteilung unterziehen, so müssen alle relevanten Faktoren berücksichtigt werden.

Dazu gehören auch folgende Fragen: Wieviel einheimisches Holz wollen wir verwenden? Welche Transportdistanzen und Transportmittel sind für Holz sinnvoll? Die Aufrechterhaltung bzw. Steigerung der Holznutzung auf rund 6 Millionen Kubikmeter ist von grosser Bedeutung für unsere Holzwirtschaft und wird vom Bundesamt für Umwelt, Wald und Landschaft (Buwal) aus ökologischen und ökonomischen Gründen stark befürwortet.

Im ersten Artikel des Waldgesetzes sind die verschiedenen Waldfunktionen aufgezählt. Das Waldgesetz hält die Gleichwertigkeit der verschiedenen Waldfunktionen (Schutz-, Wohlfahrts- und Nutzfunktion) fest. Die Kantone haben nun im Rahmen der forstlichen Planung diese Waldfunktionen zu erfassen. Somit stellt sich vorgängig jeder Walderschliessungsplanung die Grundsatzfrage über eine allfällige Waldpflege bzw. -bewirtschaftung. Erst wenn diese Frage entsprechend der Waldfunktionen beantwortet ist, kommt die Frage nach der erforderlichen Erschliessung. Je nach Waldfunktion ist eine minimale Erschliessung (Basiserschliessung) notwendig.

Der Bund verfügt mit der am 1. Januar 1993 in Kraft gesetzten Waldgesetzgebung über neue Rechtsgrundlagen. Diese werden so interpretiert und konkretisiert, dass heute nur noch ein Minimum an Waldstrasse, d. h. eine genügende Basiserschliessung, unterstützt wird. Voraussetzungen sind dabei eine regionale forstliche Planung, die unter anderem eine Waldfunktionsausscheidung enthält, sowie eine Kostenwirksamkeitsrechnung, bei der auch Nullvarianten und alternative Erschliessungsmöglichkeiten (z. B. Feinerschliessung mittels Seilkran) zu prüfen sind.

Die verschiedenen Gesetzesvorgaben sind in den Vollzugsbestimmungen (Kreisschreiben) des Buwal (Eidgenössische Forstdirektion) berücksichtigt worden.

Zu den einzelnen Fragen:

1a. Beim Vollzug der neuen Waldgesetzgebung bilden die quantitative und die qualitative Walderhaltung sowie die Förderung des naturnahen Waldes zentrale Anliegen. Im Rahmen der forstlichen Planung ist grundsätzlich der Bedarfsnachweis für eine Wegerschliessung zu erbringen. Dabei sind die Waldfunktionen zu berücksichtigen, und eine umfassende Interessenerfassung ist durchzuführen. Diese Abklärungen bilden die erforderlichen Entscheidungsgrundlagen zur Beurteilung der Subventionswürdigkeit eines Vorhabens. In diesem Sinne werden die Kriterien der qualitativen Walderhaltung und des naturnahen Waldes berücksichtigt.

1b. Die verstärkte Berücksichtigung der vom Interpellanten genannten Anliegen ist ein erklärtes Ziel der mit dem 7. Landwirtschaftsbericht eingeleiteten Neuorientierung der Landwirtschaftspolitik. Selbstverständlich werden sie auch bei der Unterstützung von Güterwegen beachtet. Es gilt zu bedenken, dass auch naturnah bewirtschaftete Flächen für Geräte und Transportmittel erreichbar sein müssen. Einzige Alternative zur Erschliessung ist letztlich die Aufgabe der landwirtschaftlichen Bewirtschaftung und damit ein Verzicht auf Pflege und Bewahrung der Kulturlandschaft.

2a. Die Eidgenössische Forstdirektion will beim Vollzug des Waldgesetzes das Prinzip der Kostenwahrheit bei allen forstlichen Projektvorhaben berücksichtigen und hat dazu entsprechende Bedingungen in den Vollzugsvorschriften (Kreisschreiben) formuliert. So ist insbesondere bei der Erschliessungsplanung eine ganzheitliche Betrachtung verlangt. Dabei ist von einem umfassenden Zielsystem auszugehen, wie es seit einigen Jahren auch an der ETH unterrichtet wird.

Für Waldstrassen werden bereits heute eine detaillierte Kosten-Nutzen-Analyse sowie eine Abklärung der Kostenwirksamkeit verlangt. Dazu gehört auch die Berücksichtigung und Erfassung der Eingriffe in Natur und Landschaft sowie entsprechender Ersatzmassnahmen. Bei der genauen Erfassung all dieser Elemente stellen sich jedoch noch methodische Schwierigkeiten, und eingehende Grundlagenarbeit ist erforderlich.

2b. Bei den Abklärungen für eine Erschliessung ist auch die Nullvariante zu berücksichtigen. Wenn das Zielsystem nicht erfüllt wird oder wenn die Auswirkungen auf die natürliche Umwelt (z. B. Gefährdung eines geschützten Biotops) nicht akzeptiert werden können, so wird die Subventionierung der Wegerschliessung abgelehnt. Alternative Erschliessungstechniken (z. B. der Seilkran-Einsatz) sind zu prüfen. Zur Förderung des Seilkran-Einsatzes werden die Montage- und Demontagekosten unterstützt.

3. Die Wiederherstellung und der Ausbau von bestehenden zweckmässigen Waldwegen werden unterstützt. Dies um so mehr dann, wenn dadurch der Eingriff in die Landschaft minimiert und teure Neubauten vermieden werden können. Gestützt auf eine umfassende Interessenerfassung hat der Antragsteller jedoch auch bei Wiederherstellungen oder Ausbauten den Bedarfsnachweis zu erbringen.

4. Das Waldgesetz hat eine wesentliche Änderung in der Projektabwicklung gebracht, indem die Eidgenössische Forstdirektion nur noch die Projektphasen der Vorstudie und des Vorprojektes begutachtet. Die Verantwortung für die Projektausführung, das Detail- oder Bauprojekt, wurde den Kantonen übertragen. Der Subventionsentscheid bezieht sich auf das Vorprojekt (Verfügung auf Stufe Vorprojekt). Das eigentliche Bauprojekt (Detailprojekt) ist somit nicht Teil der Subventionsverfügung.

