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1. Es gilt, die demokratische Forderung \"one man - one vote\" in die Tat umzusetzen. Robert Dahl [Dahl Robert A. (1989). Democracy and Its Critics. New Haven/London, Yale University Press] versteht unter dem Prinzip der \"inclusion\" das Recht der demokratischen Mitwirkung aller Mitglieder der Gesellschaft am politischen Geschehen. Der Ausschluss der unter 18-Jährigen vom Stimmrecht läuft dieser Forderung zuwider. Deshalb gilt es, durch Einbeziehen der Kinder und Jugendlichen einerseits die Allgemeinheit der Wahl zu gewährleisten und anderseits die demokratische Legitimation politischer Volksentscheidungen zu erhöhen. Der Souverän würde um 16 bis 18 Prozent an Repräsentativität gewinnen.

2. Die neue Bundesverfassung schreibt in Artikel 2 die Förderung der nachhaltigen Entwicklung und die dauerhafte Erhaltung der natürlichen Lebensgrundlagen vor. Durch den Ausschluss gerade derjenigen Bevölkerungsgruppe, die in Zukunft am stärksten von Folgen heutiger Entscheidungen betroffen sein wird, kann dieser Forderung nicht entsprochen werden. Zu deren Erfüllung braucht es die Mitwirkung der zukünftigen Generation an Entscheidungen und Problemlösungen der Gegenwart. Nur so kann echt Nachhaltigkeit erreicht werden.

3. Artikel 8 der neuen Bundesverfassung betont die Rechtsgleichheit aller Menschen, auch der jungen Menschen; insbesondere Absatz 2 macht die Negierung jeglicher Diskriminierungen deutlich. Es ist deshalb unverständlich, weshalb trotz Verbot der Diskriminierung aufgrund des Alters einem grossen Teil der Bevölkerung das Stimmrecht vorenthalten wird.

4. Die Vertretung der Kinder durch ihre Eltern bei der Stimmabgabe ist grundsätzlich nichts Neues. Zivilrechtlich sind die Eltern bis zur Mündigkeit der Kinder für jene verantwortlich. Die meisten Entscheidungen im Leben eines Kindes werden von den Eltern gefällt. Weshalb soll in diesem Verantwortungsbereich das Stimm- und Wahlrecht ausgeschlossen sein? Nach Artikel 11 Absätze 1 und 2 ZGB beginnt die Rechtsfähigkeit des Menschen bereits von Geburt an. Im Erbschaftsfall oder bei einer Klage aufgrund einer Verletzung der ärztlichen Sorgfaltspflicht bei der Entbindung tritt das Kind als Rechtssubjekt auf und wird von seinen Eltern vertreten. Gleich sollte beim Familienstimmrecht vorgegangen werden. Das Stimmrecht steht dem Kind von Geburt an zu, wird jedoch bis zum Erreichen des Stimmrechtsalters 18 stellvertretend von den Eltern ausgeübt. Die Vertretung kennen wir auch vom staatspolitischen Aufbau der Schweiz her. Als Repräsentanten des Volkes sollen zum Beispiel die Mitglieder des Nationalrates die einzelnen Gruppen und Schichten, aus denen sie stammen, vertreten. Demnach sind Parlamentsentscheide auch Stellvertreterentscheide.

5. Das Familienstimmrecht hilft mit, die Interessen von Familien in die Politik einzubringen, denn die Familien besitzen keine finanzkräftige Lobby, welche die langfristigen und allgemeinen Interessen zu organisieren und unterstützen vermag. So kann der Stellenwert der Familie in der Gesellschaft gestärkt werden. Generell wird eine familienfreundlichere Politik ermöglicht. Politiker sind vermehrt gezwungen, die Interessen von Familien und Kindern in ihren Entscheiden zu antizipieren, um das neu hinzugekommene Wählersegment bei den nächsten Wahlen für sich zu gewinnen. In der heutigen Situation muss nicht auf die Kinder und Jugendlichen Rücksicht genommen werden, denn diese sind schliesslich nicht in der Lage, die Politiker oder Parteien mit ihrer Stimme zu belohnen.

6. Durch die Ausweitung des Wählerkreises ist eine bessere und vor allem frühere Politisierung möglich. Irgendwann wollen die Kinder von ihren Eltern wissen, was sie eigentlich auf \"ihren\" Stimmzettel schreiben. Möglicherweise werden die Heranwachsenden anderer Ansicht sein als ihre Eltern. Die treuhänderische Ausübung des Stimmrechts schafft aber überhaupt Anlass, Wahlen und Sachabstimmungen im Familienkreis zum Thema zu machen. Anliegen der Kinder können so aufgenommen und in der Abstimmung von den Erziehungsberechtigten berücksichtigt werden. Dies führt einerseits zu einer vertieften familiären Gesprächskultur und anderseits aufgrund dieser frühen Politisierung zu grösserer politischer Partizipation nach Erreichen des Stimmrechtsalters. Die politische Erziehung in der Schule bekäme einen neuen Stellenwert, denn was heute erst in weiterführenden Schulen echte Brisanz durch das Stimmrecht erhält, könnte dann früher, also bereits in der obligatorischen Schulzeit, an Wichtigkeit gewinnen.

7. Sobald eine Neuerung eingeführt werden will, führen die Kritiker die Frage der finanziellen Verträglichkeit ins Feld. Ausser dem Druck und Versand von gegen 20 Prozent mehr Stimm- und Wahlzetteln würde kein Mehraufwand entstehen.

8. Mit der Einführung des Familienstimmrechts kann zudem einer Asymmetrie im bei der direktdemokratischen Vertretung begegnet werden. In eidgenössischen Abstimmungen sind Mitglieder sozial schwächerer Gesellschaftsschichten chronisch untervertreten. Da kinderreiche Familien leider oft diesen Schichten entstammen, wird durch die Stärkung der Familie gleichzeitig die Repräsentation dieser Schichten verbessert.

