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Der Bundesrat wird gebeten, zu folgenden Fragen Stellung zu nehmen:

1. Im Mai 2001 hat die Ministerkonferenz in Prag als Nachfolgekonferenz zu Bologna stattgefunden. Inwiefern wurden die Zielsetzungen revidiert oder erweitert? Wurden neue Schwerpunkte gesetzt?

2. Wie wird der Prozess auf europäischer Ebene organisiert? Innerhalb welchen Zeitrahmens sollen die Zielsetzungen der Bologna-Deklaration gesamteuropäisch umgesetzt werden?

3. Wie positioniert sich die Schweiz im europäischen Quervergleich bezüglich der Umsetzung der Bologna-Deklaration?

4. In welchem Ausmass wurden die Zielsetzungen der Bologna-Deklaration an den universitären Hochschulen der Schweiz bereits umgesetzt? Welche Schwierigkeiten sind dabei aufgetreten?

5. Welche zusätzlichen Kosten entstehen den universitären Hochschulen durch die geplante Erneuerung der Studienstruktur, und wie gedenkt sich der Bund an diesen Kosten zu beteiligen?

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1. Die Ministerkonferenz von Prag im Mai 2001 diente vor allem als Standortbestimmung zwei Jahre nach der Unterzeichnung der Bologna-Deklaration. Die Bildungsminister und die Hochschulvertreter der mittlerweile 32 europäischen Signatarstaaten bekräftigten den festen Willen, sich weiterhin für das Ziel der Errichtung des europäischen Hochschulraumes bis zum Jahre 2010 einzusetzen.

Schwerpunkt bei der Errichtung des europäischen Hochschulraumes bildet die in der Bologna-Deklaration festgehaltene Einführung vergleichbarer zweistufiger Studiengänge nach dem Bachelor-Master-Modell. An der Prager Konferenz wurde in einem gemeinsamen Pressecommuniqué aller Signatarstaaten dieses Modell in seiner Ausgestaltung präzisiert und dabei ausdrücklich festgehalten, dass die Bachelor- und Masterstudiengänge unterschiedliche Orientierungen und verschiedene Profile haben können und sollten, um der Vielfalt der individuellen akademischen und arbeitsmarktbedingten Bedürfnisse gerecht werden zu können. Damit wird auch einem Anliegen der Universitäten Rechnung getragen, dass der Bachelor auf der Universitätsstufe, im Unterschied zu jenem der Fachhochschulen, primär akademischen Zielen, also der Förderung der Mobilität und der Möglichkeit, die Studienrichtung zu wechseln, dienen soll. Die Erklärung hielt auch fest, dass Bachelor- und Masterabschlüsse sowohl an Universitäten wie an anderen Hochschuleinrichtungen, d. h. an Fachhochschulen, erworben werden können. Diese an der Prager Konferenz vorgenommenen Präzisierungen sind für das in der Schweiz bewährte duale (höhere) Bildungssystem von grosser Bedeutung.

Des Weiteren legte die Prager Konferenz u. a. grosses Gewicht auf die Einrichtung eines Leistungspunktesystems wie das \"European Credit Transfer System (ECTS)\" und auf die Qualitätssicherung. Bezüglich der Qualitätssicherung ist vorgesehen, dass die einzelnen Länder entsprechende Organe einsetzen - ein Prozess, der in der Schweiz mit dem neuen Universitätsförderungsgesetz bereits eingeleitet worden ist.

Schliesslich war es den europäischen Ministern ein Anliegen, dass die Hochschulbildung in Europa ein öffentliches Gut bleiben soll und dass der Staat weiterhin seine Verantwortung für die Hochschulbildung behalten muss. Damit wurde den auch in der Schweiz vielfach geäusserten Befürchtungen entgegengetreten, die Bologna-Deklaration könne letztlich zu einer Kommerzialisierung der europäischen Universitäten führen.

2. An der Prager Konferenz haben die Ministerinnen und Minister beschlossen, in der zweiten Hälfte 2003 in Berlin eine weitere Nachfolgekonferenz abzuhalten. Im Hinblick auf diese Konferenz und auf die kommenden Umsetzungsarbeiten wurden auf europäischer Ebene neue Strukturen für die Steuerung des Bologna-Prozesses geschaffen. Der neue institutionelle Rahmen besteht aus einer Follow-up-Gruppe sowie einer Vorbereitungsgruppe. Die Follow-up-Gruppe setzt sich aus Vertretern aller Signatarstaaten und der Europäischen Kommission zusammen. Den Vorsitz übernimmt die jeweilige EU-Präsidentenschaft. Die Vorbereitungsgruppe hingegen besteht aus Vertretern der Gastgeberländer der vorangegangenen Ministertreffen und des nächsten Ministertreffens, von zwei EU-Mitgliedstaaten und zwei Nicht-EU-Mitgliedstaaten, wobei diese vier Vertreter von der Follow-up-Gruppe gewählt werden. Die jeweilige EU-Präsidentschaft und die Europäische Kommission werden ebenfalls an der Vorbereitungsgruppe teilnehmen. Den Vorsitz in der Vorbereitungsgruppe wird der Vertreter des Gastgeberlandes für das nächste Ministertreffen übernehmen.