Für die Waldstrassen erlässt die Eidgenössische Forstdirektion keine eigenen (Bau-)Normen. Zur Sicherstellung des zweckmässigen Einsatzes der Bundesmittel und der fachgerechten Bauausführung wird die Berücksichtigung der einschlägigen Fachnormen und Wegleitungen vorausgesetzt, wie z. B.

- die Merkblätter der Arbeitsgemeinschaft für forstlichen Strassenbau (SAFS-Merkblätter),

- diverse SIA-Normen und

- die Wegleitungen \"Natur- und Heimatschutz beim forstlichen Projektwesen\" und \"Natur- und Landschaftsschutz sowie Heimatschutz bei der Erstellung von UVP-Berichten\".

Die Professur für forstliches Ingenieurwesen der ETH Zürich arbeitet an einem Forschungsauftrag betreffend technische Elemente der Walderschliessung, einschliesslich Fragen des Längsgefälles und der Wegbreite. Die Resultate werden 1995 publiziert.

5. Der Bund ist bemüht, die äusserst knappen öffentlichen Gelder optimal einzusetzen. Die Eidgenössische Forstdirektion beauftragt die für die Kantone zuständigen Forstinspektoren, die Subventionsbegehren in einer frühen Projektierungsphase vor Ort zu beurteilen und die Durchführung der umfassenden Interessenabwägung sicherzustellen. Auf der Stufe der Vorstudie wird Eintreten oder Nichteintreten auf ein Erschliessungsvorhaben signalisiert. Auf Stufe des Vorprojektes werden in der Verfügung die erforderlichen Auflagen und Bedingungen aufgenommen. Der Vollzug liegt in erster Linie in der Verantwortung der Kantone und wird vom zuständigen Forstinspektor stichprobenweise kontrolliert. Zurzeit wird ein verfeinertes projektbezogenes Controlling-Konzept erarbeitet.

In bezug auf die Hartbelagstrassen trifft es nicht zu, dass diese im Wald indirekt gefördert werden. Die Eidgenössische Forstdirektion subventioniert den Belagseinbau nur auf erwiesenermassen erforderlichen Strecken (z. B. bei grosser Erosionsgefahr).

6. In Artikel 20 des Waldgesetzes werden die Bewirtschaftungsgrundsätze aufgezeigt. In Absatz 3 wird festgehalten, dass der Bund keine flächendeckende Bewirtschaftung des Waldes verlangt. Die Kantone haben nun im Rahmen der forstlichen Planung die verschiedenen Interessen am Wald, d. h. jene der Öffentlichkeit sowie der Waldeigentümer, zu erfassen und entsprechende Bewirtschaftungsintensitäten festzuhalten.

7. In den Vollzugsbestimmungen (Kreisschreiben) hat die Eidgenössische Forstdirektion die \"Kurskorrektur\" bereits vollzogen. Neue Erkenntnisse werden in der vorgesehenen Überarbeitung der Kreisschreiben berücksichtigt werden. Die \"Kurskorrektur\" ist auf kantonaler Ebene weiter umzusetzen, und der Vollzug liegt nun in erster Linie bei den Kantonen. Grundsätzlich sollen lokale Interessenkonflikte im lokalen Rahmen bereinigt werden und nicht den Subventionstatbestand der forstlichen Strukturverbesserungen auf nationaler Ebene in Frage stellen.