9. Kinderreichtum bedeutet für den Durchschnittsbürger oft sozialen Abstieg aufgrund enormer Mehrausgaben, Wohnungsproblemen oder Verschlechterung von beruflichen Karrierechancen. Es ist deshalb nicht einsichtig, dass den Eltern, die bis zur Volljährigkeit der Kinder alle möglichen Pflichten, Verantwortungen, Haftungen und gesetzlichen Vertretungen für die Heranwachsenden übernehmen, ausgerechnet die Ausübung des Stimm- und Wahlrechts für ihre Kinder vorenthalten wird. Die Eltern haben das Recht darauf, für ihre Anliegen gebührenden politischen Respekt zu erhalten und mit der Kraft ihrer anvertrauten Kinder in das politische Geschehen einzugreifen.

10. Namhafte Wissenschafter, wie Prof. Dr. Wolf Linder [Linder Wolf (1993). Ein Stimmrecht für Kinder! Erschienen im \"Bund\" vom 10.04.1993. Sowie Linder Wolf (1999). Schweizerische Demokratie. Institutionen - Prozesse - Perspektiven. Bern/Stuttgart/Wien. Verlag Paul Haupt] vom Institut für Politikwissenschaft in Bern, Prof. Dr. Konrad Löw [Löw Konrad (1974). Das Selbstverständnis des Grundgesetzes und wirklich allgemeine Wahlen. In: Politische Studien 1974, S. 199ff.] von der Universität Bayreuth (D) oder Ministerialdirektor a. D. Prof. Dr. Max Wingen [Wingen Max, Internet: http://die-neue-ordnung.de/99-53/2/2-99-53-05.html] plädieren schon seit Jahren für die Einführung des Familienstimmrechts. Die Diskussion spielt sich jedoch hauptsächlich in Deutschland ab. Dort wurde das Familienwahlrecht in katholischen Pfarrgemeinden schon eingeführt. Auch Politiker verschiedenster Couleur, wie z.B. die Hamburger Senatorin Lore Maria Peschel-Gutzeit (SPD) [Peschel-Gutzeit Lore Maria (1997). Unvollständige Legitimation der Staatsgewalt oder: Geht alle Staatsgewalt nur vom volljährigen Volk aus? In: Neue Juristische Wochenschrift, Heft 43, 1997] oder Wilfried Böhm, Mitglied des Bundestags (CDU), [Böhm Wilfried (1992). Ja zum Familienwahlrecht: Ein Mensch - eine Stimme! Pressemitteilung, Nr. 42/92, vom 29.07.1999] fordern die Einführung. Letztes Jahr hat Beat Kappeler [Kappeler Beat (1998). Stimmrecht für alle - von Geburt an! In: \"Weltwoche\" Nr. 7, vom 12.02.1998] in der \"Weltwoche\" das Thema aufgegriffen und wieder in den Mittelpunkt des öffentlichen Interesses gestellt.

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Gestützt auf Artikel 93 Absatz 1 der Bundesverfassung und Artikel 21bis des Geschäftsverkehrsgesetzes reiche ich folgende Parlamentarische Initiative in der Form eines ausgearbeiteten Entwurfs ein:

Die Eltern üben das Stimm- und aktive Wahlrecht ihrer Kinder bis zum Erreichen des Stimmrechtsalters 18 treuhänderisch aus. Die Stimmabgabe wird unabhängig vom Kind, mit zunehmendem Alter jedoch mit dessen Einbezug getroffen.

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funtauna","party_source_prefix","Funtauna","age","Vegliadetgna","section_mandate","Mandat","section_personal","Persunal","section_contact","Contact","section_also_active","Er activ en","section_references","Referenzas & funtauna","function","Funcziun","Partida","parliamentary_group","Fracziun","parliament","Parlament","electoral_district","Circul electoral","chamber_sector","Chombra / sectur","seat_no","Numer da sez","parliament_page","Pagina dal parlament","official_profile","Profil uffizial","gender","Schlattaina","born","Naschì","died","Mort","marital_status","Stadi civil","occupation","Professiun","language","Lingua","email","E-mail","phone","Telefon","address","Adressa","website","Website","wikidata","Wikidata","source_body","Gremi da funtauna","source_updated","Funtauna actualisada","record_updated","Registraziun actualisada","first_imported","Emprim importà","section_votes","Cumportament da votar","no_votes","Naginas vuschs registradas.","result","Resultat","tally_yes","Gea","tally_no","Na","tally_abstention","Absten.","tally_absent","Absent","voting_untitled","Votaziun senza titel","vote_unknown","—","showing","Mussar","of","da","pager_prev","Enavos","pager_next","Enavant","pagination","Paginaziun","view_all_votes","Mussar il cumportament da votar cumplet","data_source","Datas","meeting","Sesida","section_access_badges","no_access_badges","Naginas cartas d'access emessas.","badge_type_fallback","Carta d'access","badge_type_lobbyist","Lobbist","badge_guest_unknown","Giast senza num","badge_since","dapi","badge_until","fin","view_all_access_badges","Mussar tuttas cartas d'access","section_interests","Colliaziuns d'interess","no_interests","Naginas colliaziuns d'interess registradas.","interest_untitled","Colliaziun d'interess senza num","interest_ex_officio","d'uffizi","interest_paid","Pajà","interest_unpaid","Nunpajà","interest_payment_unknown","interest_declaration","Decleraziun","interest_website","Website da l'organisaziun","interest_since","interest_until","view_all_interests","Mussar tuttas colliaziuns d'interess","section_contributions","no_contributions","Naginas contribuziuns registradas.","contrib_role_unknown","Participaziun","contrib_target_affair","Fatschenta","contrib_target_meeting","contrib_target_group","Gruppa","contrib_target_session","Sessiun","contrib_target_news","Novitads","contrib_target_unknown","Contribuziun","view_all_contributions","Mussar tuttas contribuziuns","contrib_number_prefix","Nr.","contrib_source","Funtauna uffiziala","section_speeches","no_speeches","Nagins discurs registrads.","speech_untitled","speech_type_fallback","speech_number_prefix","speech_agenda","speech_detail","Discurs