Wie bereits unter Ziffer 1 erwähnt, sollen die im Rahmen der Bologna-Deklaration gesteckten Ziele bis zum Jahre 2010 erreicht werden.

3. Was die zeitliche Umsetzung der Bologna-Deklaration betrifft, liegt die Schweiz, wie eine am 27. Juni 2001 unter Beteiligung von internationalen Experten durchgeführte öffentliche Tagung zeigte, europaweit im Fahrplan.

Universitärer Bereich

Bezüglich des universitären Bereichs wurden im Einvernehmen mit den zuständigen Bundesbehörden, namentlich der Gruppe für Wissenschaft und Forschung, bereits Ende 1999 die notwendigen Strukturen für die Steuerung des Bologna-Prozesses geschaffen. Der Rektorenkonferenz der Schweizer Universitäten (CRUS) wurde die Verantwortung für die Koordination der Umsetzung der Bologna-Deklaration an den Schweizer Universitäten übertragen. Mit zwölf für den Universitätsbereich verbindlichen Thesen hat die CRUS bekräftigt, dass die Schweizer Universitäten Willens sind, in den kommenden Monaten und Jahren schrittweise die wichtigsten Anliegen der Bologna-Deklaration aufzunehmen und die Studienorganisation entsprechend umzugestalten.

Für die Umsetzung der Bologna-Deklaration im universitären Bereich hat die CRUS eine Projektleitung (Vorsitz: Prof. K. Osterwalder, Rektor ETHZ), eine hochschulpolitische Begleitgruppe (Vorsitz: G. M. Schuwey, Direktor BBW) und einen Bologna-Koordinator in ihrem Generalsekretariat eingesetzt. Diese Projektorganisation gewährleistet die nötige Zielorientierung, Strukturierung und Koordinierung des Bologna-Prozesses für den universitären Bereich und bezieht auch die Schnittstellen zu den Fachhochschulen, zum übrigen Tertiärsektor sowie zur Sekundarstufe II in der Schweiz mit ein.

Gestützt auf die Ergebnisse einer ersten Analysephase wurden fünf multidisziplinäre Arbeitsgruppen eingesetzt mit dem Auftrag, die Machbarkeit der vorgesehenen Studienreform für ausgewählte Fachbereiche zu untersuchen und Vorschläge für optimale Modelle zur Gestaltung und zur Einführung gestufter Studiengänge vorzulegen. Die Projektleitung wird diese bereits in Form von Schlussberichten bestehenden Resultate diskutieren und bis September 2001 detaillierte Überlegungen und Empfehlungen für die Einführung gestufter Studiengänge in der Schweiz vorlegen, auf deren Basis die CRUS bis im Frühjahr 2002 einen Entwurf für eine Umsetzungsrichtlinie erarbeiten wird. Dieses Dokument soll die wichtigsten strukturellen und organisatorischen Eckwerte und Parameter festlegen, welche für die Einführung gestufter Studiengänge durch die schweizerischen Universitäten im Sinne einer Mindestharmonisierung zu beachten sein werden.

Es sei daran erinnert, dass mit dem neuen Universitätsförderungsgesetz, das im April 2000 in Kraft getreten ist, erstmals ermöglicht wird, auf gesamtschweizerischer Ebene durch die Schweizerische Universitätskonferenz verbindliche Rahmenordnungen über die Universitätsbildung zu erlassen, namentlich über die Studienrichtzeiten und über die Anerkennung von Studienleistungen und -abschlüssen. Damit wurden für die bildungs- und hochschulpolitisch zentralen Fragen der Deklaration von Bologna rechtzeitig die institutionellen und rechtlichen Voraussetzungen für ein koordiniertes Vorgehen zwischen den Kantonen und dem Bund geschaffen.

Fachhochschulbereich

Auch im Fachhochschulbereich sind Reformbestrebungen im Sinne der Bologna-Deklaration voll im Gange. Einerseits hat die enge Zusammenarbeit der CRUS mit der Bologna-Projektsteuerung der Fachhochschulen, die von der Konferenz der Fachhochschulen der Schweiz (KFH) geleitet wird und aus einer Steuerungsgruppe (Vorsitz: Prof. A. Straessle, Chef Hochschulamt Zürcher Fachhochschule) besteht, inzwischen bereits zu gemeinsamen Thesen zwischen Fachhochschulen und Universitäten geführt, welche Zielsetzungen und Umsetzung der Bologna-Deklaration festlegt. Andererseits sind die gesetzlichen Änderungen im Fachhochschulbereich, welche die Voraussetzungen für die Einführung des zweistufigen Studienmodells erst schaffen sollen, auf Bundesebene in Vorbereitung. Parallel dazu hat die Arbeitsgruppe Bologna der KFH ein Master-Projekt für die Fachhochschulen konzipiert, das die KFH am 9./10. Juli 2001 verabschiedet hat und das nun der Schweizerischen Konferenz der kantonalen Erziehungsdirektoren und dem Eidgenössischen Volkswirtschaftsdepartement zur Stellungnahme vorliegt.