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{y} ({age} onns)","person.bornNoAge","n. {y}","person.bornDied","{by}–{dy}","person.overview.contactLabel","Contact: ","person.overview.tail","Cumportament da votar, interess declarads e discurs sin {site}.","person.dim.votes.title","Cumportament da votar da {name}","person.dim.votes.desc","{count} vuschs registradas da {name}{ctx}: gea, na, abstenziun ed absenza. Tschertgabel, filtrabel ed exportabel.","person.dim.alignment.title","Tgi vota sco {name}?","person.dim.alignment.desc","Vischins da co-votar da {name}{ctx}: ils {count} commembers cul cumportament da votar il pli sumegliant, ordinads tenor accordanza.","person.dim.lobby.title","Cartas d'access da {name}","person.dim.lobby.desc","A tgi che {name}{ctx} conceda access a l'edifizi dal parlament: {count} cartas d'access cun num, rolla e validitad.","person.dim.contributions.title","Contribuziuns da {name}","person.dim.contributions.desc","{count} fatschentas parlamentaras scrittas u cofirmadas da {name}{ctx}, tenor rolla e data.","person.dim.interests.title","Interess declarads da {name}","person.dim.interests.desc","{count} interess declarads da {name}{ctx}: mandats, associaziuns e colliaziuns da lobbying, pajads u nunpajads.","person.dim.memberships.title","Commembranzas da {name}","person.dim.memberships.desc","{count} commembranzas en gruppas, cumissiuns e gremis da {name}{ctx}, cun rollas e periodas.","person.dim.speeches.title","Discurs da {name}","person.dim.speeches.desc","{count} discurs ed intervenziuns da {name}{ctx} en il parlament. Tschertgabel, cun data, fatschenta e video.","person.dim.images.title","Fotos da {name}","person.dim.images.desc","{count} retratgs e fotos da {name}{ctx}. Maletgs uffizials da funtauna ord las datas parlamentaras.","person.dim.vocabulary.title","Vocabulari da {name}","person.dim.vocabulary.desc","Ils pleds ils pli frequents en ils discurs da {name}{ctx}. Ina charta da frequenza da ses vocabulari parlamentar.","person.index.title","Persunas","person.index.desc","Tschertgar e cumparegliar tut ils {count} commembers dals parlaments svizzers e liechtensteinais: partida, chantun, cumportament da votar, interess declarads e dapli sin {site}.","person.index.searchTitle","«{q}»: Persunas","person.index.searchDesc","Resultats da tschertga per «{q}» tranter ils commembers dals parlaments svizzers e liechtensteinais. {count} resultats sin {site}.","voting.tail","Resultat, relaziun gea/na e la fatschenta suttanetta sin {site}.","voting.index.title","Votaziuns","voting.index.desc","Tschertgar tut las {count} votaziuns dals parlaments svizzers e liechtensteinais: resultats, cumportament da las fracziuns e fatschentas colliadas sin {site}.","voting.index.searchTitle","«{q}»: Votaziuns","voting.index.searchDesc","Resultats da tschertga per «{q}» tranter las votaziuns. {count} resultats sin {site}.","doc.tail","Format, data, categoria e las fatschentas e sesidas colliadas sin {site}.","doc.index.title","Documents","doc.index.desc","Tschertgar tut ils {count} documents dals parlaments svizzers e liechtensteinais: rapports, protocols e sboz tenor data, format e categoria sin {site}.","doc.index.searchTitle","«{q}»: Documents","doc.index.searchDesc","Resultats da tschertga per «{q}» tranter ils documents. {count} resultats sin {site}.","text.tail","Text cumplet, data, tip e la fatschenta correspundenta sin {site}.","text.index.title","Texts","text.index.desc","Tschertgar tut ils {count} texts e decrets dals parlaments svizzers e liechtensteinais en text cumplet: tenor tip, data ed instituziun sin {site}.","text.index.searchTitle","«{q}»: Texts","text.index.searchDesc","Resultats da tschertga per «{q}» tranter ils texts. {count} resultats sin {site}.","speech.tail","Protocol cumplet, uratur, data e la fatschenta correspundenta sin {site}.","speech.index.title","Discurs","speech.index.desc","Tschertgar tut ils {count} discurs ed intervenziuns en ils parlaments svizzers e liechtensteinais en text cumplet: tenor uratur, data e fatschenta sin {site}.","speech.index.searchTitle","«{q}»: Discurs","speech.index.searchDesc","Resultats da tschertga per «{q}» tranter ils discurs. {count} resultats sin {site}.","interest.tail","Tgi che ha la colliaziun, sche pajada u nunpajada, e la decleraziun correspundenta sin {site}.","interest.index.title","Interess","interest.index.desc","Tschertgar tut ils {count} interess declarads en ils parlaments svizzers e liechtensteinais: mandats, associaziuns e colliaziuns da lobbying sin {site}.","interest.index.searchTitle","«{q}»: Interess","interest.index.searchDesc","Resultats da tschertga per «{q}» tranter ils interess declarads. {count} resultats sin {site}.","organization.overview","{name}: {members} titulars da mandat cun {mandates} mandats en {bodies} instituziuns dals parlaments svizzers e liechtensteinais. Colliaziuns da lobbying e d'interess sin {site}.","organization.index.title","Organisaziuns","organization.index.desc","Tschertgar tut las {count} organisaziuns e patruns colliads cun ils parlaments svizzers e liechtensteinais: mandats, commembers ed access da lobbying sin {site}.","organization.index.searchTitle","«{q}»: Organisaziuns","organization.index.searchDesc","Resultats da tschertga per «{q}» tranter las organisaziuns. {count} resultats sin {site}.","group.tail","Commembers, sesidas, votaziuns e contribuziuns da la gruppa sin {site}.","group.dim.contributions.title","group.dim.contributions.desc","{count} fatschentas e propostas da {name}{ctx}, scrittas u cofirmadas, tenor rolla e data.","group.dim.meetings.title","Sesidas da {name}","group.dim.meetings.desc","{count} sesidas da {name}{ctx}: tractandas, decisiuns e protocols tenor data.","group.dim.memberships.title","Commembers da {name}","group.dim.memberships.desc","{count} commembranzas en {name}{ctx}: persunas, rollas e periodas.","group.dim.votings.title","Votaziuns da {name}","group.dim.votings.desc","{count} votaziuns en connex cun {name}{ctx}: resultats e datas.","group.index.title","Cumissiuns & gruppas","group.index.desc","Tschertgar tut las {count} cumissiuns, fracziuns, delegaziuns ed auters gremis dals parlaments svizzers e liechtensteinais: commembers, votaziuns e contribuziuns sin {site}.","group.index.searchTitle","«{q}»: Cumissiuns & gruppas","group.index.searchDesc","Resultats da tschertga per «{q}» tranter las cumissiuns e fracziuns. {count} resultats sin {site}.","meeting.tail","Tractanda, votaziuns, discurs, documents e participants da la sesida sin {site}.","meeting.dim.agendas.title","Tractanda da {name}","meeting.dim.agendas.desc","{count} tractandas da la sesida {name}{ctx}: fatschentas e temas en la successiun da tractament.","meeting.dim.votings.title","meeting.dim.votings.desc","{count} votaziuns a la sesida {name}{ctx}: resultats e fatschentas colliadas.","meeting.dim.speeches.title","meeting.dim.speeches.desc","{count} discurs en la sesida {name}{ctx}: tenor uratur e tractanda.","meeting.dim.docs.title","Documents da {name}","meeting.dim.docs.desc","{count} documents da la sesida {name}{ctx}: protocols, sboz e agiuntas.","meeting.dim.events.title","Cronologia da {name}","meeting.dim.events.desc","{count} eveniments durant la sesida {name}{ctx}: etappas e decisiuns.","meeting.dim.contributors.title","Participants da {name}","meeting.dim.contributors.desc","{count} participants e contribuents a la sesida {name}{ctx}: persunas, gremis e rollas.","meeting.index.title","Sesidas","meeting.index.desc","Tschertgar tut las {count} sesidas dal cussegl e da las cumissiuns dals parlaments svizzers e liechtensteinais: tractandas, votaziuns, discurs e documents sin {site}.","meeting.index.searchTitle","«{q}»: Sesidas","meeting.index.searchDesc","Resultats da tschertga per «{q}» tranter las sesidas. {count} resultats sin {site}.","affair.tail","Votaziuns, discurs, documents, texts e la cronologia da la fatschenta sin {site}.","affair.dim.votings.title","Votaziuns davart {name}","affair.dim.votings.desc","{count} votaziuns davart la fatschenta {name}{ctx}: resultats, datas e relaziuns gea/na.","affair.dim.contributors.title","Contribuents a {name}","affair.dim.contributors.desc","{count} persunas e gremis participads a {name}{ctx}: auturs, cofirmaturs e rollas.","affair.dim.speeches.title","Discurs davart {name}","affair.dim.speeches.desc","{count} discurs davart la fatschenta {name}{ctx}: tschertgabel tenor data ed uratur.","affair.dim.docs.title","Documents davart {name}","affair.dim.docs.desc","{count} documents davart la fatschenta {name}{ctx}: rapports, sboz ed agiuntas tenor data e format.","affair.dim.events.title","affair.dim.events.desc","{count} eveniments en il decurs da la fatschenta {name}{ctx}: etappas e decisiuns en successiun cronologica.","affair.dim.texts.title","Texts davart {name}","affair.dim.texts.desc","{count} texts e decrets per la fatschenta {name}{ctx}: disponibels en text cumplet.","affair.index.title","Fatschentas","affair.index.desc","Tschertgar tut las {count} fatschentas parlamentaras dals parlaments svizzers e liechtensteinais: propostas, projects da lescha e deliberaziuns tenor tip e status sin {site}.","affair.index.searchTitle","«{q}»: Fatschentas","affair.index.searchDesc","Resultats da tschertga per «{q}» tranter las fatschentas parlamentaras. {count} resultats sin {site}.","body.tail","Persunas, votaziuns, fatschentas, fidaivladad da fracziun e colliaziuns da lobby sin {site}.","body.dim.people.title","Persunas da {name}","body.dim.people.desc","{count} persunas da {name}{ctx}: parlamentaris, executiva e titulars da mandat cun fracziun e rolla. Tschertgabel.","body.dim.votings.title","body.dim.votings.desc","{count} votaziuns tegnidas en {name}{ctx}: resultats, datas e fatschentas colliadas. Tschertgabel ed exportabel.","body.dim.affairs.title","Fatschentas da {name}","body.dim.affairs.desc","{count} fatschentas parlamentaras da {name}{ctx}: propostas, projects da lescha e deliberaziuns tenor tip e status.","body.dim.docs.title","body.dim.docs.desc","{count} documents da {name}{ctx}: rapports, protocols e sboz, tenor data, format e categoria.","body.dim.texts.title","Texts da {name}","body.dim.texts.desc","{count} texts e decrets da {name}{ctx}: text cumplet, tschertgabel tenor data e tip.","body.dim.loyalty.title","Fidaivladad da fracziun en {name}","body.dim.loyalty.desc","Quant coerent che las fracziuns en {name}{ctx} votan: fidaivladad da fracziun e divergenza per commember.","body.dim.alignment.title","Proximitad da votaziun en {name}","body.dim.alignment.desc","Tgi vota cun tgi en {name}{ctx}: accordanza en il cumportament da votar tranter ils commembers.","body.dim.lobby.title","Rait da lobby da {name}","body.dim.lobby.desc","Interess declarads e cartas d'access enturn {name}{ctx}: tgi ch'è collià cun tgi.","body.dim.discussion.title","Profils da discurs en {name}","body.dim.discussion.desc","Posiziunament basà sin pleds dals commembers da {name}{ctx}: scalaziun Wordfish da lur discurs sin in ax latent.","body.index.title","Parlaments","body.index.desc","Tschertgar tut ils {count} parlaments ed instituziuns da la Svizra e dal Liechtenstein, federals, chantunals e communals: commembers, votaziuns, fatschentas e dapli sin {site}.","body.index.searchTitle","«{q}»: Parlaments","body.index.searchDesc","Resultats da tschertga per «{q}» tranter ils parlaments ed instituziuns da la Svizra e dal Liechtenstein. {count} resultats sin {site}.","dataset.desc","{label} per {scope}: datas parlamentaras svizras avertas sco JSON, CSV u Excel. 