entir","speech_transcript","Protocol dal pled","speech_audio","Audio","speech_video","Video","view_all_speeches","Mussar tut ils discurs","section_memberships","no_memberships","Naginas commembranzas registradas.","membership_type_fallback","Gremi","membership_untitled","Gremi senza num","membership_role_fallback","Commember","membership_source","membership_since","membership_until","membership_current","en curs","view_all_memberships","Mussar tuttas commembranzas","section_images","Maletgs","no_images","Nagins maletgs disponibels.","view_all_images","Mussar tut ils maletgs","image_current","Actual","image_version","Versiun","image_since","image_until","image_source","image_oparl","OParl","image_full","Ecran entir","image_open","Avrir il maletg","image_close","Serrar","image_prev","Maletg precedent","image_next","Maletg proxim","image_untitled","Maletg","controls_label","Tschertgar, filtrar ed urdinar","controls_search","Tschertga","controls_search_placeholder","Tschertgar…","controls_search_submit","Tschertgar","controls_sort","Urdinar tenor","controls_sort_asc","Ascendent","controls_sort_desc","Descendent","controls_results","Resultats","controls_clear","Reponer","controls_more_options","Dapli opziuns da filtrar e tschertgar","controls_fewer_options","Damain opziuns","sort_begin_date","Cumenzament","sort_end_date","Fin","sort_name","Num","facet_all","Tuts","facet_yes","facet_no","facet_payment","Indemnisaziun","facet_body","facet_date_from","Da","facet_date_to","sort_voting_date","Data","sort_voting_title","Titel","facet_vote","Vusch","vote_yes","vote_no","vote_abstention","Abstenziun","sort_date_start","Data dal discurs","sort_date_end","Data da fin","facet_has_video","Cun video","sort_begin","sort_end","sort_group_name","sort_active","facet_type","Tip","facet_active","facet_party","facet_group","facet_gender","facet_chamber","Chombra","chamber_both","Omadus","facet_deceased","sort_firstname","Prenum","people_title","no_people","Naginas persunas chattadas.","controls_per_page","Per pagina","facet_country","Pajais","facet_electoral_district","country_che","Svizra","country_lie","Liechtenstein","also_active_in","controls_search_placeholder_people","Tschertgar persunas…","controls_search_placeholder_alignment","Tschertgar commembers…","controls_search_placeholder_memberships","Tschertgar commembranzas…","controls_search_placeholder_interests","Tschertgar colliaziuns d'interess…","controls_search_placeholder_organizations","Tschertgar organisaziuns…","controls_search_placeholder_votes","Tschertgar vuschs…","controls_search_placeholder_access_badges","Tschertgar cartas d'access…","controls_search_placeholder_contributors","Tschertgar contribuziuns…","controls_search_placeholder_speeches","Tschertgar discurs…","controls_search_hint_people","Tschertga nums, lieu e numer postal.","controls_search_hint_groups","Tschertga num, abreviaziun e descripziun.","controls_search_placeholder_groups","Tschertgar cumissiuns e gruppas…","controls_search_hint_organizations","Tschertga il num da l'organisaziun.","controls_search_hint_agendas","Tschertga titel, descripziun, numer e categoria.","controls_search_placeholder_agendas","Tschertgar tractandas…","controls_search_hint_alignment","Tschertga il num dal commember confruntà.","controls_search_hint_memberships","Tschertga il num da la gruppa/dal gremi, la funcziun ed il tip da commembranza.","controls_search_hint_interests","Tschertga il num da l'organisaziun, la funcziun e la fracziun.","controls_search_hint_votes","Tschertga il titel da la votaziun ed il titel da la fatschenta.","controls_search_hint_access_badges","Tschertga il num e l'organisaziun dals giasts.","controls_search_hint_contributors","Tschertga il titel da la fatschenta.","controls_search_hint_speeches","Tschertga il text dal discurs.","controls_sort_status","Urdinà tenor {field}, {direction}","sort_affair_date","Data da la fatschenta","sort_role","Rolla","sort_affair_type","Tip da fatschenta","sort_affair_number","Numer da la fatschenta","sort_valid_from","Valaivel a partir da","sort_valid_to","Valaivel fin","sort_version","facet_latest","Il pli nov","gender_f","Feminin","gender_m","Masculin","gender_d","Divers","lang_de","Tudestg","lang_fr","Franzos","lang_it","Talian","lang_rm","Rumantsch","lang_en","Englais","lang_es","Spagnol","bodies_title","affairs_title","no_bodies","Naginas instituziuns chattadas.","facet_has_parliament","Cun parlament","sort_canton","Chantun","sort_position","Successiun","sort_population","Populaziun","controls_search_placeholder_bodies","Tschertgar instituziuns…","controls_search_hint_bodies","Tschertga num, chantun e clav.","body_population","Abitants","body_seats","Sezs","controls_no_results","Nagins resultats per tia tschertga.","controls_filter_search","controls_loading","Chargiar resultats…","body_section_profile","Profil","body_has_parliament","Ha in parlament","body_languages","Linguas","body_seats_legislative","Sezs (legislativa)","body_executive","Executiva","body_seats_executive","Sezs (executiva)","body_consultations","Consultaziuns","body_elections_votings","Elecziuns & votaziuns","body_flag","Bandiera","body_key_label","Clav dal gremi","body_source_lang","Lingua da funtauna","body_people_directory_title","Tuttas persunas da questa instituziun","body_composition_title","Cumposiziun actuala","body_chambers_title","Chombras","body_votings_title","no_votings","Naginas votaziuns registradas.","controls_search_placeholder_votings","Tschertgar