Zusammenfassend lässt sich festhalten, dass es die organisatorisch-institutionellen Massnahmen, die für eine koordinierte Umsetzung der Bologna-Deklaration im Universitäts- und Fachhochschulbereich getroffen wurden, erlauben, im Verein mit den anderen europäischen Ländern die Erneuerung der Lehre an den Schweizer Hochschulen zielgerichtet voranzutreiben. Es ist allerdings zu beachten, dass es sich beim Bologna-Prozess um ein längerfristiges Vorhaben handelt, das zwar die Schaffung eines einheitlichen, europäischen Bildungsraumes als gemeinsames Ziel anstrebt, das aber den einzelnen Ländern durchaus einen erheblichen Gestaltungsraum innerhalb der festgelegten Ziele bietet.

4. Parallel zu obgenanntem gesamtschweizerisch koordinierten Umsetzungsprozess sind an den einzelnen Universitäten Reformbestrebungen im Sinne der Bologna-Deklaration bereits im Gange bzw. bereits umgesetzt. Während die Università della Svizzera italiana seit ihrem Bestehen schon Bachelor- und Masterabschlüsse anbietet, wird die Universität St. Gallen im kommenden Herbst ihr gesamtes Studienangebot auf das Bachelor-Master-Modell umstellen. Auch die Universitäten Basel, Bern und Luzern haben in einigen ihrer Fakultäten das Bachelor-Master-Modell bereits eingeführt und haben diese Reformen zum Teil auch in den übrigen Fachbereichen eingeleitet.

Schliesslich sprach sich am 12. Juli 2001 auch der ETH-Rat für die Einführung gestufter Studiengänge an den ETH aus. Mit diesem Beschluss schafft der ETH-Rat die formellen Voraussetzungen, dass die beiden ETH im Rahmen ihrer Prioritäten Bachelor- und Masterabschlüsse im Sinne der Bologna-Deklaration einführen können. Die ETH Zürich wird denn auch bereits in diesem Herbst einen ersten gestuften Studiengang einführen, weitere folgen ein Jahr später.

Es liegt in der Komplexität der Materie, dass mit der Umsetzung der Bologna-Deklaration zahlreiche Schwierigkeiten verbunden sind. Vieles ist noch im Fluss und bedarf eingehender Erörterung und gegenseitiger Abstimmung. Zudem nehmen einige Universitäten in der Westschweiz zurzeit noch eine divergierende Haltung ein, indem sie dafür plädieren, mehrere Studienstrukturmodelle vorzusehen. Auch der Gefahr der Uneinheitlichkeit bei der Einführung des Leistungspunktesystems ECTS an den Hochschulen muss entgegengetreten werden. Eine von der CRUS gebildete Arbeitsgruppe wurde mit der Aufgabe betraut, Richtlinien für ein gesamtschweizerisch einheitliches und europakompatibles Leistungspunktesystem zu erstellen. Zudem ist geplant, im Jahre 2002 in der Schweiz ein internationales Seminar zum Thema ECTS durchzuführen, das einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Weiterentwicklung eines gemeinsamen europäischen Leistungspunktesystems leisten soll.

5. Es ist zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt schwierig, verbindliche Angaben über die Kosten der Umsetzung der Bologna-Deklaration zu machen. Sicher braucht es für die Steuerung des Prozesses und für die koordinierte Umsetzung der Bologna-Deklaration an den einzelnen Universitäten zusätzliche Mittel. Zudem wird die Neugestaltung der Studiengänge gemäss der Bologna-Deklaration zu einem Mehraufwand in der Betreuung führen. Verlässliche Zahlen dazu liegen aber noch nicht vor. Die zuständigen Stellen des Bundes werden jedoch zusammen mit der CRUS die notwendigen Abklärungen treffen, um den Mehraufwand der Universitäten verlässlich messen zu können.

In diesem Kontext kann aber darauf hingewiesen werden, dass ohnehin eine Verbesserung der Betreuungsverhältnisse - vor allem in den Fachbereichen Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaften - angestrebt werden muss.