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partida e fracziun.","chart_export","Exportar","chart_export_title","Exportar il diagram","chart_export_failed","Export betg reussì.","chart_exporting","Exportar…","chart_download","Telechargiar","chart_close","chart_fullscreen","chart_title","chart_title_ph","Titel opziunal","chart_subtitle","Suttitel","chart_subtitle_ph","Suttitel opziunal","chart_colors","Colurs & etichettas","chart_color_for","Colur per","chart_label_for","Etichetta per","chart_reset","chart_order","chart_output","Output","chart_format","chart_theme","Design","chart_theme_light","Cler","chart_theme_dark","Stgir","chart_size","Grondezza","chart_options","Opziuns","chart_show_legend","Mussar la legenda","chart_transparent","Fund transparent","chart_interactive","Interactiv","chart_credits","Indicaziun da la funtauna","voting_chart_no_votes","voting_chart_seats","sezs","voting_chart_no_seatmap","Naginas datas dals sezs disponiblas.","voting_chart_col_person","Persuna","voting_chart_col_party","voting_chart_col_group","voting_chart_col_vote","voting_chart_by_party","Vusch tenor partida","voting_chart_by_party_seats","Sezs tenor partida","voting_chart_colour_by","Colurar ils sezs tenor","voting_chart_majority","Maioritad","voting_chart_edit","Modifitgar & exportar","voting_chart_seat_note","Las posiziuns dals sezs èn illustrativas, betg la disposiziun reala da la chombra. Avra l'editur per reorganisar las colurs, las etichettas e la successiun, ed exportar.","speeches_title","speeches_loading","speech_person","Uratur","speech_body","Instituziun","speech_affair","speech_meeting","groups_title","no_groups","Naginas gruppas chattadas.","group_untitled","Gruppa senza titel","section_meetings","no_meetings","Naginas sesidas registradas.","view_all_meetings","Mussar tuttas sesidas","meetings_title","meeting_untitled","meeting_upcoming","Vegnenta","facet_time","Cura","facet_upcoming","facet_past","Passada","group_abbreviation","Scursanida","group_description","Descripziun","group_official_record","Pagina uffiziala","group_contact","member_unknown","section_votings","interests_title","interest_details","Detagls","interest_person","Declarà da","interest_body","Gremi concedent","interest_role","interest_type","interest_group","interest_place","Lieu","interest_period","Perioda","meeting_details","meeting_type","meeting_state","meeting_number","meeting_location","meeting_period","meeting_group","meeting_body","group_type","description","controls_search_placeholder_meetings","Tschertgar sesidas …","controls_search_hint_meetings","Num, lieu u descripziun","section_agendas","no_agendas","Naginas tractandas.","view_all_agendas","Mussar tuttas tractandas","agenda_untitled","speech_speaker_unknown","video","doc_untitled","Document","doc_body","doc_affair","doc_meeting","doc_agenda","section_contributors","Contribuents","no_contributors","Nagins contribuents.","view_all_contributors","Mussar tut ils contribuents","sort_number","topics_title","Ils pleds ils pli duvrads","topics_intro","Ils pleds che questa persuna dovra il pli savens en ses discurs, senza ils pleds da farsa frequents. La grondezza da la plattina mussa quant savens in pled vegn duvrà.","topics_all_time","Total il temp","topics_last_4y","Ils davos 4 onns","topics_last_8y","Ils davos 8 onns","topics_from","topics_to","topics_speeches","discurs","topics_words","pleds (filtrads)","topics_distinct","pleds distincts","topics_uses","utilisaziuns","topics_alt","Charta d'arber dals {count} pleds ils pli duvrads, la grondezza tenor la frequenza. {ctx}","topics_table_alt","Tabella dals {count} pleds ils pli duvrads e quant savens mintgin vegn duvrà. {ctx}","topics_table_toggle","Mussar sco tabella","topics_table_word","Pled","topics_empty","Nagins discurs cun text utilisabel en questa perioda. Emprova d'engrondir il rom.","loyalty_title","Fidaivladad da fracziun","loyalty_subtitle","Part da las vuschs ch'in commember dat cunter la lingia da maioritad da sia fracziun (pli aut = pli independent). Las abstenziuns valan sco posiziun.","loyalty_axis","Quota da divergenza: part da las vuschs cunter la atgna fracziun","loyalty_dissent","divergenza","loyalty_ballots","vuschs","loyalty_empty","Naginas vuschs en questa perioda cumplenischan las valurs limita per in punctual da fidaivladad. Engrondescha il rom.","loyalty_chart_alt","Diagram da svarm d'avieuls da la quota da divergenza da {count} commembers, in punct per commember, colurà tenor partida. {ctx}","loyalty_table_alt","Tabella da {count} commembers cun lur vuschs, divergenzas e quota da divergenza. {ctx}","loyalty_col_member","loyalty_col_party","loyalty_col_group","loyalty_col_ballots","loyalty_col_dissents","Cunter","loyalty_col_rate","Divergenza","loyalty_from","loyalty_to","loyalty_scale","Scala","loyalty_scale_log","Log","loyalty_scale_linear","Linear","loyalty_filters","Filters","cohesion_title","Coesiun da la fracziun","cohesion_hint","index d'accordanza mesaun (1 = unanim)","section_alignment","Proximitad da votaziun","no_alignment","Betg avunda vuschs cuminaivlas per cumparegliar.","view_all_alignment","Mussar la proximitad da votaziun cumpletta","alignment_agreed_of_shared","concordant en {agreed} da {shared} vuschs cuminaivlas","sort_agreement","Accordanza","sort_shared","Vuschs cuminaivlas","facet_min_shared","Min. cuminaivlas","min_shared_10","≥ 10","min_shared_20","≥ 20","min_shared_50","≥ 50","min_shared_100","≥ 100","section_body_alignment","body_alignment_subtitle","Co ils commembers da questa chombra votan in relaziun a l'auter, sin basa da las vuschs ch'els han cuminaivel. Sin la charta sesan commembers che votan a moda sumeglianta datiers in a l'auter, ed adversaris dalunga. Las colurs represchentan las partidas, uschè che blocs e coaliziuns cumparan sco cluster. La grilia mussa l'accordanza media tranter mintga pèr da partidas (la diagonala è la coesiun interna da mintga partida).","alignment_from","alignment_to","alignment_view","Vista","alignment_view_scatter","Charta","alignment_view_heatmap","Grilia da las partidas","alignment_empty","Betg avunda vuschs en quest rom per construir il model.","alignment_window_note","Il pli expressiv entaifer ina suletta perioda legislativa: il model cumpareglia ils commembers sin basa da las vuschs ch'els han cuminaivel. Sche'l rom cumpiglia in'elecziun u ina midada da cumposiziun, sa cuvran commembers cun mandats differents apaina, e las posiziuns daventan main cumparegliablas.","alignment_no_parties","Naginas partidas da cumparegliar en quest rom.","alignment_scatter_alt","Diagram da dispersiun