votaziuns…","controls_search_hint_votings","body_affairs_title","no_affairs","Naginas fatschentas registradas.","affair_untitled","Fatschenta senza titel","affair_long_title","Titel cumplet","affair_number","Numer","affair_official_record","affair_external_id","ID externa","affair_agenda_section","Tractandas","controls_search_placeholder_affairs","Tschertgar fatschentas…","controls_search_hint_affairs","Tschertga il titel e'l numer da la fatschenta.","sort_affair_title","facet_state","Status","view_all_votings","Mussar tuttas votaziuns","view_all_affairs","Mussar tuttas fatschentas","external_link","Colliaziun externa","docs_title","docs_loading","Tschertgar documents…","section_docs","no_docs","Nagins documents.","view_all_docs","Mussar tut ils documents","controls_search_placeholder_docs","controls_search_hint_docs","Tschertga num e categoria.","facet_category","Categoria","facet_format","Format","facet_lang","facet_case","Sensibel a maiusclas","facet_word","Pled entir","facet_match_on","facet_match_off","section_events","no_events","Nagins eveniments registrads.","view_all_events","Mussar la cronologia cumpletta","controls_search_placeholder_events","Tschertgar eveniments…","controls_search_hint_events","Tschertga titel, actur e detagls.","facet_actor_type","Tip d'actur","event_untitled","Eveniment","texts_title","texts_loading","Tschertgar texts…","section_texts","no_texts","Nagins texts.","view_all_texts","Mussar tut ils texts","controls_search_placeholder_texts","controls_search_hint_texts","Tschertga il tip ed il text.","sort_type","text_untitled","Text","facet_position_country","facet_position_canton","facet_position_city","Citad","facet_position_commune","Vischnanca","facet_position_other","Auter","votings_title","voting_result_section","voting_decision","Decisiun","voting_meaning_yes","In gea munta","voting_meaning_no","In na munta","voting_affair","voting_chart_title","Co els han votà","voting_chart_alt","Plan dals sezs da {count} commembers, colurà tenor {mode}. {summary}","voting_table_alt","Tabella da co {count} commembers han votà, ina lingia per commember, cun lur partida e fracziun.","chart_export","Exportar","chart_export_title","Exportar il diagram","chart_export_failed","Export betg reussì.","chart_exporting","Exportar…","chart_download","Telechargiar","chart_close","chart_fullscreen","chart_title","chart_title_ph","Titel opziunal","chart_subtitle","Suttitel","chart_subtitle_ph","Suttitel opziunal","chart_colors","Colurs & etichettas","chart_color_for","Colur per","chart_label_for","Etichetta per","chart_reset","chart_order","chart_output","Output","chart_format","chart_theme","Design","chart_theme_light","Cler","chart_theme_dark","Stgir","chart_size","Grondezza","chart_options","Opziuns","chart_show_legend","Mussar la legenda","chart_transparent","Fund transparent","chart_interactive","Interactiv","chart_credits","Indicaziun da la funtauna","voting_chart_no_votes","voting_chart_seats","sezs","voting_chart_no_seatmap","Naginas datas dals sezs disponiblas.","voting_chart_col_person","Persuna","voting_chart_col_party","voting_chart_col_group","voting_chart_col_vote","voting_chart_by_party","Vusch tenor partida","voting_chart_by_party_seats","Sezs tenor partida","voting_chart_colour_by","Colurar ils sezs tenor","voting_chart_majority","Maioritad","voting_chart_edit","Modifitgar & exportar","voting_chart_seat_note","Las posiziuns dals sezs èn illustrativas, betg la disposiziun reala da la chombra. Avra l'editur per reorganisar las colurs, las etichettas e la successiun, ed exportar.","speeches_title","speeches_loading","speech_person","Uratur","speech_body","Instituziun","speech_affair","speech_meeting","groups_title","no_groups","Naginas gruppas chattadas.","group_untitled","Gruppa senza titel","section_meetings","no_meetings","Naginas sesidas registradas.","view_all_meetings","Mussar tuttas sesidas","meetings_title","meeting_untitled","meeting_upcoming","Vegnenta","facet_time","Cura","facet_upcoming","facet_past","Passada","group_abbreviation","Scursanida","group_description","Descripziun","group_official_record","Pagina uffiziala","group_contact","member_unknown","section_votings","interests_title","interest_details","Detagls","interest_person","Declarà da","interest_body","Gremi concedent","interest_role","interest_type","interest_group","interest_place","Lieu","interest_period","Perioda","meeting_details","meeting_type","meeting_state","meeting_number","meeting_location","meeting_period","meeting_group","meeting_body","group_type","description","controls_search_placeholder_meetings","Tschertgar sesidas …","controls_search_hint_meetings","Num, lieu u descripziun","section_agendas","no_agendas","Naginas tractandas.","view_all_agendas","Mussar tuttas tractandas","agenda_untitled","speech_speaker_unknown","video","doc_untitled","Document","doc_body","doc_affair","doc_meeting","doc_agenda","section_contributors","Contribuents","no_contributors","Nagins contribuents.","view_all_contributors","Mussar tut ils contribuents","sort_number","topics_title","Ils pleds ils pli duvrads","topics_intro","Ils pleds che questa persuna dovra il pli savens en ses discurs, senza ils pleds da farsa frequents. La grondezza da la plattina mussa quant savens in pled vegn duvrà.","topics_all_time","Total il temp","topics_last_4y","Ils davos 4 onns","topics_last_8y","Ils davos 8 onns","topics_from","topics_to","topics_speeches","discurs","topics_words","pleds (filtrads)","topics_distinct","pleds distincts","topics_uses","utilisaziuns","topics_alt","Charta d'arber dals {count} pleds ils pli duvrads, la grondezza tenor la frequenza. {ctx}","topics_table_alt","Tabella dals {count} pleds ils pli duvrads e quant savens mintgin vegn duvrà. {ctx}","topics_table_toggle","Mussar sco tabella","topics_table_word","Pled","topics_empty","Nagins discurs cun text utilisabel en questa perioda. Emprova d'engrondir il rom.","loyalty_title","Fidaivladad da fracziun","loyalty_subtitle","Part da las vuschs ch'in commember dat cunter la lingia da maioritad da sia fracziun (pli aut = pli independent). Las abstenziuns valan sco posiziun.","loyalty_axis","Quota da divergenza: part da las vuschs cunter la atgna fracziun","loyalty_dissent","divergenza","loyalty_ballots","vuschs","loyalty_empty","Naginas vuschs en questa perioda cumplenischan las valurs limita per in punctual da fidaivladad. Engrondescha il rom.","loyalty_chart_alt","Diagram da svarm d'avieuls da la quota da divergenza da {count} commembers, in punct per commember, colurà tenor partida. {ctx}","loyalty_table_alt","Tabella da {count} commembers cun lur vuschs, divergenzas e quota da divergenza. {ctx}","loyalty_col_member","loyalty_col_party","loyalty_col_group","loyalty_col_ballots","loyalty_col_dissents","Cunter","loyalty_col_rate","Divergenza","loyalty_from","loyalty_to","loyalty_scale","Scala","loyalty_scale_log","Log","loyalty_scale_linear","Linear","loyalty_filters","Filters","cohesion_title","Coesiun da la fracziun","cohesion_hint","index d'accordanza mesaun (1 = unanim)","section_alignment","Proximitad da votaziun","no_alignment","Betg avunda vuschs cuminaivlas per cumparegliar.","view_all_alignment","Mussar la proximitad da votaziun cumpletta","alignment_agreed_of_shared","concordant en {agreed} da {shared} vuschs cuminaivlas","sort_agreement","Accordanza","sort_shared","Vuschs cuminaivlas","facet_min_shared","Min. cuminaivlas","min_shared_10","≥ 10","min_shared_20","≥ 20","min_shared_50","≥ 50","min_shared_100","≥ 100","section_body_alignment","body_alignment_subtitle","Co ils commembers da questa chombra votan in relaziun a l'auter, sin basa da las vuschs ch'els han cuminaivel. Sin la charta sesan commembers che votan a moda sumeglianta datiers in a l'auter, ed adversaris dalunga. Las colurs represchentan las partidas, uschè che blocs e coaliziuns cumparan sco cluster. La grilia mussa l'accordanza media tranter mintga pèr da partidas (la diagonala è la coesiun interna da mintga partida).","alignment_from","alignment_to","alignment_view","Vista","alignment_view_scatter","Charta","alignment_view_heatmap","Grilia da las partidas","alignment_empty","Betg avunda vuschs en quest rom per construir il model.","alignment_window_note","Il pli expressiv entaifer ina suletta perioda legislativa: il model cumpareglia ils commembers sin basa da las vuschs ch'els han cuminaivel. Sche'l rom cumpiglia in'elecziun u ina midada da cumposiziun, sa cuvran commembers cun mandats differents apaina, e las posiziuns daventan main cumparegliablas.","alignment_no_parties","Naginas partidas da cumparegliar en quest rom.","alignment_scatter_alt","Diagram da dispersiun da {count} commembers, plazzads tenor la sumeglientscha da lur vuschs, colurà tenor partida. {ctx}","alignment_pairs","pèrs","alignment_heatmap_note","Mintga cella è l'accordanza media tranter ils commembers da las duas partidas (diagonala = coesiun interna d'ina partida). ± è il rom da confidenza da 95% e n il dumber dals pèrs da commembers che stattan davos. In pitschen rom sur blers pèrs munta che la proximitad è bain fundada; in rom vast munta be in indizi.","alignment_heatmap_alt","Grilia da l'accordanza media da votar tranter {count} partidas. {ctx}","alignment_members_heading","Commembers","alignment_members_table_alt","Tabella da {count} commembers cun lur accordanza cun la chombra e cun la atgna partida. {ctx}","alignment_col_member","alignment_col_party","alignment_col_votes","alignment_col_chamber","Proxim a la chombra","alignment_col_party_align","Entaifer la partida","alignment_zoom_in","Zoom en","alignment_zoom_out","Zoom or","alignment_zoom_reset","Reponer il zoom","alignment_filters","section_lobby","Rait da lobby","lobby_subtitle","Las organisaziuns ch'ils commembers da questa chombra declaran en lur register d'interess, e nua che questas colliaziuns sa cruschan. En la rait èn ils commembers punct (colurads tenor partida) e las organisaziuns che dus u dapli commembers dividan èn quaders. Commembers che dividan las medemas organisaziuns sa tiran ensemen. La partiziun mussa quantas mandats èn pajads u nunpajads, e tgi che ha ils pli blers.","lobby_empty","Nagins interess declarads per questa chombra en quest rom.","lobby_no_shared","Naginas organisaziuns vegnan dividas da dus u dapli commembers qua. Vesair la partiziun.","lobby_network_alt","Grafic da rait cun {members} commembers e las {orgs} organisaziuns ch'els dividan, colliads tras interess declarads. {ctx}","lobby_mandates","mandats","lobby_members_tied","commembers","lobby_unknown","Nunenconuschent","lobby_org_node","Organisaziun","lobby_payment_heading","Mandats pajads vs. nunpajads","lobby_top_orgs","Organisaziuns las pli dividas","lobby_top_members","Commembers tenor mandats","discussion_title","Profils da discurs","discussion_intro","Nua ch'ils commembers sesan sin in ax latent, derivà sulettamain dals pleds ch'els dovran en lur discurs (scalaziun Wordfish).","discussion_calculating","Scalar ils discurs…","lobby_calculating","Calcular la rait da lobby…","discussion_error","La scalaziun dals discurs n'ha betg pudì vegnir calculada.","discussion_converged","Il model ha convergì","discussion_not_converged","Il model n'ha betg cumplettamain convergì. Legia las posiziuns cun spezial precauziun.","discussion_members_scored","Commembers valitads","discussion_vocab","Vocabulari","discussion_window","Fanestra da temp","discussion_show_all","discussion_show_reliable","Mo ils fidads","discussion_methodology","Co quai vegn calculà","discussion_range_label","Rom da temp","discussion_range_1y","1 onn","discussion_range_2y","2 onns","discussion_range_4y","4 onns","discussion_range_8y","8 onns","discussion_plot_alt","Diagram da svarm d'avieuls da {count} commembers plazzads lung in ax da la tscherna dals pleds, in punct per commember. {ctx}","discussion_plot_caption","Mintga punct è in commember, plazzà tenor ils pleds ch'el dovra en ses discurs. Commembers che dovran ils medems pleds caracteristics sesan datiers in a l'auter; commembers che discurran fitg differentamain sesan dalunga. La posiziun d'in commember na vegn pia betg attribuida da nus; ella resulta da co el discurra propi. Per exempel: tgi che di adina «taglia», «budget» e «expensas» stat dalunga da tgi che di surtut «asil», «cunfin» ed «integraziun». Passa cun il mieus sur in punct per ils detagls. Puncts emplenids han avunda text da discurs per ina plazzada fidada; roncs vids han discurrì memia pauc, lur posiziun è da leger cun precauziun.","discussion_empty","Nagins discurs èn disponibels per quest parlament, uschè ch'ils commembers na pon betg vegnir plazzads sin l'ax. Questa scalaziun legia ils pleds ch'ils commembers discurran propi, e'l set da datas cuntegna protocols da discurs mo per pauc parlaments: las chombras federalas ed intgins chantuns sco Berna, Basilea-Citad u Son Gagl. Ti pos er empruvar in rom da temp pli lung survart.","discussion_empty_sparse","I dat memia pauc text da protocol da discurs per quest parlament per plazzar ses commembers sin l'ax. Emprova in rom da temp pli lung survart.","discussion_pole_a","In pol","discussion_pole_b","Auter pol","discussion_col_party","discussion_key_filled","Avunda text (fidà)","discussion_key_ring","Sut la limita da pleds (pauca segirezza)","discussion_align_title","Suonda l'ax la partida?","discussion_align_hint","Quant da la dispersiun da las posiziuns vegn declerà tras l'appartegnientscha a la partida (η²): 100% = las partidas èn perfetgamain separadas, ~0% = la partida na di nagut.","discussion_align_strong","las partidas èn cleramain separadas","discussion_align_moderate","las partidas èn per part separadas","discussion_align_weak","la partida declera l'ax apaina","discussion_poles_title","Da tge ch'è fatg l'ax","discussion_poles_hint","Ils pleds che tiran ils commembers il pli ferm vers mintga pol. L'ax munta insatge pir cur che ti legias quels. Sia direcziun è arbitrara.","discussion_no_party","Nagina partida","discussion_col_name","discussion_col_position","Posiziun","discussion_col_words","Pleds","discussion_col_speeches","discussion_low_confidence","pauca segirezza","discussion_table_title","discussion_table_alt","Tabella da {count} commembers cun lur posiziun sin l'ax da la tscherna dals pleds. {ctx}","discussion_read_title","Co leger quai","discussion_read_direction","La direcziun da l'ax è arbitrara: Wordfish chatta la separaziun, betg tge vart ch'è «sanester» u «dretg». Legia ils pols dals pleds per vesair tge che mintga vart munta.","discussion_read_uncertainty","Las posiziuns èn standardisadas, la dispersiun è pia ina convenziun, betg ina distanza reala. Bars d'errur pli vasts (e puncts vids) muntan main segirezza, na surinterpretescha pia betg quels commembers.","discussion_read_confound","Il stil da discurs reflectescha la rolla uschè bain sco l'ideologia: presidents da cumissiun, ministers ed uraturs frequents pon arrivar sin in pol pervia da quai ch'els fan, betg mo pervia da quai ch'els crain.","organizations_title","organizations_none","Naginas organisaziuns.","org_members","org_mandates","org_bodies","gremis","org_members_heading","org_members_table_alt","Tabella da {count} commembers cun lur partida, gremi, rolla, pajament e perioda. {ctx}","org_no_members","Nagins commembers.","org_col_member","org_col_party","org_col_body","org_col_role","org_col_payment","Pajament","org_col_period","sort_members","sort_mandates","Mandats","interest_unknown","lobby_panel_person","Organisaziuns declaradas","lobby_panel_org","Commembers cun quest mandat","lobby_table_heading","Tgi è collià cun tge","lobby_table_explain","La matrix cumpletta marchescha mintga commember cunter mintga organisaziun dividida: in punct per colliaziun declarada, la vista cumpletta da tgi ch'è collià cun tge.","lobby_table_large","Per questa chombra è quai","lobby_table_cells","cellas","lobby_table_show","Mussar la tabella","lobby_table_alt","Tabella che marchescha mintgin dals {count} commembers cunter las {orgs} organisaziuns cun las qualas els èn colliads, in punct per colliaziun declarada. {ctx}","lobby_select_hint","Tscherna in commember u ina organisaziun per vesair sias colliaziuns.","lobby_filters","lobby_error","La rait da lobbying n'ha betg pudì vegnir calculada.","lobby_clear_selection","Annullar la selecziun","close","not_found_person","Persuna betg chattada","not_found_body","Parlament