Antwort des Bundesrates.",30406,"20013337_1","Titel des 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partida e fracziun.","chart_export","Exportar","chart_export_title","Exportar il diagram","chart_export_failed","Export betg reussì.","chart_exporting","Exportar…","chart_download","Telechargiar","chart_close","chart_fullscreen","chart_title","chart_title_ph","Titel opziunal","chart_subtitle","Suttitel","chart_subtitle_ph","Suttitel opziunal","chart_colors","Colurs & etichettas","chart_color_for","Colur per","chart_label_for","Etichetta per","chart_reset","chart_order","chart_output","Output","chart_format","chart_theme","Design","chart_theme_light","Cler","chart_theme_dark","Stgir","chart_size","Grondezza","chart_options","Opziuns","chart_show_legend","Mussar la legenda","chart_transparent","Fund transparent","chart_interactive","Interactiv","chart_credits","Indicaziun da la funtauna","voting_chart_no_votes","voting_chart_seats","sezs","voting_chart_no_seatmap","Naginas datas dals sezs disponiblas.","voting_chart_col_person","Persuna","voting_chart_col_party","voting_chart_col_group","voting_chart_col_vote","voting_chart_by_party","Vusch tenor partida","voting_chart_by_party_seats","Sezs tenor partida","voting_chart_colour_by","Colurar ils sezs tenor","voting_chart_majority","Maioritad","voting_chart_edit","Modifitgar & exportar","voting_chart_seat_note","Las posiziuns dals sezs èn illustrativas, betg la disposiziun reala da la chombra. Avra l'editur per reorganisar las colurs, las etichettas e la successiun, ed exportar.","speeches_title","speeches_loading","speech_person","Uratur","speech_body","Instituziun","speech_affair","speech_meeting","groups_title","no_groups","Naginas gruppas chattadas.","group_untitled","Gruppa senza titel","section_meetings","no_meetings","Naginas sesidas registradas.","view_all_meetings","Mussar tuttas sesidas","meetings_title","meeting_untitled","meeting_upcoming","Vegnenta","facet_time","Cura","facet_upcoming","facet_past","Passada","group_abbreviation","Scursanida","group_description","Descripziun","group_official_record","Pagina uffiziala","group_contact","member_unknown","section_votings","interests_title","interest_details","Detagls","interest_person","Declarà da","interest_body","Gremi concedent","interest_role","interest_type","interest_group","interest_place","Lieu","interest_period","Perioda","meeting_details","meeting_type","meeting_state","meeting_number","meeting_location","meeting_period","meeting_group","meeting_body","group_type","description","controls_search_placeholder_meetings","Tschertgar sesidas …","controls_search_hint_meetings","Num, lieu u descripziun","section_agendas","no_agendas","Naginas tractandas.","view_all_agendas","Mussar tuttas tractandas","agenda_untitled","speech_speaker_unknown","video","doc_untitled","Document","doc_body","doc_affair","doc_meeting","doc_agenda","section_contributors","Contribuents","no_contributors","Nagins contribuents.","view_all_contributors","Mussar tut ils contribuents","sort_number","topics_title","Ils pleds ils pli duvrads","topics_intro","Ils pleds che questa persuna dovra il pli savens en ses discurs, senza ils pleds da farsa frequents. La grondezza da la plattina mussa quant savens in pled vegn duvrà.","topics_all_time","Total il temp","topics_last_4y","Ils davos 4 onns","topics_last_8y","Ils davos 8 onns","topics_from","topics_to","topics_speeches","discurs","topics_words","pleds (filtrads)","topics_distinct","pleds distincts","topics_uses","utilisaziuns","topics_alt","Charta d'arber dals {count} pleds ils pli duvrads, la grondezza tenor la frequenza. {ctx}","topics_table_alt","Tabella dals {count} pleds ils pli duvrads e quant savens mintgin vegn duvrà. {ctx}","topics_table_toggle","Mussar sco tabella","topics_table_word","Pled","topics_empty","Nagins discurs cun text utilisabel en questa perioda. Emprova d'engrondir il rom.","loyalty_title","Fidaivladad da fracziun","loyalty_subtitle","Part da las vuschs ch'in commember dat cunter la lingia da maioritad da sia fracziun (pli aut = pli independent). Las abstenziuns valan sco posiziun.","loyalty_axis","Quota da divergenza: part da las vuschs cunter la atgna fracziun","loyalty_dissent","divergenza","loyalty_ballots","vuschs","loyalty_empty","Naginas vuschs en questa perioda cumplenischan las valurs limita per in punctual da fidaivladad. Engrondescha il rom.","loyalty_chart_alt","Diagram da svarm d'avieuls da la quota da divergenza da {count} commembers, in punct per commember, colurà tenor partida. {ctx}","loyalty_table_alt","Tabella da {count} commembers cun lur vuschs, divergenzas e quota da divergenza. {ctx}","loyalty_col_member","loyalty_col_party","loyalty_col_group","loyalty_col_ballots","loyalty_col_dissents","Cunter","loyalty_col_rate","Divergenza","loyalty_from","loyalty_to","loyalty_scale","Scala","loyalty_scale_log","Log","loyalty_scale_linear","Linear","loyalty_filters","Filters","cohesion_title","Coesiun