da {count} commembers, plazzads tenor la sumeglientscha da lur vuschs, colurà tenor partida. {ctx}","alignment_pairs","pèrs","alignment_heatmap_note","Mintga cella è l'accordanza media tranter ils commembers da las duas partidas (diagonala = coesiun interna d'ina partida). ± è il rom da confidenza da 95% e n il dumber dals pèrs da commembers che stattan davos. In pitschen rom sur blers pèrs munta che la proximitad è bain fundada; in rom vast munta be in indizi.","alignment_heatmap_alt","Grilia da l'accordanza media da votar tranter {count} partidas. {ctx}","alignment_members_heading","Commembers","alignment_members_table_alt","Tabella da {count} commembers cun lur accordanza cun la chombra e cun la atgna partida. {ctx}","alignment_col_member","alignment_col_party","alignment_col_votes","alignment_col_chamber","Proxim a la chombra","alignment_col_party_align","Entaifer la partida","alignment_zoom_in","Zoom en","alignment_zoom_out","Zoom or","alignment_zoom_reset","Reponer il zoom","alignment_filters","section_lobby","Rait da lobby","lobby_subtitle","Las organisaziuns ch'ils commembers da questa chombra declaran en lur register d'interess, e nua che questas colliaziuns sa cruschan. En la rait èn ils commembers punct (colurads tenor partida) e las organisaziuns che dus u dapli commembers dividan èn quaders. Commembers che dividan las medemas organisaziuns sa tiran ensemen. La partiziun mussa quantas mandats èn pajads u nunpajads, e tgi che ha ils pli blers.","lobby_empty","Nagins interess declarads per questa chombra en quest rom.","lobby_no_shared","Naginas organisaziuns vegnan dividas da dus u dapli commembers qua. Vesair la partiziun.","lobby_network_alt","Grafic da rait cun {members} commembers e las {orgs} organisaziuns ch'els dividan, colliads tras interess declarads. {ctx}","lobby_mandates","mandats","lobby_members_tied","commembers","lobby_unknown","Nunenconuschent","lobby_org_node","Organisaziun","lobby_payment_heading","Mandats pajads vs. nunpajads","lobby_top_orgs","Organisaziuns las pli dividas","lobby_top_members","Commembers tenor mandats","discussion_title","Profils da discurs","discussion_intro","Nua ch'ils commembers sesan sin in ax latent, derivà sulettamain dals pleds ch'els dovran en lur discurs (scalaziun Wordfish).","discussion_calculating","Scalar ils discurs…","lobby_calculating","Calcular la rait da lobby…","discussion_error","La scalaziun dals discurs n'ha betg pudì vegnir calculada.","discussion_converged","Il model ha convergì","discussion_not_converged","Il model n'ha betg cumplettamain convergì. Legia las posiziuns cun spezial precauziun.","discussion_members_scored","Commembers valitads","discussion_vocab","Vocabulari","discussion_window","Fanestra da temp","discussion_show_all","discussion_show_reliable","Mo ils fidads","discussion_methodology","Co quai vegn calculà","discussion_range_label","Rom da temp","discussion_range_1y","1 onn","discussion_range_2y","2 onns","discussion_range_4y","4 onns","discussion_range_8y","8 onns","discussion_plot_alt","Diagram da svarm d'avieuls da {count} commembers plazzads lung in ax da la tscherna dals pleds, in punct per commember. {ctx}","discussion_plot_caption","Mintga punct è in commember, plazzà tenor ils pleds ch'el dovra en ses discurs. Commembers che dovran ils medems pleds caracteristics sesan datiers in a l'auter; commembers che discurran fitg differentamain sesan dalunga. La posiziun d'in commember na vegn pia betg attribuida da nus; ella resulta da co el discurra propi. Per exempel: tgi che di adina «taglia», «budget» e «expensas» stat dalunga da tgi che di surtut «asil», «cunfin» ed «integraziun». Passa cun il mieus sur in punct per ils detagls. Puncts emplenids han avunda text da discurs per ina plazzada fidada; roncs vids han discurrì memia pauc, lur posiziun è da leger cun precauziun.","discussion_empty","Nagins discurs èn disponibels per quest parlament, uschè ch'ils commembers na pon betg vegnir plazzads sin l'ax. Questa scalaziun legia ils pleds ch'ils commembers discurran propi, e'l set da datas cuntegna protocols da discurs mo per pauc parlaments: las chombras federalas ed intgins chantuns sco Berna, Basilea-Citad u Son Gagl. Ti pos er empruvar in rom da temp pli lung survart.","discussion_empty_sparse","I dat memia pauc text da protocol da discurs per quest parlament per plazzar ses commembers sin l'ax. Emprova in rom da temp pli lung survart.","discussion_pole_a","In pol","discussion_pole_b","Auter pol","discussion_col_party","discussion_key_filled","Avunda text (fidà)","discussion_key_ring","Sut la limita da pleds (pauca segirezza)","discussion_align_title","Suonda l'ax la partida?","discussion_align_hint","Quant da la dispersiun da las posiziuns vegn declerà tras l'appartegnientscha a la partida (η²): 100% = las partidas èn perfetgamain separadas, ~0% = la partida na di nagut.","discussion_align_strong","las partidas èn cleramain separadas","discussion_align_moderate","las partidas èn per part separadas","discussion_align_weak","la partida declera l'ax apaina","discussion_poles_title","Da tge ch'è fatg l'ax","discussion_poles_hint","Ils pleds che tiran ils commembers il pli ferm vers mintga pol. L'ax munta insatge pir cur che ti legias quels. Sia direcziun è arbitrara.","discussion_no_party","Nagina partida","discussion_col_name","discussion_col_position","Posiziun","discussion_col_words","Pleds","discussion_col_speeches","discussion_low_confidence","pauca segirezza","discussion_table_title","discussion_table_alt","Tabella da {count} commembers cun lur posiziun sin l'ax da la tscherna dals pleds. {ctx}","discussion_read_title","Co leger quai","discussion_read_direction","La direcziun da l'ax è arbitrara: Wordfish chatta la separaziun, betg tge vart ch'è «sanester» u «dretg». Legia ils pols dals pleds per vesair tge che mintga vart munta.","discussion_read_uncertainty","Las posiziuns èn standardisadas, la dispersiun è pia ina convenziun, betg ina distanza reala. Bars d'errur pli vasts (e puncts vids) muntan main segirezza, na