betg chattà","not_found_affair","Fatschenta betg chattada","not_found_group","Cumissiun u gruppa betg chattada","not_found_voting","Votaziun betg chattada","not_found_meeting","Sesida betg chattada","not_found_interest","Interess betg chattà","not_found_organization","Organisaziun betg chattada","not_found_text","Text betg chattà","not_found_doc","Document betg chattà","not_found_speech","Discurs betg chattà","not_found_hint","I na dat nagina endataziun cun l'ID {id}. Ella è forsa vegnida allontanada, u la colliaziun è surannada.","not_found_back","Enavos a la survista","about","Davart","faq","FAQ","section_title","section_title_bodies","section_title_affairs","section_title_votings","section_title_texts","section_title_docs","section_subtitle_search","section_subtitle_discussion",{"_1574":1575,"_1592":762,"_1593":1594,"_1595":1596,"_1597":948,"_1598":522,"_1579":324,"_79":526,"_1599":529,"_1581":657,"_1600":1601,"_1602":733,"_1603":284,"_75":294,"_1577":434,"_19":304,"_77":532,"_82":314,"_1604":1056,"_1605":1188,"_1606":1223,"_1607":1188,"_1608":1609,"_1610":1188,"_1611":1612,"_1613":522,"_1614":324,"_1615":1188,"_1616":1596,"_1617":526,"_1582":401,"_1618":334,"_1187":1188,"_1619":640,"_1200":1188,"_73":537,"_1620":1409,"_1621":1266,"_1622":1304,"_1623":1601,"_1624":1393,"_1583":344,"_1625":1385,"_1626":1188},"section_switcher",{"_1572":1573,"_1574":1575,"_1576":284,"_71":478,"_75":294,"_1577":434,"_1578":369,"_1579":324,"_82":314,"_1580":304,"_1581":334,"_1582":401,"_1583":344,"_1584":1585,"_1586":1587,"_1588":1589,"_1590":1591},"section_title_speeches","section_title_groups","section_title_interests","section_title_meetings","section_title_organizations","label_section","Secziun","home","Partenza","people","affairs","groups","speeches","documents","interests","meetings","organizations","group_parliament","Acturs","group_proceedings","Activitads","group_records","Actas","group_lobbying","Lobbying","search","eyebrow","Datas davart {{name}}","overview","Survista","personal_data","votes","memberships","access_badges","Lobby","images","members","texts_overview","text_details","docs_overview","doc_details","votings_overview","Votaziun","voting_details","voting_diagram","Diagram","voting_tally","speeches_overview","speech_details","groups_overview","contributions","interests_overview","meetings_overview","vocabulary","loyalty","alignment","lobby","discussion","organizations_overview","org_details",{"_1684":1685,"_1686":1687,"_1628":1688,"_235":1689},"intro",{"_1630":1631,"_1632":1633,"_1634":1635,"_1636":1637,"_1638":1639,"_1640":1641,"_1642":1643},"en",{"_1644":1679,"_1646":1680,"_1648":1681,"_1650":1682,"_1652":1683},"de",{"_1644":1674,"_1646":1675,"_1648":1676,"_1650":1677,"_1652":1678},"fr",{"_1644":1669,"_1646":1670,"_1648":1671,"_1650":1672,"_1652":1673},"it",{"_1644":1664,"_1646":1665,"_1648":1666,"_1650":1667,"_1652":1668},"es",{"_1644":1659,"_1646":1660,"_1648":1661,"_1650":1662,"_1652":1663},"pt",{"_1644":1654,"_1646":1655,"_1648":1656,"_1650":1657,"_1652":1658},"rm",{"_1644":1645,"_1646":1647,"_1648":1649,"_1650":1651,"_1652":1653},"cookie","Nus duvrain mo cookies essenzials e funcziunals. Nagina analitica, nagin tracking.","dataLang","La Svizra ha quatter linguas naziunalas, e questas datas datti en pliras da quellas. Intgins records èn plurilings, auters mo en ina lingua. Vus pudais tscherner en tge lingua ch'il cuntegn vegn mussà; sche vossa tscherna n'è betg disponibla per in record, vegnan duvradas las autras linguas en in urden da prioritad fix. Quai è independent da la lingua da l'interfatscha. As lascha reglar sut Configuraziuns › Lingua dal cuntegn (sura a dretga).","alt","Questa pagina è era disponibla per rumantsch.","switch","Mussar per rumantsch","dismiss","Betg pli mussar","Utilizamos apenas cookies essenciais e funcionais. Sem análises, sem rastreio.","A Suíça tem quatro línguas nacionais, e estes dados existem em várias delas. Alguns registos estão em várias línguas, outros apenas numa. Pode escolher em que idioma os conteúdos são apresentados; quando a sua escolha não está disponível para um registo, as restantes línguas são usadas por uma ordem de prioridade fixa. Isto é independente do idioma da interface. Configure em Definições › Idioma dos conteúdos (canto superior direito).","Esta página também está disponível em português.","Ver em português","Não mostrar novamente","Solo utilizamos cookies esenciales y funcionales. Sin análisis, sin seguimiento.","Suiza tiene cuatro lenguas nacionales, y estos datos existen en varias de ellas. Algunos registros están en varias lenguas, otros en una sola. Puede elegir en qué idioma se muestra el contenido; cuando su elección no está disponible para un registro, se utilizan las demás lenguas en un orden de prioridad fijo. Esto es independiente del idioma de la interfaz. Configúrelo en Ajustes › Idioma del contenido (arriba a la derecha).","Esta página también está disponible en español.","Ver en español","No volver a mostrar","Utilizziamo solo cookie essenziali e funzionali. Nessuna analisi, nessun tracciamento.","La Svizzera ha quattro lingue nazionali e questi dati esistono in diverse di esse. Alcune voci sono in più lingue, altre in una sola. Puoi scegliere in quale lingua mostrare i contenuti; se la tua scelta non è disponibile per una voce, vengono usate le altre lingue secondo un ordine di priorità prestabilito. Questo è indipendente dalla lingua dell'interfaccia. Impostabile in Impostazioni › Lingua del contenuto (in alto a destra).","Questa pagina è disponibile anche in italiano.","Vedi in italiano","Non mostrare più","Nous utilisons uniquement des cookies essentiels et fonctionnels. Aucune analyse, aucun suivi.","La Suisse a quatre langues nationales, et ces données existent dans plusieurs d'entre elles. Certaines entrées sont en plusieurs langues, d'autres dans une seule. Vous pouvez choisir la langue d'affichage du contenu ; si votre choix n'est pas disponible pour une entrée, les autres langues sont utilisées selon un ordre de priorité défini. Ceci est indépendant de la langue de l'interface. Réglable dans Paramètres › Langue du contenu (en haut à droite).","Cette page est aussi disponible en français.","Voir en français","Ne plus afficher","Wir verwenden nur essenzielle, funktionale Cookies. Keine Analyse, kein Tracking.","Die Schweiz hat vier Landessprachen, und diese Daten liegen in mehreren davon vor. Manche Einträge sind mehrsprachig, andere nur in einer Sprache. Sie können wählen, in welcher Sprache die Inhalte angezeigt werden; ist Ihre Wahl für einen Eintrag nicht verfügbar, werden die übrigen Sprachen in einer festen Prioritätsreihenfolge verwendet. Dies ist unabhängig von der Oberflächensprache. Einstellbar unter Einstellungen › Inhaltssprache (oben rechts).","Diese Seite ist auch auf Deutsch verfügbar.","Auf Deutsch anzeigen","Nicht mehr anzeigen","We use only essential, functional cookies. No analytics, no tracking.","Switzerland has four national languages, and this data comes in several of them. Some records are in multiple languages, some in only one. You can choose which language the content is shown in; when your choice isn't available for a record, the remaining languages are used in a set priority order. This is independent of the interface language. Set it under Settings › Content language (top right).","This page is also available in English.","View in English","Don't show again","settings",{"_1752":1753,"_1754":1755,"_1756":1111,"_1757":1758,"_1759":1113,"_1760":1115,"_1761":1762,"_1763":1764,"_1765":1766,"_1767":1768,"_1769":1770,"_587":588,"_1771":1772,"_1773":1774,"_1775":1776,"_1777":1778,"_1779":1780},"nav",{"_1574":1698,"_1699":1700,"_1701":638,"_1702":1703,"_1704":1705,"_1584":1585,"_1586":1587,"_1588":1589,"_1590":1591,"_1576":284,"_71":478,"_1578":369,"_1577":434,"_75":294,"_1582":401,"_1579":324,"_82":314,"_1580":304,"_1581":334,"_1583":344,"_1706":1691,"_1707":1708,"_1552":1553,"_1709":1710,"_1554":1555,"_1711":1712,"_1713":1714,"_1715":1716,"_1717":1718,"_1719":1720,"_1721":1722,"_1723":1724,"_1725":1726,"_1727":1728,"_1729":1730,"_1731":1732,"_1733":1734,"_1735":1736,"_1737":1738,"_1739":1740,"_1741":1742,"_1743":1744,"_1745":1695,"_1746":1747,"_1748":1749,"_1750":1751},{"_1644":1645,"_1646":1647,"_1648":1649,"_1650":1651,"_1652":1653},{"_1690":1691,"_1692":1693,"_1694":1695,"_1696":1697},"project.title","Project","project.desc","Davart parlhub: tge ch'il portal è, respostas a dumondas frequentas, e co che las datas van ensemen.","experiments.title","Experiments","experiments.desc","Analisas experimentalas e demonstraziuns metodologicas sin parlhub, inclusiv la skalaziun Wordfish da parlaments a partir da lur discurs.","parlhub pagina da partenza","skip_to_content","Sursiglir al cuntegn principal","explore","start","Cumenzar qua","start_desc","Colliaziuns svletas a chombras, chantuns e vischnancas","project","project_desc","Il project en in tup d'egl","about_desc","Tge che parlhub è e tgi che stat davos","faq_desc","Respostas a dumondas frequentas","sustainability","Durabilitad","sustainability_desc","Co che parlhub vegn hostà e tge quai custa a la planeta","accessibility","Accessibladad","accessibility_desc","Tge che funcziuna, tge betg, e co annunziar ina barriera","traffic_stats","Statistica dal traffic","traffic_stats_desc","Tge parts da la pagina vegnan dumandadas, e da tgi","imprint","Impressum","imprint_desc","Tgi che gestiunescha parlhub, contact e licenzas","github","GitHub","github_desc","Il code da funtauna dal project sin GitHub","data_guide","Guida da las datas","data_guide_desc","Mintga tip da datas, declerà simplamain, cun exempels","data_map","Charta da las datas","data_map_desc","Co che las datas van ensemen, en in tup d'egl","methodology","Metodologia","methodology_desc","Co che mintga valur vegn calculada, cun colliaziuns tar il code","experiments","experiments_desc","Analisas experimentalas e descripziuns da la metodologia","wordfish","Skalaziun Wordfish","wordfish_desc","Plazzar commembers sin in ass tenor ils pleds da lur discurs","menu_label","Configuraziuns","appearance","Apparientscha","theme","theme_system","Sistem","theme_light","theme_dark","font_size","Grondezza da la scrittira","font_size_decrease","Empitschnir la scrittira","font_size_increase","Engrondir la scrittira","high_contrast","Cuntrast aut","grayscale","Stgalas da gris","interface_language","Interfatscha","content_language","Lingua dal cuntegn","content_language_auto","Automatic (suonda l'interfatscha)","content_language_note","Lingua da las datas mussadas (nums, titels, texts). Independenta da l'interfatscha; sche in record n'è betg disponibel, vegn duvrada la proxima lingua.","content_language_priority","Prioritad",{"_1756":1782,"_1761":1783,"_1784":167,"_1785":158,"_1786":158,"_1787":167,"_1788":-5},"system",100,"show_cookie_consent_message","ui_high_contrast","ui_grayscale","msg_lang_hint","content_lang"]