da la fracziun","cohesion_hint","index d'accordanza mesaun (1 = unanim)","section_alignment","Proximitad da votaziun","no_alignment","Betg avunda vuschs cuminaivlas per cumparegliar.","view_all_alignment","Mussar la proximitad da votaziun cumpletta","alignment_agreed_of_shared","concordant en {agreed} da {shared} vuschs cuminaivlas","sort_agreement","Accordanza","sort_shared","Vuschs cuminaivlas","facet_min_shared","Min. cuminaivlas","min_shared_10","≥ 10","min_shared_20","≥ 20","min_shared_50","≥ 50","min_shared_100","≥ 100","section_body_alignment","body_alignment_subtitle","Co ils commembers da questa chombra votan in relaziun a l'auter, sin basa da las vuschs ch'els han cuminaivel. Sin la charta sesan commembers che votan a moda sumeglianta datiers in a l'auter, ed adversaris dalunga. Las colurs represchentan las partidas, uschè che blocs e coaliziuns cumparan sco cluster. La grilia mussa l'accordanza media tranter mintga pèr da partidas (la diagonala è la coesiun interna da mintga partida).","alignment_from","alignment_to","alignment_view","Vista","alignment_view_scatter","Charta","alignment_view_heatmap","Grilia da las partidas","alignment_empty","Betg avunda vuschs en quest rom per construir il model.","alignment_window_note","Il pli expressiv entaifer ina suletta perioda legislativa: il model cumpareglia ils commembers sin basa da las vuschs ch'els han cuminaivel. Sche'l rom cumpiglia in'elecziun u ina midada da cumposiziun, sa cuvran commembers cun mandats differents apaina, e las posiziuns daventan main cumparegliablas.","alignment_no_parties","Naginas partidas da cumparegliar en quest rom.","alignment_scatter_alt","Diagram da dispersiun da {count} commembers, plazzads tenor la sumeglientscha da lur vuschs, colurà tenor partida. {ctx}","alignment_pairs","pèrs","alignment_heatmap_note","Mintga cella è l'accordanza media tranter ils commembers da las duas partidas (diagonala = coesiun interna d'ina partida). ± è il rom da confidenza da 95% e n il dumber dals pèrs da commembers che stattan davos. In pitschen rom sur blers pèrs munta che la proximitad è bain fundada; in rom vast munta be in indizi.","alignment_heatmap_alt","Grilia da l'accordanza media da votar tranter {count} partidas. {ctx}","alignment_members_heading","Commembers","alignment_members_table_alt","Tabella da {count} commembers cun lur accordanza cun la chombra e cun la atgna partida. {ctx}","alignment_col_member","alignment_col_party","alignment_col_votes","alignment_col_chamber","Proxim a la chombra","alignment_col_party_align","Entaifer la partida","alignment_zoom_in","Zoom en","alignment_zoom_out","Zoom or","alignment_zoom_reset","Reponer il zoom","alignment_filters","section_lobby","Rait da lobby","lobby_subtitle","Las organisaziuns ch'ils commembers da questa chombra declaran en lur register d'interess, e nua che questas colliaziuns sa cruschan. En la rait èn ils commembers punct (colurads tenor partida) e las organisaziuns che dus u dapli commembers dividan èn quaders. Commembers che dividan las medemas organisaziuns sa tiran ensemen. La partiziun mussa quantas mandats èn pajads u nunpajads, e tgi che ha ils pli blers.","lobby_empty","Nagins interess declarads per questa chombra en quest rom.","lobby_no_shared","Naginas organisaziuns vegnan dividas da dus u dapli commembers qua. Vesair la partiziun.","lobby_network_alt","Grafic da rait cun {members} commembers e las {orgs} organisaziuns ch'els dividan, colliads tras interess declarads. {ctx}","lobby_mandates","mandats","lobby_members_tied","commembers","lobby_unknown","Nunenconuschent","lobby_org_node","Organisaziun","lobby_payment_heading","Mandats pajads vs. nunpajads","lobby_top_orgs","Organisaziuns las pli dividas","lobby_top_members","Commembers tenor mandats","discussion_title","Profils da discurs","discussion_intro","Nua ch'ils commembers sesan sin in ax latent, derivà sulettamain dals pleds ch'els dovran en lur discurs (scalaziun Wordfish).","discussion_calculating","Scalar ils discurs…","lobby_calculating","Calcular la rait da lobby…","discussion_error","La scalaziun dals discurs n'ha betg pudì vegnir calculada.","discussion_converged","Il model ha convergì","discussion_not_converged","Il model n'ha betg cumplettamain convergì. Legia las posiziuns cun spezial precauziun.","discussion_members_scored","Commembers valitads","discussion_vocab","Vocabulari","discussion_window","Fanestra da temp","discussion_show_all","discussion_show_reliable","Mo ils fidads","discussion_methodology","Co quai vegn calculà","discussion_range_label","Rom da temp","discussion_range_1y","1 onn","discussion_range_2y","2 onns","discussion_range_4y","4 onns","discussion_range_8y","8 onns","discussion_plot_alt","Diagram da svarm d'avieuls da {count} commembers plazzads lung in ax da la tscherna dals pleds, in punct per commember. {ctx}","discussion_plot_caption","Mintga punct è in commember, plazzà tenor ils pleds ch'el dovra en ses