surinterpretescha pia betg quels commembers.","discussion_read_confound","Il stil da discurs reflectescha la rolla uschè bain sco l'ideologia: presidents da cumissiun, ministers ed uraturs frequents pon arrivar sin in pol pervia da quai ch'els fan, betg mo pervia da quai ch'els crain.","organizations_title","organizations_none","Naginas organisaziuns.","org_members","org_mandates","org_bodies","gremis","org_members_heading","org_members_table_alt","Tabella da {count} commembers cun lur partida, gremi, rolla, pajament e perioda. {ctx}","org_no_members","Nagins commembers.","org_col_member","org_col_party","org_col_body","org_col_role","org_col_payment","Pajament","org_col_period","sort_members","sort_mandates","Mandats","interest_unknown","lobby_panel_person","Organisaziuns declaradas","lobby_panel_org","Commembers cun quest mandat","lobby_table_heading","Tgi è collià cun tge","lobby_table_explain","La matrix cumpletta marchescha mintga commember cunter mintga organisaziun dividida: in punct per colliaziun declarada, la vista cumpletta da tgi ch'è collià cun tge.","lobby_table_large","Per questa chombra è quai","lobby_table_cells","cellas","lobby_table_show","Mussar la tabella","lobby_table_alt","Tabella che marchescha mintgin dals {count} commembers cunter las {orgs} organisaziuns cun las qualas els èn colliads, in punct per colliaziun declarada. {ctx}","lobby_select_hint","Tscherna in commember u ina organisaziun per vesair sias colliaziuns.","lobby_filters","lobby_error","La rait da lobbying n'ha betg pudì vegnir calculada.","lobby_clear_selection","Annullar la selecziun","close","not_found_person","Persuna betg chattada","not_found_body","Parlament betg chattà","not_found_affair","Fatschenta betg chattada","not_found_group","Cumissiun u gruppa betg chattada","not_found_voting","Votaziun betg chattada","not_found_meeting","Sesida betg chattada","not_found_interest","Interess betg chattà","not_found_organization","Organisaziun betg chattada","not_found_text","Text betg chattà","not_found_doc","Document betg chattà","not_found_speech","Discurs betg chattà","not_found_hint","I na dat nagina endataziun cun l'ID {id}. Ella è forsa vegnida allontanada, u la colliaziun è surannada.","not_found_back","Enavos a la survista","about","Davart","faq","FAQ","section_title","section_title_bodies","section_title_affairs","section_title_votings","section_title_texts","section_title_docs","section_subtitle_search","section_subtitle_discussion",{"_1588":1589,"_1606":776,"_1607":1608,"_1609":1610,"_1611":962,"_1612":536,"_1593":338,"_79":540,"_1613":543,"_1595":671,"_1614":1615,"_1616":747,"_1617":298,"_75":308,"_1591":448,"_19":318,"_77":546,"_82":328,"_1618":1070,"_1619":1202,"_1620":1237,"_1621":1202,"_1622":1623,"_1624":1202,"_1625":1626,"_1627":536,"_1628":338,"_1629":1202,"_1630":1610,"_1631":540,"_1596":415,"_1632":348,"_1201":1202,"_1633":654,"_1214":1202,"_73":551,"_1634":1423,"_1635":1280,"_1636":1318,"_1637":1615,"_1638":1407,"_1597":358,"_1639":1399,"_1640":1202},"section_switcher",{"_1586":1587,"_1588":1589,"_1590":298,"_71":492,"_75":308,"_1591":448,"_1592":383,"_1593":338,"_82":328,"_1594":318,"_1595":348,"_1596":415,"_1597":358,"_1598":1599,"_1600":1601,"_1602":1603,"_1604":1605},"section_title_speeches","section_title_groups","section_title_interests","section_title_meetings","section_title_organizations","label_section","Secziun","home","Partenza","people","affairs","groups","speeches","documents","interests","meetings","organizations","group_parliament","Acturs","group_proceedings","Activitads","group_records","Actas","group_lobbying","Lobbying","search","eyebrow","Datas davart {{name}}","overview","Survista","personal_data","votes","memberships","access_badges","Lobby","images","members","texts_overview","text_details","docs_overview","doc_details","votings_overview","Votaziun","voting_details","voting_diagram","Diagram","voting_tally","speeches_overview","speech_details","groups_overview","contributions","interests_overview","meetings_overview","vocabulary","loyalty","alignment","lobby","discussion","organizations_overview","org_details",{"_1698":1699,"_1700":1701,"_1642":1702,"_249":1703},"intro",{"_1644":1645,"_1646":1647,"_1648":1649,"_1650":1651,"_1652":1653,"_1654":1655,"_1656":1657},"en",{"_1658":1693,"_1660":1694,"_1662":1695,"_1664":1696,"_1666":1697},"de",{"_1658":1688,"_1660":1689,"_1662":1690,"_1664":1691,"_1666":1692},"fr",{"_1658":1683,"_1660":1684,"_1662":1685,"_1664":1686,"_1666":1687},"it",{"_1658":1678,"_1660":1679,"_1662":1680,"_1664":1681,"_1666":1682},"es",{"_1658":1673,"_1660":1674,"_1662":1675,"_1664":1676,"_1666":1677},"pt",{"_1658":1668,"_1660":1669,"_1662":1670,"_1664":1671,"_1666":1672},"rm",{"_1658":1659,"_1660":1661,"_1662":1663,"_1664":1665,"_1666":1667},"cookie","Nus duvrain mo cookies essenzials e funcziunals. Nagina analitica, nagin tracking.","dataLang","La Svizra ha quatter linguas naziunalas, e questas datas datti en pliras da quellas. Intgins records èn plurilings, auters mo en ina lingua. Vus pudais tscherner en tge lingua ch'il cuntegn vegn mussà; sche vossa tscherna n'è betg disponibla per in record, vegnan duvradas las autras linguas en in urden da prioritad fix. Quai è independent da la lingua da l'interfatscha. As lascha reglar sut Configuraziuns › Lingua dal cuntegn (sura a dretga).","alt","Questa pagina è era disponibla per rumantsch.","switch","Mussar per rumantsch","dismiss","Betg pli mussar","Utilizamos apenas cookies essenciais e funcionais. Sem análises, sem rastreio.","A Suíça tem quatro línguas nacionais, e estes dados existem em várias delas. Alguns registos estão em várias línguas, outros apenas numa. Pode escolher em que idioma os conteúdos são apresentados; quando a sua escolha não está disponível para um registo, as restantes línguas são usadas por uma ordem de prioridade fixa. Isto é independente do idioma da interface. Configure em Definições › Idioma dos conteúdos (canto superior direito).","Esta página também está disponível em português.","Ver em português","Não