discurs. Commembers che dovran ils medems pleds caracteristics sesan datiers in a l'auter; commembers che discurran fitg differentamain sesan dalunga. La posiziun d'in commember na vegn pia betg attribuida da nus; ella resulta da co el discurra propi. Per exempel: tgi che di adina «taglia», «budget» e «expensas» stat dalunga da tgi che di surtut «asil», «cunfin» ed «integraziun». Passa cun il mieus sur in punct per ils detagls. Puncts emplenids han avunda text da discurs per ina plazzada fidada; roncs vids han discurrì memia pauc, lur posiziun è da leger cun precauziun.","discussion_empty","Nagins discurs èn disponibels per quest parlament, uschè ch'ils commembers na pon betg vegnir plazzads sin l'ax. Questa scalaziun legia ils pleds ch'ils commembers discurran propi, e'l set da datas cuntegna protocols da discurs mo per pauc parlaments: las chombras federalas ed intgins chantuns sco Berna, Basilea-Citad u Son Gagl. Ti pos er empruvar in rom da temp pli lung survart.","discussion_empty_sparse","I dat memia pauc text da protocol da discurs per quest parlament per plazzar ses commembers sin l'ax. Emprova in rom da temp pli lung survart.","discussion_pole_a","In pol","discussion_pole_b","Auter pol","discussion_col_party","discussion_key_filled","Avunda text (fidà)","discussion_key_ring","Sut la limita da pleds (pauca segirezza)","discussion_align_title","Suonda l'ax la partida?","discussion_align_hint","Quant da la dispersiun da las posiziuns vegn declerà tras l'appartegnientscha a la partida (η²): 100% = las partidas èn perfetgamain separadas, ~0% = la partida na di nagut.","discussion_align_strong","las partidas èn cleramain separadas","discussion_align_moderate","las partidas èn per part separadas","discussion_align_weak","la partida declera l'ax apaina","discussion_poles_title","Da tge ch'è fatg l'ax","discussion_poles_hint","Ils pleds che tiran ils commembers il pli ferm vers mintga pol. L'ax munta insatge pir cur che ti legias quels. Sia direcziun è arbitrara.","discussion_no_party","Nagina partida","discussion_col_name","discussion_col_position","Posiziun","discussion_col_words","Pleds","discussion_col_speeches","discussion_low_confidence","pauca segirezza","discussion_table_title","discussion_table_alt","Tabella da {count} commembers cun lur posiziun sin l'ax da la tscherna dals pleds. {ctx}","discussion_read_title","Co leger quai","discussion_read_direction","La direcziun da l'ax è arbitrara: Wordfish chatta la separaziun, betg tge vart ch'è «sanester» u «dretg». Legia ils pols dals pleds per vesair tge che mintga vart munta.","discussion_read_uncertainty","Las posiziuns èn standardisadas, la dispersiun è pia ina convenziun, betg ina distanza reala. Bars d'errur pli vasts (e puncts vids) muntan main segirezza, na surinterpretescha pia betg quels commembers.","discussion_read_confound","Il stil da discurs reflectescha la rolla uschè bain sco l'ideologia: presidents da cumissiun, ministers ed uraturs frequents pon arrivar sin in pol pervia da quai ch'els fan, betg mo pervia da quai ch'els crain.","organizations_title","organizations_none","Naginas organisaziuns.","org_members","org_mandates","org_bodies","gremis","org_members_heading","org_members_table_alt","Tabella da {count} commembers cun lur partida, gremi, rolla, pajament e perioda. {ctx}","org_no_members","Nagins commembers.","org_col_member","org_col_party","org_col_body","org_col_role","org_col_payment","Pajament","org_col_period","sort_members","sort_mandates","Mandats","interest_unknown","lobby_panel_person","Organisaziuns declaradas","lobby_panel_org","Commembers cun quest mandat","lobby_table_heading","Tgi è collià cun tge","lobby_table_explain","La matrix cumpletta marchescha mintga commember cunter mintga organisaziun dividida: in punct per colliaziun declarada, la vista cumpletta da tgi ch'è collià cun tge.","lobby_table_large","Per questa chombra è quai","lobby_table_cells","cellas","lobby_table_show","Mussar la tabella","lobby_table_alt","Tabella che marchescha mintgin dals {count} commembers cunter las {orgs} organisaziuns cun las qualas els èn colliads, in punct per colliaziun declarada. {ctx}","lobby_select_hint","Tscherna in commember u ina organisaziun per vesair sias colliaziuns.","lobby_filters","lobby_error","La rait da lobbying n'ha betg pudì vegnir calculada.","lobby_clear_selection","Annullar la selecziun","close","not_found_person","Persuna betg chattada","not_found_body","Parlament betg chattà","not_found_affair","Fatschenta betg chattada","not_found_group","Cumissiun u gruppa betg chattada","not_found_voting","Votaziun betg chattada","not_found_meeting","Sesida betg chattada","not_found_interest","Interess betg chattà","not_found_organization","Organisaziun betg chattada","not_found_text","Text betg chattà","not_found_doc","Document betg chattà","not_found_speech","Discurs betg chattà","not_found_hint","I na dat nagina endataziun cun l'ID {id}. Ella è forsa vegnida