mostrar novamente","Solo utilizamos cookies esenciales y funcionales. Sin análisis, sin seguimiento.","Suiza tiene cuatro lenguas nacionales, y estos datos existen en varias de ellas. Algunos registros están en varias lenguas, otros en una sola. Puede elegir en qué idioma se muestra el contenido; cuando su elección no está disponible para un registro, se utilizan las demás lenguas en un orden de prioridad fijo. Esto es independiente del idioma de la interfaz. Configúrelo en Ajustes › Idioma del contenido (arriba a la derecha).","Esta página también está disponible en español.","Ver en español","No volver a mostrar","Utilizziamo solo cookie essenziali e funzionali. Nessuna analisi, nessun tracciamento.","La Svizzera ha quattro lingue nazionali e questi dati esistono in diverse di esse. Alcune voci sono in più lingue, altre in una sola. Puoi scegliere in quale lingua mostrare i contenuti; se la tua scelta non è disponibile per una voce, vengono usate le altre lingue secondo un ordine di priorità prestabilito. Questo è indipendente dalla lingua dell'interfaccia. Impostabile in Impostazioni › Lingua del contenuto (in alto a destra).","Questa pagina è disponibile anche in italiano.","Vedi in italiano","Non mostrare più","Nous utilisons uniquement des cookies essentiels et fonctionnels. Aucune analyse, aucun suivi.","La Suisse a quatre langues nationales, et ces données existent dans plusieurs d'entre elles. Certaines entrées sont en plusieurs langues, d'autres dans une seule. Vous pouvez choisir la langue d'affichage du contenu ; si votre choix n'est pas disponible pour une entrée, les autres langues sont utilisées selon un ordre de priorité défini. Ceci est indépendant de la langue de l'interface. Réglable dans Paramètres › Langue du contenu (en haut à droite).","Cette page est aussi disponible en français.","Voir en français","Ne plus afficher","Wir verwenden nur essenzielle, funktionale Cookies. Keine Analyse, kein Tracking.","Die Schweiz hat vier Landessprachen, und diese Daten liegen in mehreren davon vor. Manche Einträge sind mehrsprachig, andere nur in einer Sprache. Sie können wählen, in welcher Sprache die Inhalte angezeigt werden; ist Ihre Wahl für einen Eintrag nicht verfügbar, werden die übrigen Sprachen in einer festen Prioritätsreihenfolge verwendet. Dies ist unabhängig von der Oberflächensprache. 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Set it under Settings › Content language (top right).","This page is also available in English.","View in English","Don't show again","settings",{"_1766":1767,"_1768":1769,"_1770":1125,"_1771":1772,"_1773":1127,"_1774":1129,"_1775":1776,"_1777":1778,"_1779":1780,"_1781":1782,"_1783":1784,"_601":602,"_1785":1786,"_1787":1788,"_1789":1790,"_1791":1792,"_1793":1794},"nav",{"_1588":1712,"_1713":1714,"_1715":652,"_1716":1717,"_1718":1719,"_1598":1599,"_1600":1601,"_1602":1603,"_1604":1605,"_1590":298,"_71":492,"_1592":383,"_1591":448,"_75":308,"_1596":415,"_1593":338,"_82":328,"_1594":318,"_1595":348,"_1597":358,"_1720":1705,"_1721":1722,"_1566":1567,"_1723":1724,"_1568":1569,"_1725":1726,"_1727":1728,"_1729":1730,"_1731":1732,"_1733":1734,"_1735":1736,"_1737":1738,"_1739":1740,"_1741":1742,"_1743":1744,"_1745":1746,"_1747":1748,"_1749":1750,"_1751":1752,"_1753":1754,"_1755":1756,"_1757":1758,"_1759":1709,"_1760":1761,"_1762":1763,"_1764":1765},{"_1658":1659,"_1660":1661,"_1662":1663,"_1664":1665,"_1666":1667},{"_1704":1705,"_1706":1707,"_1708":1709,"_1710":1711},"project.title","Project","project.desc","Davart parlhub: tge ch'il portal è, respostas a dumondas frequentas, e co che las datas van ensemen.","experiments.title","Experiments","experiments.desc","Analisas experimentalas e demonstraziuns metodologicas sin parlhub, inclusiv la skalaziun Wordfish da parlaments a partir da lur discurs.","parlhub pagina da partenza","skip_to_content","Sursiglir al cuntegn principal","explore","start","Cumenzar qua","start_desc","Colliaziuns svletas a chombras, chantuns e vischnancas","project","project_desc","Il project en in tup d'egl","about_desc","Tge che parlhub è e tgi che stat davos","faq_desc","Respostas a dumondas frequentas","sustainability","Durabilitad","sustainability_desc","Co che parlhub vegn hostà e tge quai custa a la planeta","accessibility","Accessibladad","accessibility_desc","Tge che funcziuna, tge betg, e co annunziar ina barriera","traffic_stats","Statistica dal traffic","traffic_stats_desc","Tge parts da la pagina vegnan dumandadas, e da tgi","imprint","Impressum","imprint_desc","Tgi che gestiunescha parlhub, contact e licenzas","github","GitHub","github_desc","Il code da funtauna dal project sin GitHub","data_guide","Guida da las datas","data_guide_desc","Mintga tip da datas, declerà simplamain, cun exempels","data_map","Charta da las datas","data_map_desc","Co che las datas van ensemen, en in tup d'egl","methodology","Metodologia","methodology_desc","Co che mintga valur vegn calculada, cun colliaziuns tar il code","experiments","experiments_desc","Analisas experimentalas e descripziuns da la metodologia","wordfish","Skalaziun Wordfish","wordfish_desc","Plazzar commembers sin in ass tenor ils pleds da lur discurs","menu_label","Configuraziuns","appearance","Apparientscha","theme","theme_system","Sistem","theme_light","theme_dark","font_size","Grondezza da la scrittira","font_size_decrease","Empitschnir la scrittira","font_size_increase","Engrondir la scrittira","high_contrast","Cuntrast aut","grayscale","Stgalas da gris","interface_language","Interfatscha","content_language","Lingua dal cuntegn","content_language_auto","Automatic (suonda l'interfatscha)","content_language_note","Lingua da las datas mussadas (nums, titels, texts). Independenta da l'interfatscha; sche in record n'è betg disponibel, vegn duvrada la proxima lingua.","content_language_priority","Prioritad",{"_1770":1796,"_1775":1797,"_1798":206,"_1799":199,"_1800":199,"_1801":206,"_1802":-5},"system",100,"show_cookie_consent_message","ui_high_contrast","ui_grayscale","msg_lang_hint","content_lang"]