allontanada, u la colliaziun è surannada.","not_found_back","Enavos a la survista","about","Davart","faq","FAQ","section_title","section_title_bodies","section_title_affairs","section_title_votings","section_title_texts","section_title_docs","section_subtitle_search","section_subtitle_discussion",{"_1610":1611,"_1628":798,"_1629":1630,"_1631":1632,"_1633":984,"_1634":558,"_1615":360,"_79":562,"_1635":565,"_1617":693,"_1636":1637,"_1638":769,"_1639":320,"_75":330,"_1613":470,"_19":340,"_77":568,"_82":350,"_1640":1092,"_1641":1224,"_1642":1259,"_1643":1224,"_1644":1645,"_1646":1224,"_1647":1648,"_1649":558,"_1650":360,"_1651":1224,"_1652":1632,"_1653":562,"_1618":437,"_1654":370,"_1223":1224,"_1655":676,"_1236":1224,"_73":573,"_1656":1445,"_1657":1302,"_1658":1340,"_1659":1637,"_1660":1429,"_1619":380,"_1661":1421,"_1662":1224},"section_switcher",{"_1608":1609,"_1610":1611,"_1612":320,"_71":514,"_75":330,"_1613":470,"_1614":405,"_1615":360,"_82":350,"_1616":340,"_1617":370,"_1618":437,"_1619":380,"_1620":1621,"_1622":1623,"_1624":1625,"_1626":1627},"section_title_speeches","section_title_groups","section_title_interests","section_title_meetings","section_title_organizations","label_section","Secziun","home","Partenza","people","affairs","groups","speeches","documents","interests","meetings","organizations","group_parliament","Acturs","group_proceedings","Activitads","group_records","Actas","group_lobbying","Lobbying","search","eyebrow","Datas davart {{name}}","overview","Survista","personal_data","votes","memberships","access_badges","Lobby","images","members","texts_overview","text_details","docs_overview","doc_details","votings_overview","Votaziun","voting_details","voting_diagram","Diagram","voting_tally","speeches_overview","speech_details","groups_overview","contributions","interests_overview","meetings_overview","vocabulary","loyalty","alignment","lobby","discussion","organizations_overview","org_details",{"_1720":1721,"_1722":1723,"_1664":1724,"_271":1725},"intro",{"_1666":1667,"_1668":1669,"_1670":1671,"_1672":1673,"_1674":1675,"_1676":1677,"_1678":1679},"en",{"_1680":1715,"_1682":1716,"_1684":1717,"_1686":1718,"_1688":1719},"de",{"_1680":1710,"_1682":1711,"_1684":1712,"_1686":1713,"_1688":1714},"fr",{"_1680":1705,"_1682":1706,"_1684":1707,"_1686":1708,"_1688":1709},"it",{"_1680":1700,"_1682":1701,"_1684":1702,"_1686":1703,"_1688":1704},"es",{"_1680":1695,"_1682":1696,"_1684":1697,"_1686":1698,"_1688":1699},"pt",{"_1680":1690,"_1682":1691,"_1684":1692,"_1686":1693,"_1688":1694},"rm",{"_1680":1681,"_1682":1683,"_1684":1685,"_1686":1687,"_1688":1689},"cookie","Nus duvrain mo cookies essenzials e funcziunals. Nagina analitica, nagin tracking.","dataLang","La Svizra ha quatter linguas naziunalas, e questas datas datti en pliras da quellas. Intgins records èn plurilings, auters mo en ina lingua. Vus pudais tscherner en tge lingua ch'il cuntegn vegn mussà; sche vossa tscherna n'è betg disponibla per in record, vegnan duvradas las autras linguas en in urden da prioritad fix. Quai è independent da la lingua da l'interfatscha. As lascha reglar sut Configuraziuns › Lingua dal cuntegn (sura a dretga).","alt","Questa pagina è era disponibla per rumantsch.","switch","Mussar per rumantsch","dismiss","Betg pli mussar","Utilizamos apenas cookies essenciais e funcionais. Sem análises, sem rastreio.","A Suíça tem quatro línguas nacionais, e estes dados existem em várias delas. Alguns registos estão em várias línguas, outros apenas numa. Pode escolher em que idioma os conteúdos são apresentados; quando a sua escolha não está disponível para um registo, as restantes línguas são usadas por uma ordem de prioridade fixa. Isto é independente do idioma da interface. Configure em Definições › Idioma dos conteúdos (canto superior direito).","Esta página também está disponível em português.","Ver em português","Não mostrar novamente","Solo utilizamos cookies esenciales y funcionales. Sin análisis, sin seguimiento.","Suiza tiene cuatro lenguas nacionales, y estos datos existen en varias de ellas. Algunos registros están en varias lenguas, otros en una sola. Puede elegir en qué idioma se muestra el contenido; cuando su elección no está disponible para un registro, se utilizan las demás lenguas en un orden de prioridad fijo. Esto es independiente del idioma de la interfaz. Configúrelo en Ajustes › Idioma del contenido (arriba a la derecha).","Esta página también está disponible en español.","Ver en español","No volver a mostrar","Utilizziamo solo cookie essenziali e funzionali. Nessuna analisi, nessun tracciamento.","La Svizzera ha quattro lingue nazionali e questi dati esistono in diverse di esse. Alcune voci sono in più lingue, altre in una sola. Puoi scegliere in quale lingua mostrare i contenuti; se la tua scelta non è disponibile per una voce, vengono usate le altre lingue secondo un ordine di priorità prestabilito. Questo è indipendente dalla lingua dell'interfaccia. Impostabile in Impostazioni › Lingua del contenuto (in alto a destra).","Questa pagina è disponibile anche in italiano.","Vedi in italiano","Non mostrare più","Nous utilisons uniquement des cookies essentiels et fonctionnels. Aucune analyse, aucun suivi.","La Suisse a quatre langues nationales, et ces données existent dans plusieurs d'entre elles. Certaines entrées sont en plusieurs langues, d'autres dans une seule. Vous pouvez choisir la langue d'affichage du contenu ; si votre choix n'est pas disponible pour une entrée, les autres langues sont utilisées selon un ordre de priorité défini. Ceci est indépendant de la langue de l'interface. Réglable dans Paramètres › Langue du contenu (en haut à droite).","Cette page est aussi disponible en français.","Voir en français","Ne plus afficher","Wir verwenden nur essenzielle, funktionale Cookies. Keine Analyse, kein Tracking.","Die Schweiz hat vier Landessprachen, und diese Daten liegen in mehreren davon vor. Manche Einträge sind mehrsprachig, andere nur in einer Sprache. Sie können wählen, in welcher Sprache die Inhalte angezeigt werden; ist Ihre Wahl für einen Eintrag nicht verfügbar, werden die übrigen Sprachen in einer festen Prioritätsreihenfolge verwendet. Dies ist unabhängig von der Oberflächensprache. 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Set it under Settings › Content language (top right).","This page is also available in English.","View in English","Don't show again","settings",{"_1788":1789,"_1790":1791,"_1792":1147,"_1793":1794,"_1795":1149,"_1796":1151,"_1797":1798,"_1799":1800,"_1801":1802,"_1803":1804,"_1805":1806,"_623":624,"_1807":1808,"_1809":1810,"_1811":1812,"_1813":1814,"_1815":1816},"nav",{"_1610":1734,"_1735":1736,"_1737":674,"_1738":1739,"_1740":1741,"_1620":1621,"_1622":1623,"_1624":1625,"_1626":1627,"_1612":320,"_71":514,"_1614":405,"_1613":470,"_75":330,"_1618":437,"_1615":360,"_82":350,"_1616":340,"_1617":370,"_1619":380,"_1742":1727,"_1743":1744,"_1588":1589,"_1745":1746,"_1590":1591,"_1747":1748,"_1749":1750,"_1751":1752,"_1753":1754,"_1755":1756,"_1757":1758,"_1759":1760,"_1761":1762,"_1763":1764,"_1765":1766,"_1767":1768,"_1769":1770,"_1771":1772,"_1773":1774,"_1775":1776,"_1777":1778,"_1779":1780,"_1781":1731,"_1782":1783,"_1784":1785,"_1786":1787},{"_1680":1681,"_1682":1683,"_1684":1685,"_1686":1687,"_1688":1689},{"_1726":1727,"_1728":1729,"_1730":1731,"_1732":1733},"project.title","Project","project.desc","Davart parlhub: tge ch'il portal è, respostas a dumondas frequentas, e co che las datas van ensemen.","experiments.title","Experiments","experiments.desc","Analisas experimentalas e demonstraziuns metodologicas sin parlhub, inclusiv la skalaziun Wordfish da parlaments a partir da lur discurs.","parlhub pagina da partenza","skip_to_content","Sursiglir al cuntegn principal","explore","start","Cumenzar qua","start_desc","Colliaziuns svletas a chombras, chantuns e vischnancas","project","project_desc","Il project en in tup d'egl","about_desc","Tge che parlhub è e tgi che stat davos","faq_desc","Respostas a dumondas frequentas","sustainability","Durabilitad","sustainability_desc","Co che parlhub vegn hostà e tge quai custa a la planeta","accessibility","Accessibladad","accessibility_desc","Tge che funcziuna, tge betg, e co annunziar ina barriera","traffic_stats","Statistica dal traffic","traffic_stats_desc","Tge parts da la pagina vegnan dumandadas, e da tgi","imprint","Impressum","imprint_desc","Tgi che gestiunescha parlhub, contact e licenzas","github","GitHub","github_desc","Il code da funtauna dal project sin GitHub","data_guide","Guida da las datas","data_guide_desc","Mintga tip da datas, declerà simplamain, cun exempels","data_map","Charta da las datas","data_map_desc","Co che las datas van ensemen, en in tup d'egl","methodology","Metodologia","methodology_desc","Co che mintga valur vegn calculada, cun colliaziuns tar il code","experiments","experiments_desc","Analisas experimentalas e descripziuns da la metodologia","wordfish","Skalaziun Wordfish","wordfish_desc","Plazzar commembers sin in ass tenor ils pleds da lur discurs","menu_label","Configuraziuns","appearance","Apparientscha","theme","theme_system","Sistem","theme_light","theme_dark","font_size","Grondezza da la scrittira","font_size_decrease","Empitschnir la scrittira","font_size_increase","Engrondir la scrittira","high_contrast","Cuntrast aut","grayscale","Stgalas da gris","interface_language","Interfatscha","content_language","Lingua dal cuntegn","content_language_auto","Automatic (suonda l'interfatscha)","content_language_note","Lingua da las datas mussadas (nums, titels, texts). Independenta da l'interfatscha; sche in record n'è betg disponibel, vegn duvrada la proxima lingua.","content_language_priority","Prioritad",{"_1792":1818,"_1797":1819,"_1820":207,"_1821":201,"_1822":201,"_1823":207,"_1824":-5},"system",100,"show_cookie_consent_message","ui_high_contrast","ui_grayscale","msg_lang_hint","content_lang"]